Chemical Hygiene & Biosafety Plan
College of Life Sciences
Revision 2.1 – April 2015
Brigham Young University
Brigham Young University
College of Life Sciences
Chemical Hygiene & Safety Policies
Revised: May 2013
Table of Contents
COLLEGE OF LIFE SCIENCES CHEMICAL HYGIENE & SAFETY PLAN
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INTRODUCTION
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PRESIDENT KEVIN J WORTHEN, 2014
PRUDENT PRACTICES
PRINCIPLES OF BIOSAFETY
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PURPOSE, SCOPE AND RESPONSIBILITIES
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PURPOSE
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SCOPE
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RESPONSIBILITIES
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COLLEGE SAFETY AND COMPLIANCE COORDINATOR
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DEPARTMENT CHAIRS
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PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR AND/OR LABORATORY SUPERVISOR
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EMPLOYEES AND STUDENTS (GRADUATE STUDENTS, TEACHING & RESEARCH ASSISTANTS, UNDERGRADUATE
STUDENTS)
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RISK MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY
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SAFETY TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
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REQUIREMENTS
GENERAL LABORATORY SAFETY TRAINING
GENERAL SAFETY AWARENESS
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CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN
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HOUSEKEEPING
CHEMICAL PROCUREMENT
CHEMICAL STORAGE
CHEMICAL HANDLING
CHEMICAL INVENTORIES
CHEMICAL SPILLS
NUISANCE SPILLS
POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS SPILLS
LABORATORY EXHAUST HOODS
VARIABLE AIR VOLUME CHEMICAL FUME HOODS
SNORKEL FUME EXHAUSTS
SPECIALTY HOODS FOR PARTICULARLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
BIOSAFETY CABINETS
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
EYE AND FACE PROTECTION
GLOVES
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LABORATORY COATS AND APRONS
OTHER PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
HEARING PROTECTION
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
HIGHLY REACTIVE, EXPLOSIVE AND HIGHLY HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
PROCEDURES
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BIOSAFETY IN LABORATORIES
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STANDARD PRACTICES BIOSAFETY LEVEL 1
STANDARD PRACTICES BIOSAFETY LEVEL 2
STANDARD PRACTICES BIOSAFETY LEVEL 3
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN
BIOSAFETY PPE
INSTITUTIONAL BIOSAFETY COMMITTEE (IBC)
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RESEARCH WITH HUMAN AND ANIMAL SUBJECTS
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ANIMAL RESEARCH PROCEDURES
COMMON INJURIES AND CONCERNS WORKING WITH ANIMALS
ANIMAL BIOSAFETY LEVEL 1
ANIMAL BIOSAFETY LEVEL 2
ANIMAL BIOSAFETY LEVEL 3
HUMAN RESEARCH POLICIES
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FOOD LABORATORIES
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FOOD SAFETY HAZARDS
FOOD ALLERGENS
FOOD LAB PROCEDURES
FOOD LAB PPE
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COMPRESSED GASES
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LABORATORY SAFETY EQUIPMENT
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EMERGENCY SHOWERS, DRENCH HOSES AND EYE WASH STATIONS
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
FIRST AID KITS
LABORATORY HAZARD SIGNS, DOOR POSTINGS, AND OTHER SIGNS
MECHANICAL PIPETTING AIDS
SHARPS CONTAINERS AND GLASS BOXES
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LABORATORY ACCESS AND SECURITY
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PROPERTY LOSS
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Chemical Hygiene & Safety Policies
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LOCKOUT/TAGOUT AND VERIFICATION
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OFF-SITE FIELD RESEARCH SAFETY
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TRIP PLANNING
MEDICAL CARE
TRAVEL PLAN / FIELD TRIP INSURANCE
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COMPRESSED GASSES AND CRYOGENICS
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RADIATION SAFETY
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NON-IONIZING RADIATION SAFETY
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EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
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OVERALL OBJECTIVES
EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
LABORATORY SHUTDOWN PROCEDURES
MEDICAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
FIRE OR EXPLOSION
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ACCIDENT PROCEDURES
