Criteria for Residency Training for Diploma of the Thai Board of Rehabilitation Medicine
The Royal College of Physiatrists of Thailand
Revised in 2013
.1 Criteria for Residency training
Criteria for Residency training of the Royal College of Physiatrists of Thailand assigned from The Medical
Council of Thailand
1.1
Name of Curriculum:
Residency Training in Rehabilitation Medicine
1.1
Name of Diploma :
Diploma of the Thai Board of Rehabilitation Medicine
(Dip., Thai Board of Rehabilitation Medicine)
1.1
Organization :
The Royal College of Physiatrists of Thailand and Committee
1.4
Implementation :
For residency training started at 2013
1.5
Duration for training :
3 years
1
Curriculum for Residency training
No.
Title
Subject
)1(
General Medical Rehabilitation
)1(
Rehabilitation of Neurological Disorders
)1(
Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Disorders
)4(
Rehabilitation for Cardiopulmonary and
Peripheral Vascular Disorders
Outline
- Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, biomechanics,
ergonomics, pharmacology, psychology
- Principles of rehabilitation medicine
- Rehabilitation evaluation
- Rehabilitation therapy and management: physical
modality, therapeutic exercise, occupational therapy
- Immobilization syndrome
- Rehabilitation team
- Cerebrovascular disease
- Traumatic brain injury
- Spinal cord disorders
- Motor neuron disorder
- Peripheral nerve disorders
- Neuromuscular junction disorder
- Myopathy
- Neurodegenerative disorders: PD, etc
- Rheumatologic and connective tissue diseases
- Orthopedic conditions
- Musculoskeletal disorders
- Coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart
diseases, arrhythmia
- Pneumonia, atelectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease
- Arterial and venous occlusion
- Lymphedema
2
Title
No.
Subject
Outline
)5(
Pain Rehabilitation
- Nociceptive pain
- Neuropathic pain
- Non-medical, medical and surgical treatments
)6(
Sports Rehabilitation
)7(
Rehabilitation for Amputee and Prostheses
- Performance testing
- Sports exercise and training
- Sports nutrition, doping and ergogenic aids
- Sports injury and rehabilitation
- Amputee: level, acquired and congenital, management
- Prostheses: BK, AK, BE, AE and others
)8(
Geriatric Rehabilitation
- Degenerative disease: musculoskeletal, neurological
- Osteoporosis, fall and fracture, arthroplasty
- Dementia, depression
- Exercise in the elderly
)9(
Pediatric Rehabilitation
- Neurological: cerebral palsy, delayed development,
neuromuscular disorders, autism
- Musculoskeletal: scoliosis, lower limb and foot deformity
)11(
Cancer Rehabilitation
)11(
Burn Rehabilitation
- Breast cancer, central nervous system cancer, bone cancer
and metastasis
- Cancer pain
- Paraneoplastic syndrome
- Palliative care
- Burn rehabilitation in acute, post-surgical, convalescent and
long-term rehabilitation phases
- Hand burn, orofacial burn, foot burn, pediatric burn, geriatric
burn
3
No
Title
Subject
Outline
)11(
Orthoses, Assistive devices, and Assistive
technology
- Upper extremity orthoses
- Lower extremity orthoses, footwears modification
- Spinal orthoses
- Mobility aids
- Assistive devices
- Gait and motion analysis
- Functional electrical stimulation (FES)
- Computer-assisted devices and environmental
control system
- Non-invasive brain stimulation
- Robotic rehabilitation
- Brain-computer interface (BCI)
- Virtual reality (VR) and game-based training
- Electrodiagnosis, Evoked potentials study
- Urodynamic study, Cystometry
- Musculoskeletal ultrasonograghy
)11(
Advanced Technology in Rehabilitation
Medicine
)14(
Special Diagnostic Procedures in Rehabilitation
Medicine
)15(
Integrative Medicine
- Definition of integrative medicine, complementary
medicine, and alternative medicine
- Indications and contra-indications
)16(
Law, Ethics and Medical Dilemma in Medical
Rehabilitation
- Thai laws related with disabled
- Ethical issue in rehabilitation medicine
- Medical dilemma
)17(
Research Methodology and Evidence-Based
Medicine
-
4
Methodology
Statistics
Proposal and manuscript writing
Research ethics
Evidence-based medicine
General Medical Rehabilitation
Material
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Functional and applied anatomy
Physiology and pathophysiology
Clinical biomechanics, kinesiology and ergonomics
Pharmacology
Psychology
Clinical evaluation
Functional evaluation/assessment
7.1 Functional ability, Functional scales
7.2 Impairment, disability and handicap
7.3 International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF)
8. Immobilization syndrome
9. Rehabilitation team and role of team coordinator
10. Rehabilitation therapy/ Management methods
10.1 Physical modalities/ agents
10.2 Therapeutic exercises
10.3 Massage, manipulation and manual therapy
10.4 Basic Prosthetics and Orthotics
10.5 Occupational therapy: functional training, environment modification, sensory reeducation/
desensitization, motor control therapy
10.6 Mobility aids and assistive devices
10.7 Speech therapy
Skills
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Clinical evaluation
Functional assessment
Disability assessment
Exercise and physical activity prescription
Physical modality prescription
Mobility aids and assistive devices prescription and training
Patient and family education and counseling
5
Rehabilitation of Neurological Disorders
Outlines
1. Neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and neurotransmitters
2. Pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of common neurological disorders
2.1 Brain disorders:
- Cerebrovascular disease
- Traumatic brain injury
- Degenerative diseases: Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism, dementia
- Others: tumor, infection, immune mediated.
2.2 Spinal cord disorders:
- Traumatic
- Non traumatic: myelopathy, neoplastic, immune mediated, myelodysplasia
2.3 Peripheral nervous system disorders: motor neuron disease, radiculopathy, plexopathy,
mononeuropathy, polyneuropathy (infection related, immune mediated, hereditary, metabolic,
toxic), neuromuscular junction disorder, myopathy
3. Rehabilitation problems: complications and consequences
3.1 Brain disorders:
- Perceptual dysfunction
- Cognitive dysfunction
- Neuroplasticity
- Communication disorder
- Swallowing disorder
- Neuropsychology
- Spasticity
- Mobility and ADL problems
- Psychosocial
3.2 Spinal cord disorders:
- Cardiovascular
- Pulmonary
- Genitourinary
- Gastrointestinal
- Neuromusculoskeletal
- Integument
- Pain
- Endocrine
6
- Psychosocial
3.3 Peripheral nervous system disorders:
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
- Contracture
4. Rehabilitation management, long term care and follow up
Skills
1.
2.
3.
4.
Swallowing evaluation
Cognitive and perceptual evaluation
Communication disorder evaluation
Interpretation of abnormal CT Scan, MRI for example, Infection, hematoma, brain tumor, brain abscess,
etc.
5. Functional/disability assessment: Barthel ADL Index, FIMS, International Standards for Classification of
Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI), Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI) เป็ นต้ น
6. Therapeutic exercises for neurological disorders
7. Chemodenervation and chemoneurolysis
7
Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Disorders
Outlines
1. Anatomy, physiology, and biomechanics related to musculoskeletal disorders
2. Pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of common musculoskeletal disorders
2.1 Rheumatologic and connective tissue disorders: Rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathy,
systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.
2.2 Orthopaedic condition: Fracture, post-arthroplasty, post muscle/tendon/nerve transfer,
ligament/cartilage/tendon injury, malalignment, joint deformity, etc.