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STUDENT/GUEST INCIDENT REPORTING
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING
OCCURRENCE REPORTING
CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL OR RADIOACTIVE SPILLS
EXPOSURE TO A BLOODBORNE PATHOGEN
LACERATION OR PUNCTURE WOUNDS
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LAB GUESTS / VISITORS
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WASTE DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
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CHEMICAL WASTE
BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE
LIQUIDS
SOLIDS
RADIOACTIVE WASTE
LIQUIDS
SOLIDS
MIXED WASTE
GLASS
PAPER AND PLASTIC
OTHER WASTES
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Chemical Hygiene & Safety Policies
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NONCOMPLIANCE PROCEDURES
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ACADEMIC LABORATORY CLASSES
1ST VIOLATION
2ND VIOLATION
3RD VIOLATION
RESEARCH LABORATORIES & FIELD WORK
1ST VIOLATION
2ND VIOLATION
3RD VIOLATION
LABORATORY AUDIT NONCOMPLIANCE
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DEFINITIONS
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REFERENCES
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APPENDIX
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APPENDIX 1 - SITE-SPECIFIC TRAINING RECORD
LAB SUPERVISOR SITE-SPECIFIC TRAINING CHECKLIST
APPENDIX 2 – SAFETY REVIEW CHECKLIST
APPENDIX 3 – LAB HAZARD ANALYSIS
APPENDIX 4 - INCOMPATIBLE AND REACTIVE CHEMICAL HAZARDS
APPENDIX 5 - HIGHLY REACTIVE CHEMICALS
APPENDIX 6 - LIST OF SHOCK SENSITIVE CHEMICALS
APPENDIX 7 – CARCINOGENIC / TERATOGEN CHEMICALS / REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS
APPENDIX 8 - RESTRICTED CHEMICALS AND PRIOR APPROVAL
APPENDIX 9 – UNDERSTANDING A MSDS
APPENDIX 10 - SAFETY CHECKLIST FOR COMPRESSED GASES
APPENDIX 11 – MODEL EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN
POLICY
1. PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION
2. EMPLOYEE EXPOSURE DETERMINATION
3. METHODS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTROL
3.A UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
3.B TRAINING ON EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN
3.C ENGINEERING CONTROLS AND WORK PRACTICES
3.D PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
3.E HOUSEKEEPING
3.F LAUNDRY
3.G LABELS
3.H TASK PROCEDURES
4. HEPATITIS B VACCINATION
5. POST-EXPOSURE EVALUATION AND FOLLOW-UP
6. EMPLOYEE TRAINING
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8 RECORDKEEPING
8.A MEDICAL RECORDS
8.B NEEDLESTICK RECORDS
8.C OSHA RECORD KEEPING
9 HEPATITIS B VACCINE DECLINATION (MANDATORY)
APPENDIX 12 – FOOD LABORATORY DESIGNATION
APPENDIX 13 – NON-COMPLIANCE REPORT
APPENDIX 14 – GENERAL INJURY REPORT
APPENDIX 15 – WASTE REGULATIONS SUMMARY
APPENDIX 16 – COMMON ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS
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College of Life Sciences Chemical Hygiene & Safety Plan
Introduction
University policy promotes a safe, healthy environment for its faculty, students, and visitors. Risk
Management and Safety and the campus Safety Committees have established safety guidelines and
standards. These guidelines are based on applicable health and safety laboratory standards
promulgated by Federal and State agencies including OSHA’s Laboratory Standard (29 C.F.R. §
1910.1450), Bloodborne Pathogens Standard (29 C.F.R. § 1910.1030), Hazard Communications Standard
(29 C.F.R. § 1910.1200), Personal Protective Equipment Standards (29 C.F.R. § 1910.132, 29 C.F.R. §
1910.133, 29 C.F.R. § 1910.134), and other specific standards where applicable. Personnel working in
laboratories are expected to conduct themselves in a responsible manner that will uphold these
guidelines. Effective laboratory safety depends on each individual’s effort in working to eliminate
unsafe acts and conditions.
President Kevin J Worthen, 2014
“Brigham Young University has, does, and will always strive to create a community in which
all requirements applicable to our campus are stringently met. Regardless of your place and
responsibility at this great university, come and learn of the compliance requirements which
concern you and integrate them into all your assignments”
Prudent Practices
“Laboratory personnel realize that the welfare and safety of each individual depends on clearly defined
attitudes of teamwork and personal responsibility and that laboratory safety is not simply a matter of
materials and equipment but also of processes and behaviors. Learning to participate in this culture of
habitual risk assessment, experiment planning, and consideration of worst-case possibilities—for oneself
and one’s fellow workers—is as much part of a scientific education as learning the theoretical
background of experiments or the step-by-step protocols for doing them in a professional manner.”
PRUDENT PRACTICES IN THE LABORATORY: Handling and Management of Chemical Hazards,
The National Academies Press, 2011
Principles of Biosafety
“The principles of biosafety introduced in 1984 are containment and risk assessment. The fundamentals
of containment include the microbiological practices, safety equipment, and facility safeguards that
protect laboratory workers, the environment, and the public from exposure to infectious microorganisms
that are handled and stored in the laboratory. Risk assessment is the process that enables the
appropriate selection of microbiological practices, safety equipment, and facility safeguards that can
prevent laboratory-associated infections (LAI).”
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BIOSAFETY IN MICROBIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL LABORATORIES (BMBL) 5TH EDITION: U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, Revised December 2009
Purpose, Scope and Responsibilities
Purpose
This Safety and Chemical Hygiene Plan is to assist faculty and students in becoming aware and
accountable for procedures and precautions that must be taken to prevent injury and other potential
hazards associated with working in the College of Life Sciences laboratories at Brigham Young University,
Provo, Utah.
This college plan establishes the minimum requirements and procedures that individuals working in
laboratories or using hazardous materials must use to protect people and property from the physical
and health hazards associated with the storage, handling, and use of hazardous materials as outlined in
the University Laboratory and Chemical Safety Program (BYU LSCP). It is intended that all principal
investigators and/or others who have primary responsibility for laboratories within the college will
ensure implementation of the provisions outlined in this plan and of the BYU LCSP where applicable.
Scope
This Chemical Hygiene and Safety Plan is for all College of Life Sciences laboratories on BYU campus. It
applies to all individuals who enter, work, or perform activities in any College laboratory, workplace, or
area where relatively small quantities of multiple chemicals (as defined in 29 C.F.R. § 1910.1450(b)) or
biological or radioactive materials are manipulated or used on a non-production basis; where the
containers used for reactions, transfers, and other handling of substances are designed to be safely
manipulated by one person; and where protective laboratory practices and equipment are available and
in common use.
Individual laboratories within the college should have their own Chemical Hygiene and Safety Plan in
accordance with OSHA 1910.1450 and OSHA 1910.1030, but may use this document as a reference if it is
modified where appropriate. As such, questions regarding potential hazards should be addressed to the
laboratory principal investigator (PI) or laboratory supervisor.
Responsibilities
Each individual faculty member is responsible for implementing University health and safety policies in
his/her laboratory. The College Safety and Compliance Coordinator will assist faculty in complying with
existing health and safety policies by working with the Department Chairs, Directors, designated
Department Safety Coordinators, and individual faculty members. Risk Management and Safety (RM&S)
is available to provide additional training, consultation, and technical assistance. Specific responsibilities
are outlined below.
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College Safety and Compliance Coordinator
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Assists each faculty member in implementing University safety and health policies.
Conducts informal lab inspections to promote compliance with existing policies. (refer to
Appendix 2 for a safety review list)
Reports accidents and potential safety problems to department, college, and university
stakeholders.
Communicates information on health and safety policies to faculty and staff.
Conducts safety training sessions for students and visitors.
Assists laboratory personnel with evaluating, preventing and controlling hazards.
Review the Chemical Hygiene and Safety Plan annually for the college.
Department Chairs
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Designates a department safety coordinator.
Reviews safety and compliance audits of all teaching and research laboratories within their
departments.
Review and approve use of restricted chemical or biological materials. Including highly toxic,
explosive, unstable, highly reactive, regulated, or otherwise dangerous chemicals used in their
respective departments. (Refer to appendix 8)
Enforce laboratory safety through implementing findings of annual lab inspections by Risk
Management and, if necessary, disciplinary actions for continued non-compliance.
Principal Investigator and/or Laboratory Supervisor
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Implements health and safety policies within their laboratory (both teaching and research) that
pertain specifically to their lab.
Develops written safety procedures in the form of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
applicable to their research and workers.
Mandate laboratory practices that reduce the potential for exposure to hazards. (Refer to
Appendix 3 for a risk analysis form)
Inform all laboratory staff and students of the potential hazards associated with laboratory
operations and procedures for dealing with accidents.