2.3 Musculoskeletal disorders
- Upper extremity: Rotator cuff syndrome, epicondylitis, tenosynovitis
- Lower extremity: Trochanteric bursitis, iliotibial band syndrome, enthesopathy
- Spine: Spondylosis, spondylolisthesis, stenosis, malalignment
- Muscle pain: Myofascial pain syndrome, fibromyalgia
3. Management
3.1 Pharmalogical management : NSAIDs, opioids, steroid, analgesics, antidepressant, muscle
relaxants, anticonvulsants, vitamin supplement, calcium supplement, DMARDs, DMOADs,
SYSADOAs
3.2 Physical Modalities
3.3 Orthotic devices
4. Education
4.1 Joint protection program and energy conservation program
4.2 Ergonomics
4.3 Environmental modification
4.4 Cognitive and Behavioral therapy
5. Complementary/ integrative medicine
6. Consultation to the multidisciplinary
Skills
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Special test for musculoskeletal disorders
Physical modality prescription for musculoskeletal disorders
Therapeutic exercises for musculoskeletal disorders
Orthoses and mobility aids prescription
Trigger point injection, dry needling and acupuncture for treatment of myofascial pain syndrome
Soft tissue and intra-articular injection
Massage
Stretching
8
9. Education: Cognitive Behavioral therapy, environmental modification, ergonomics and Joint protection
and energy conservation program
Rehabilitation for Cardiopulmonary and Peripheral Vascular Disorders
Outlines
1. Anatomy and physiology of cardiopulmonary, vascular and lymphatic systems
2. Pathophysiology of common cardiopulmonary, vascular and lymphatic diseases/ disorders
2.1 Coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, etc.
2.2 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, atelectasis, restrictive lung disease, asthma,
lung abscess, pleural effusion, etc.
2.3 Arterial occlusion, venous occlusion, lymphedema, etc.
3. Functional capacity, 6 – minute walk test, ECG exercise stress test ,etc
4. Intensity : MET ,Borg’s scale
5. Further Investigation
6. Cardiac rehabilitation program
7. Indication and Contraindication
8. Pharmacologic treatment
9. Risk factor modification
Skills
1. Cardiopulmonary assessment: Chest X-ray and EKG ,Borg’s scale, 6 – minute walk test, exercise stress
test, pulmonary function test
2. Interpretation of Ankle-brachial Index (ABI)
3. Education : Physical activity, ADLs
4. Therapeutic exercise
5. Chest physical therapy
6. Sustained maximum inspiration (SMI)
7. Application of Stocking for Arterial and venous insufficiency, lymphedema
8. Pneumatic compression pump
9
Pain Rehabilitation
Outlines
1. Definition, pathophysiology of acute and chronic pain , Types of pain (somatic, visceral, nociceptive,
neuropathic: Chronic regional pain syndrome, central pain, phantom limb pain)
2. Pain assessment & sequalae
3. Pain Management
3.1 Pharmacologic management
- Indication, precaution and contraindication of Local anesthetics, opioids, NSAIDs, analgesics,
muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, psychotropics, patient-controlled analgesia,
epidural/intrathecal analgesia and regional block
- Analgesic drug: administration, side effect, complication and Drug interaction
3.2 Non-pharmacologic management
- Physical modalities/agents
- Therapeutic exercise
- Integrative medicine
- Cognitive – behavioral therapy
- Surgical management: Indication
Skills
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Pain assessment : Physical and psychological aspects
Physical examination, Interpretation of investigation
Analgesic drug
Physical modalities
Therapeutic exercises
Trigger point injection, dry needling and acupuncture for treatment of myofascial pain syndrome
Massage
Stretching
Cognitive-behavioral therapy, ergonomic management
10
Sports Rehabilitation
Outlines
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Anatomy, physiology, biomechanics and sports medicine related to exercises and sports activities
Pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of common sports injuries and sports related diseases
Sports nutrition, doping and ergogenic aids
Physical fitness tests and exercise prescription
Principles of rehabilitation for sports injuries
Physical modalities, orthoses and sports taping/ strapping in sports
Advanced treatments, techniques or devices in sports rehabilitation
Sports for people or athletes with disabilities
1.
2.
3.
4.