Ensure laboratory workers have appropriate safety training. Ensure that all training is
documented. (Refer to Appendix 1 for documentation form)
Responsible for guest safety in their laboratory. Ensure guests are accompanied and they wear
appropriate personal protective equipment and are aware of hazards specific to the laboratory.
Reports all accidents and safety problems to the Department and College Safety Coordinators.
(Refer to Appendix 13 for non-compliance report)
Investigate near misses and/or accidents that occur in the laboratory and revise written SOP(s)
as necessary to prevent future accidents.
Notify the College Safety Coordinator if you encounter a need for safety equipment that you
cannot address.
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Request necessary approval for the use of restricted chemicals from Risk Management. (Refer to
Appendix 8)
Maintain pertinent Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP), and
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) in the laboratory.
Ensure that appropriate positive and negative consequences are used to establish expectations
and encourage appropriate employee behaviors.
Employees and Students (Graduate Students, Teaching & Research Assistants,
Undergraduate Students)
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Read, understand, and follow safety and health guidelines as outlined by RM&S, the College, the
Department, and the Laboratory supervisor.
Attend health and safety training sessions conducted online or in-person.
Utilize all hazard controls/safety procedures provided by the Principal Investigator/Lab
Supervisor.
Ask the appropriate resource if they are unsure of any safety or compliance rule or procedure.
How to respond to an emergency situation.
Understand that they are ultimately responsible for their own safety.
Report accidents, unhealthy, and unsafe conditions to the faculty supervisor, Department Safety
Coordinator, College Safety Coordinator and/or RM&S. (Refer to Appendix 13 for noncompliance report)
Notify the faculty supervisor of any preexisting health conditions that could lead to serious
health situations in the laboratory or during fieldwork / class trips.
Risk Management and Safety
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Provides technical guidance on matters of laboratory safety.
Oversees the university waste disposal program including pickup and disposal or regulated
laboratory wastes.
Maintain academic laboratory chemical inventory database.
Inspects laboratories to assure compliance with safety and health guidelines and regulations,
and to assist with remediation of safety issues.
Coordinates clean-up operations in the event of chemical or biological spills or other
contamination.
Oversees the adoption and implementation of all University health and safety policies.
Oversees the purchase and/or use of regulated materials including (Refer to Appendix 5-8) :
- Select Agents and Toxins (as defined by the USDA/HHS National Select Agent Registry)
- Highly Toxic substances (as defined in 29 C.F.R. § 1910.1200)
- Pyrophoric substances (as defined in 29 C.F.R. § 1910.1200)
- Explosives (DOT Hazard Class 1 materials)
- Compressed toxic gases (DOT Hazard Class 2.3 materials)
- Select carcinogens (as defined in 29 C.F.R. § 1910.1450)
- Radioactive materials
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BSL-2 and BSL-3 biological agents
Peroxides (See NFPA 432 (2002) Appendix B, Class I & II formulations)
Safety Training Requirements
Requirements
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OSHA regulation 29 C.F.R. § 1910.1450, Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in
Laboratories (“Lab Standard”)
OSHA regulation 29 C.F.R. § 1910.1200 (b)(3), Hazard Communication
General Duty Clause contained in Section 5 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
OSHA regulation 29 C.F.R. § 1910.132, Personal Protective Equipment General Requirements
Specific Chemical Hazards
o OSHA regulation 29 C.F.R. § 1910.1048, Formaldehyde
OSHA regulation 29 C.F.R. § 1910.1030, Bloodborne Pathogens
NRC regulation 10 C.F.R. § 20, Standard for protection against radiation
General Laboratory Safety Training
PI/Lab supervisors are responsible to know the hazards of their work area(s), both the obvious dangers
and those that may be brought about by inexperienced workers. The PI/Lab Supervisor will outline a
safety training plan based on the hazards determined in their lab. The PI/Lab Supervisor is responsible
for maintaining safety training records for those working/enrolled for their lab. Safety training will
include general laboratory safety, safe working practices, and safety rules specific to the labs.
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Confirm individuals (students, lab personnel) have taken and passed Life Sciences General Lab
Safety Training available on ytrain.
Ensure individuals receive specific training for use of particularly hazardous substances or
equipment like: select carcinogens, reproductive toxins, substances with a high degree of acute
toxicity, biological hazards, radioactive isotopes, high powered lasers, and strong magnetic fields
etc.
The PI determines what other training needs to be performed and documented. See Appendix 1
for site-specific training documentation form.
General Safety Awareness
PI/Lab supervisors are responsible to discuss safety issues in their regularly scheduled laboratory
meetings. If regularly scheduled meetings are not held, PI/Lab supervisors are responsible to hold
periodic safety meetings with their personnel. Continuing safety education and awareness should
include familiarity with this document and safety topics applicable to SOPs specific for each lab. It
should also include discussion of any injuries, spills or near misses that have occurred in their lab. The
college safety officer can help conduct safety meetings upon request.
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Personnel are responsible to:
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Know and observe approved safety rules and procedures for their work area.
Report any unsafe conditions or practices as soon as possible to the immediate supervisor for
corrective action
Wear and/or use personal protective equipment, as required, in the performance of job duties.
Inspect work areas and equipment daily to keep them in proper operating condition.
Develop and maintain a safe working attitude.
Set a safe example for co-workers.
Avoid taking chances or unnecessary risks.
Safety policies outlined by the College and the laboratory supervisor must be adhered to. To help with
observance of these policies, general laboratory safety procedures and laboratory equipment have been
outlined below. Please note that this is not a comprehensive list and consult with your supervisor for
safety procedures specific for your area.
 Know the materials you are working with (e.g., chemical, biological, radioactive): Refer to
written laboratory protocols and review the MSDS information for all chemicals with which you
will be working.
 Know where the MSDS folder, safety shower, eye wash, fire extinguisher, and other safety
equipment are located before you start working in the laboratory.
 Know the emergency procedures in your area (e.g., escape routes, assembly areas, etc.).
 Always wear appropriate clothing (e.g., long pants, closed-toe shoes) and personal protective
equipment (e.g., safety glasses, lab coats, gloves) in the laboratory. Remove personal
protective equipment before leaving the laboratory.
 When working with hazardous biological materials use an appropriate biological safety cabinet
(BSC2/3).
 Use a chemical fume hood when working with toxic or volatile chemicals.
 Always use appropriate pipetting devices. Mouth pipetting is prohibited.
 No eating, drinking, preparing food, storing food, or applying cosmetics in the laboratory.
 Keep work areas clean and uncluttered at all times.
 Wash your hands before leaving the lab.
 Avoid touching face while wearing gloves as well as personal cell phones or other items.
 Children under the age of 12 are not permitted in laboratories.
 Do not operate centrifuges, autoclaves, or other equipment without permission and adequate
prior training.
 Do not work alone in the lab when possible.
Chemical Hygiene Plan
One of the most important components of a laboratory safety program is chemicals management. The
OSHA Laboratory Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1450 requires “a written program developed and implemented
by the employer which sets forth procedures, equipment, and personal protective equipment and work
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practices that are capable of protecting employees from the health hazards presented by hazardous
chemicals used in that particular workplace.”
As the foundation of the laboratory safety program, the college Chemical Hygiene Plan will be reviewed
and updated, as needed, on an annual basis by the college safety officer. Updates will include changes
in policies and personnel as stated by OSHA. Each PI is responsible to review and update their
laboratory CHP annually.
Topics included in a Chemical Hygiene Plan:
 Standard operating procedures
 Individual responsibilities for chemical hygiene
 Safety rules and regulations
 Biological safety
 Personal apparel and PPE
 Safety equipment
 Laboratory housekeeping
 Laboratory equipment
 Compressed gas safety
 Facility design and laboratory ventilation
 Chemical management
 Criteria to reduce chemical exposures
 Chemical waste policies
 Emergency action plan (EAP) for accidents and spills
 Emergency preparedness and facility security issues
 Required training
 Medical and environmental or exposure monitoring
 Radiation and non-ionizing radiation safety
CHPs shall be readily available to employees.
Housekeeping
Good housekeeping is one of the most important factors in a safe laboratory. Clutter may result in
spills, falls, and broken glassware. DO NOT store combustible material like boxes and unnecessary
papers that can fuel a fire and keep it burning. DO NOT block sprinklers.
Keep hoods, floors, workbenches, sinks, cabinets, and shelves free of clutter. Keep in mind that for most
laboratories, custodial crews will only clean the floor and empty trash bins. It is the responsibility of
laboratory personnel to clean workbenches, hoods, and sinks.