Exercise prescription
Interpretation of physical fitness tests
Ankle taping/ strapping
Muscle stretching
Skills
Rehabilitation for Amputee and Prostheses
Outlines
1. Causes and level of amputation: Acquired and congenital amputation
2. Impact after amputation
3. Rehabilitation management
3.1 Pre-amputation
3.2 Post-amputation: Stump evaluation and care, specific and general exercise in amputee,
preprosthetic training, prosthetics fitting, prosthetic training
3.3 Consequences and complication
- Pain: Post-operative wound pain, phantom limb pain, neuroma
- Phantom limb sensation
- Contracture
- Choke syndrome
- Verrucous hyperplasia
11
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
- Disability registration in Thailand
Prosthetic components, material, design and fabrication
Prescription of prostheses and evaluation
Energy expenditure during walking with or without prostheses
Management and precaution in high risk groups: Diabetes mellitus, cardiopulmonary diseases,
geriatric patients, peripheral vascular diseases
Prosthetic training and caring
8.1 Upper limb prostheses for shoulder disarticulation, transhumeral amputation, elbow disarticulation,
transradial amputation, wrist disarticulation, partial-hand and ray amputation
8.2 Lower limb prosthesis for hip disarticulation, transfemoral amputation, knee disarticulation,
transtibial amputation, partial foot and Syme amputation
Skills
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Assessment of upper limb amputation
Assessment of lower limb amputation
Counselling for amputees
Prescribe of proper orthosis and gait aid
Prosthetic fitting and evaluation (Check out)
Stump bandaging
Stump exercise
Stump massage and desensitization
12
Geriatric Rehabilitation
Outlines
1. Anatomy and physiology of neuromusculoskeletal system
2. Physiology and pathophysiology of common neuromusculoskeletal disorders
2.1 Musculoskeletal
2.1.1 Degenerative disorders
- Osteoarthritis of hip and knee
- Cervical Spondylosis/spondylolisthesis and radiculopathy
- Lumbar Spondylosis/spondylolisthesis and radiculopathy
2.1.2 Inflammation
- Frozen shoulder
2.1.3 Metabolic
- Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
2.1.4 Others
- Fall and fracture
- Immobility and Deconditioning
2.2 Neurological
2.2.1 Degenerative
- Brain atrophy
- Parkinsonism/Parkinson’s disease
- Cognitive impairment: mild cognitive impairment, dementia
2.2.2 Vascular
- Stroke
2.2.3 Trauma/Fall
- Subdural hematoma
- Spinal Cord Injury
2.2.4 Others
- Incontinence
2.3 Psycho-emotional: Depression, anxiety
3. Interpretation of plain film C–spine/L–S spine, bone mineral density (BMD)
4. Patient assessment and goal of rehabilitation management
5. Indication, contraindication, precaution and prescription of rehabilitation program for elderly patients
6. Exercise for elderly patients
7. Pharmacologic management
13
Skills
1. Geriatric assessments: Bio-psycho-social
2. Cognitive evaluation: TMSE, MMSE-Thai
3. Assessment tools for depression
4. Interpretation of Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
5. Balance assessment: Timed Up and Go test, Functional reach test, Single Leg Stance test, etc
6. Fall risk assessment
7. Mobility aids
8. Orthosis: don and doff
9. Intra – articular injection: knee joint
10. Exercise for elderly person for health promotion and disease prevention
11. Home and environmental modification for elderly person
12. Education and counseling for elderly person and family
Pediatric Rehabilitation
Outlines
1. Normal growth and developmental milestone and primitive reflexes
2. Pathophysiology of common pediatric diseases/disorders
3. Clinical manifestation in common disorder in pediatrics
3.1 Neurological system
- Cerebral palsy, Down syndrome
- Spinal bifida and meningomyelocele
- Neuromuscular disorder: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), hereditary myopathy, poliomyelitis, etc.
- Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC)
- Others: Autism, delayed development and learning disability
3.2 Musculoskeletal system
- Inflammatory joints: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
- Scoliosis, Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH), rotational deformity, osteogenesis imperfecta
- Congenital limb deficiency
- Lower limb deformity and malalignment: pes planus, pes cavus, toe-in, toe-out, club foot, genu
varum, genu valgum, tibial torsion, femoral anteversion
- Hemophilia
4. Rehabilitation management: Program, Physical modalities, and Mobility aids
14
Skills
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Neurodevelopment: Physiological and pathological reflex examination
Musculoskeletal development
Neurodevelopmental stimulation
Gait analysis
Prescription of assistive devices, mobility aids, seating systems
Chemodenervation, chemoneurolysis
Counseling for parents
15
Cancer Rehabilitation
Outlines
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Principle, scope and management guideline for cancer patients
Plan of management be disease staging and severity
Side effect of disease and management
Definition, cause, differential diagnosis, symptoms and signs (Connective tissue and neuromuscular
system manifestations) of Paraneoplastic syndrome
Diagnosis and multidisciplinary management for Cancer pain
Counseling skills for breaking bad news
Rehabilitation management for common cancer
1.1 Breast cancer
1.2 CNS cancer
1.3 Bone cancer and metastasis
Palliative & End of life care
Skills
1. Telling prognosis and bad news
2. Education; Management and complications
Burn Rehabilitation
Outlines
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pathophysiology after burn: Local effects, systemic effects
Etiology, classification of burn severity: American Burn Board Classification
Wound healing process
Rehabilitation management
- Acute/ post surgical phase
- Convalescent phase
- Long-term rehabilitation
5. Consequences, complications and rehabilitation management
- Hypertrophic scar, impair integutive function
16
- Skeletal deformities, contractures, heterotopic ossification
- Neuromuscular dysfunction
- Pain and itching
- Psychological and vocational problems
6. Problems, treatment and rehabilitation management for hand, foot, and facial burn
7. Problems, treatment and rehabilitation management for Electrical and Cnrub la imeh
8. Problems, treatment and rehabilitation management for Pediatric/ Geriatric burn
Skills
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Burn scar evaluation
Positioning in burn patient
Splint prescription and application
Pressure garment prescription and application
Massage for burn scar
Orthoses, Assistive Devices and Technology
Outlines
1. Anatomy, pathophysiology and biomechanics of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular systems
2. Principle of biomechanics, material, fabrication for
- Upper extremity orthoses: static, dynamic
- Lower extremity orthoses, footwares modification
- Spinal orthoses
3. Knowledge about types, materials, indications, benefits and application of orthosis, prosthesis,
Footwares, Mobility aids, Assistive devices and technology
- Assistive devices and technology for ADL: Feeding, bathing, toileting, grab rails, pick-up
reacher and others
- Assistive devices and technology for ambulation: Ambulatory aids, wheelchair
- Writing aids and stationary accessory
- Assistive technologies for transfer: Rope, ladder, hoist, swivel transfer, shower bench
- Seating and materials for pressure care: Gel cushion, air-filled cushion, fluid-filled cushion,
back support, heel cradles
- Environmental control system
- Home & Environmental adaptation
17
Skills
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Component and function of orthosis and prosthesis
Proper prescription orthosis and prosthesis for specific disopders
Orthosis and prosthesis checkout
Education: don/doff and maintenance of orthosis and prosthesis
Mobility and ambulation with mobility aid
Adjustment, don and doff of orthosis and prosthesis
Fitting of orthosis and prosthesis
Measurement of Mobility aids
Advanced Technology in Rehabilitation Medicine
Outlines
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Gait and motion analysis
Functional electrical stimulation (FES)
Computer assisted devices and environmental controls (assistive technology)
Brain stimulation: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
(rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
Robotic rehabilitation for ambulatory training and upper extremity training
Brain-computer interface (BCI)
Virtual reality (VR) technology
Game-based training
Skills
-
18
Special Diagnostic Procedures in Rehabilitation Medicine