Chemical Procurement
Before ordering chemicals discuss the need with your supervisor. If you only need a small amount to test
a new protocol, check to see if another faculty member has the material before ordering. OSHA strongly
recommends the lab PI and lab personnel involved with using a material know information on proper
handling, storage, and disposal of a substance prior to ordering and receiving. All information regarding
specifics of chemicals is found in the MSDS. Additionally, no container should be accepted without an
adequate identifying label. Shipments with damage such as breakage and leakage should be refused or
opened in a hood by the college safety officer.
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Chemical Storage
Store chemicals according to the Chemical Hygiene Plan and information listed on the Material Safety
Data Sheet (MSDS). Remember to utilize storage units designed for flammable materials (e.g.,
flammable solvents exceeding 5 gallons) and ventilated cabinets as needed. Be alert for possible
incompatible combinations of chemicals (e.g., oxidizers with flammables) when organizing and storing.
See Appendix 2 for a list of incompatible chemicals. Chemicals should not be stored on bench tops,
desks, floors, or hoods. Use only laboratory-safe, flammable material refrigerators for storage of
chemicals. Never store items for human consumption in chemical or biological storage refrigerators.
Chemical Handling
MSDS sheets are the resource for important information about handling chemicals. A comprehensive
file of MSDSs must be kept in the laboratory or be readily accessible online to all employees during all
work shifts. Reading and following MSDSs should be part of the training of laboratory personnel.
Familiarization of appropriate PPE that should be worn when handling a chemical is a must. Additionally,
ensure that the ventilation will be adequate to handle the chemicals in the laboratory.
Chemical Inventories
A current inventory of chemicals used or stored in the laboratory is to be available. (see
http://risk.byu.edu/apps/inventory). Keep chemicals organized and away from work areas (benches,
hoods, and desks) in order to provide smooth inventory checking and work flow.
MSDS’s for all chemicals used or stored in a laboratory will be available. The MSDS will provide
necessary information to emergency personnel in the event of an incident. (see Appendix 9 for MSDS
information.) Chemicals Management personnel are responsible for maintaining and updating chemical
inventories for the university. Chemicals Management’s inventory updates are performed annually. The
laboratory should keep their own updated freezer and fridge inventory and fill in new chemicals not on
the inventory list and remove chemicals that are used or sent for disposal.
Chemical Spills
Principal Investigators are responsible for ensuring that spills are cleaned up in a timely manner. PI’s
should ensure all laboratory workers know how to prevent and clean spills. Spill containment kits for
the types of chemicals used in the laboratory will be accessible.
Please contact Risk Management and Safety, if additional assistance is needed.
 Simple steps to reduce the likelihood of spills
o Eliminate clutter in the work area
o Know proper work practices for the materials you use
o Always use unbreakable, suitably large secondary containers when transporting
chemicals
o Store chemicals in a location where they will not be broken
o Dispose of waste excess chemicals in a timely manner
Nuisance Spills
A nuisance spill is less than four liters of a non-hazardous material.
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Nuisance Spill Procedure:
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Alert others in immediate area of spill
Assess the hazard of spill
Wear additional personal protective equipment appropriate for clean-up
Avoid breathing vapors from the spill
Confine spill to small area and absorb with absorbent material
Clean spill area with soap and water
Dispose all contaminated materials properly
Potentially Hazardous Spills
A potentially hazardous spill is greater than four liters of a known material or a smaller spill of more
dangerous material (e.g. unknowns, LD50 less than 50mg/kg, LC50 less than 200ppm, unknown toxicity,
carcinogens, flammable metals, radioactive material, biohazards).
Potentially Hazardous Spill Procedure:
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Attend to injured or contaminated person(s) (if area is safe). Remove them from further
exposure unless they are not in harm’s way and need medical attention. Do not move
anyone who may need medical attention unless their life safety is in question.
Alert others in immediate area to evacuate the lab
Close doors to affected area
Assess the hazard of spill
Turn off heat and ignition sources if spill is flammable
Call Risk Management (2-4468) or BYU Police at 2-2222
A person knowledgeable to the incident and the laboratory should stay to assist Risk
Management personnel.
Laboratory Exhaust Hoods
Laboratory hoods are designed to protect the individual from exposure to chemical hazards. Fume
hoods are the most important components used to protect laboratory personnel from exposure to
hazardous chemicals and agents. (Note: chemical exhaust hoods should not be used when working with
biological agents. Use a biosafety cabinet instead). Large volumes of air are drawn through the face and
out the top into an exhaust duct to contain and remove contaminants from the laboratory. A welldesigned hood, when properly installed and maintained, offers a substantial degree of protection to the
user and other people in the laboratory. Protection is contingent on proper use and understanding the
limitations.
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NOTE: Chemicals should not be stored in a hood. Where available cabinets below the hood are
designed for chemical storage.
Variable Air Volume Chemical Fume Hoods
All exhaust hoods are designed to protect workers from chemical vapors and to optimize the air flow
required to do this job. Use the hoods correctly or they will not give you the protection that you are
expecting. If your head is in the hood, you are not protected from the fumes in the hood–you are in the
fumes!
If you have the sash up and the sliding glass doors open, you are exposing yourself to the fumes you are
trying to avoid!
All chemical fume hoods are designed for 100 lineal feet-per-minute face velocity when in use. In some
hoods, air speed settings can be increased or decreased for special requirements.
Snorkel Fume Exhausts
The snorkels installed in some labs are adjustable devices, and each unit is furnished with a "normallyclosed-when-not-in-use" butterfly valve. Some of these valves may be accessible only above the ceiling
tile and are not intended for frequent changes. The flexible ducting is stainless steel. Other flexible
ducting can be installed if needed.
Specialty Hoods for Particularly Hazardous Substances
Various types of hoods are designated for specific hazardous substances. A few of these substances are:
perchloric acid, fluorine, and select carcinogens.
Perchloric acid hoods are stainless steel hoods with a special wash-down feature that allows for the safe
removal of any organic perchlorates that may have formed in the course of perchloric acid digestions.
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The hood is designed to have a completely separate venting. All waste generated while working in this
hood needs to be handled through Materials Management (2-6452). Do not pour waste into the drain
or the water wash system of the hood!
A fluorine hood is for working with fluorine gas. It is a stainless steel hood with completely separate
venting designed to prevent the mixing of the fluorine gas with any other materials. Such mixing could
result in an explosion due to incompatibilities.
Biosafety cabinets
Biological Safety Cabinets (BSCs) are the primary means of containment developed for working safely
with infectious microorganisms. Like a chemical flow hood, BSCs are designed to provide personal
protection for the lab worker. BSCs create a sterile work environment and also provide additional
protection for the environment because of HEPA filters located in the housing of the cabinet that all air
is filtered through before leaving the cabinet area. Three kinds of biological safety cabinets, designated
as Class I, II and III, have been developed to meet varying research and clinical needs. The college uses
Class II cabinets that are recommended for biosafety level 1, 2 and 3 organisms.
An online training course, Biosafety Cabinet Training, for the use of biosafety cabinets can be accessed
through the life sciences catalog on the ytrain website. http://ytrain.byu.edu. This training should be
completed before using a BSC.
Blower Control Switch
Alarm Switch
Light Switch
UV Light Switch
Inspection Sticker
BSC Type
Vertical Sash
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Do not use a BSC without the blower switched on and the sash at the proper operating height. Doing so
will allow escape of biological materials into the room putting you and your lab personnel at risk for
infection.
Biosafety cabinets should not be used when working with chemical reagents. Chemical vapors or gasses
could damage the HEPA filters compromising the integrity of the cabinets.
Each BSC must be routinely inspected and tested by trained personnel appointed by the college and
recertified annually to maintain proper operational integrity.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
All personnel are responsible to wear the required PPE for their work area. Supervisors are responsible
to establish, and in some cases provide, the types of PPE necessary to safely perform the work.
Lab personnel will be asked to leave the lab if proper PPE is not being worn.
PI’s will monitor personnel’s wearing of the appropriate safety PPE. See the BYU PPE Program for
guidance identifying hazards and selecting appropriate PPE:
http://risk.byu.edu/safety/docs/PPEProgram.pdf
This policy and warning about proper PPE applies in all teaching and research laboratories within the
College where chemicals are used or stored.
Follow the list of questions to determine the type(s) of PPE necessary for any given laboratory activity.
 What Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is necessary?
 When is the PPE to be used?
 How to put on, take off, or otherwise adjust the PPE?
 Any limitations of the PPE?