1. Electrodiagnosis
Outlines
1. Basic of electrodiagnosis
- Anatomic and physiology of the peripheral nervous system and muscle
- Electrical properties of nerve and muscle
- Instrument, electronic system and data analysis
2. Nerve conduction studies: Principle and variations of nerve conduction studies, assessment of
individual nerves, common technical errors, principle and pitfall of waveform analysis
- Technique and general principles
- Clinical applications
3. Late response and special techniques: F wave, H reflex, A wave, Blink reflex
- Technique and general principles
- Clinical applications
4. Assessment of neuromuscular transmission:
- Technique and general principles
- Clinical applications
5. Electromyography
- Technique and general principles
- Clinical applications
6. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs)
- Technique and general principles
- Clinical applications
7. Motor evoked potentials
- Technique and general principles
- Clinical applications
8. Disorders of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system: Motor neuron disease and myelopathies,
Radiculopathies and plexopathies, Polyneuropathies, Mononeuropathies and entrapment syndromes
9. Disorders of muscle and neuromuscular junction: Presynaptic and postsynaptic neuromuscular junction
disorders, Myopathies
Skills
1. Nerve conduction study
2. Electromyographic study
3. Repetitive nerve simulation study
19
4. Evoked potentials study
5. Using the interpretation to guide management of the patient
2. Urodynamic study
Outlines
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Anatomy of the KUB system and pelvic floor
Clinical urophysiology of voiding and voiding dysfunction
Neurogenic bladder dysfunction
Urodynamic study
Conventional cystometry or urinary manometry
Uroflowmetry
Skills
1. Physical examination and problem assessment of bladder function
2. Procedure of urodynamics study
3. Interpretation of urodynamics study
3. Basic Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography
Outlines
1. Principle of diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasonography
2. Clinical applications
20
Integrative Medicine
Outlines
1. Definition of alternative medicine, complementary medicine and integrative medicine
2. Categories of complementary and alternative medicine (National Center for Complementary and
Alternative Medicine)
3. Alternative medicine practices
- Western medicine: Ayurveda, traditional chinese medicine (TCM), Thai traditional medicine (TTM)
- Eastern medicine: Naturopathy, homeopathy, chelation therapy
- Biological therapies: Diet therapy, Vitamins and Minerals, Herbs and phytonutrients, Bioidentical
hormone replacement therapy (BHRT), Amino acids, Cell therapy
- Manipulative and body-based therapies: Thai traditional massage, Osteopathy, Chiropractic,
Reflexology
- Energy therapies: Qigong
4. Mind-Body interventions
- Mind therapies: Meditation, hypnotherapy, biofeedback, music therapy, art therapy
- Body therapies: Yoga, Tai chi, Rusiedotton (ฤาษีดดั ตน), Pilates method, dance therapy
Skills
-
Law, Ethics and Medical Dilemma in Medical Rehabilitation
Outlines
1. The Statute for rehabilitation for disabled person in Thailand
2. The Statute related to health, and medical cost/funding in Thailand
3. Laws and regulations related to disabled patients in Thailand
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Health policy in Thailand
The Declaration of the Rights of Patients
The Declaration of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Convention of the Rights of People with Disability (CRPD)
Communication and counselling skill
Standard criteria for medical physicians in Thailand
21
10. Medical council emari bh nnlbalhr
11. Difficult situations; Breaking bad news, etc
Skills
1. Decision making of rehabilitation management and writing for the Disability registration
2. Education, counseling and dealing with difficult situations
Research Methodology and Evidence-Based Medicine
Outlines
1. Basic research
2. Research methodology
3. Research problems and questions
4. Review article, appraisal, and conceptual framework
5. Research population and subjects
6. Research measurement
7. Category and type of research methodology
8. Basic statistics
9. Sample size calculation
10. Data analysis by software
11. Writing the proposal
12. Ethics for research
13. Searching the articles by search engine
14. Writing the research manuscript
Skills
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Review articles for clinical practice
Research or journal presentation with appraisal
Research proposal presentation and registration to approve be Ethical committee
Research methodology, analysis, conclusion and manuscript preparation
Research oral presentation
22