 How long the PPE will last (useful life)?
 How to properly care for, maintain, replace and dispose of the PPE?
The following should be used as a guideline for obtaining safety PPE:
 Where REQUIRED, the PI or Lab Supervisor will provide the following safety apparel items
(the laboratory obtains them at its expense and the items remain on University premises):
o Aprons/Lab coats
o Face shields
o Hearing Protection Devices
o Laser safety glasses
o Protective Gloves (welding gloves, mesh gloves for cutting, cryogenic gloves, rubber
gloves, etc.)
o Respiratory Protection Devices: Risk Management provides all respirators where
they are needed on campus. The BYU Respiratory Protection program is
administered through Risk Management. Contact Risk Management for an
evaluation, training and proper fit testing of respirators.
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Safety apparel – responsibility of employee if it is determined to be required by the hazard
assessment
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Foot Protection; individuals are responsible for their own shoes/boots
Laboratory coats
Latex or nitrile gloves (for teaching labs)
Safety goggles
NOTE: This list is not all inclusive
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Personnel who prefer to use fitted safety apparel/equipment that is recommended BUT
NOT REQUIRED are responsible to obtain the apparel/equipment at their own expense:
o Safety glasses (prescription/non-prescription)
o Safety Shoes
o Gloves (except those provided by the laboratory)
NOTE: This list is not all inclusive.
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If an individual does not wear or disables the required safety apparel or equipment, the
supervisor is responsible to take appropriate disciplinary action. When disciplinary action is
necessary, the supervisor should contact the department or college safety officer for the
proper procedures.
Supervisors who do NOT monitor lab personnel wear/use of the appropriate required safety
apparel, or do not discipline those who do NOT wear/use the appropriate safety
apparel/equipment may also be subject to discipline.
Eye and Face Protection
Wear safety glasses, goggles, or face shields when working with corrosive materials or other hazardous
or infectious substances that can splash into the eyes. The type of eye protection required depends on
the hazard. It is the responsibility of individual students to wear adequate protective eyewear as
specified in the protocol being performed.
For persons requiring corrective lenses, over-the-glasses style safety spectacles are available. Contact
lenses may be worn in most lab environments provided that the same approved eye protection is worn
as required. If chemical vapors or corrosive or irritant liquids contact the eyes while wearing contact
lenses, these steps should be followed:
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Continuously flush the eyes with water holding eyes open for at least 15 minutes.
o Remove the lenses after flushing begins.
o Seek medical attention.
Gloves
Wear gloves made of the appropriate material (e.g. nitrile, latex, vinyl gloves) when handling chemical or
biological hazards in the laboratory. Refer to the MSDS and the SOP or procedure for the specified type
of gloves.
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Always wear disposable gloves when handling human blood, human blood products, or
other human or animal body fluids or tissues.
Wear gloves when handling or mixing any mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, toxic, or
other hazardous compound (see Appendix 7 for OSHA list of known carcinogens).
Double gloving is strongly encouraged when working with blood products and hazardous
chemicals not compatible with the glove type.
Remove used gloves properly and dispose in designated receptacles in the laboratory.
Wash hands with soap and warm water for at least 15 sec immediately after removing
gloves.
For additional information on the type of gloves needed for a procedure, visit the glove
information section of the RM website. http://risk.byu.edu/safety/Gloves.php
Nitrile, cut resistant gloves
forlaboratory use
DISPOSABLE PLASTIC NOT acceptable!
Note: Do Not Wear Disposable Gloves Outside Of Laboratory Areas
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Do not wear contaminated gloves in public areas of the building. The gloves may carry
contaminates which can expose non-laboratory workers, visitors, and students to the very
hazards that require gloves in the first place.
Even if your gloves are clean, bystanders may question whether or not those gloves are
contaminated. Therefore, we adopt the common protocol of removing gloves each time we
leave our laboratory area.
Laboratory Coats and Aprons
Laboratory coats and aprons may be required depending on the type of work being performed. Remove
coats and aprons prior to leaving the laboratory. Properly fitting lab coats (not too large or too small)
are essential for lab safety. The cuff is off the sleeve not extending past your wrist.
Lab coats should be laundered at least once a semester or when they become dirty. Lab coats can be
laundered by BYU laundry services. Lab coat contaminated with biohazardous substances should be
placed in a biohazard bag before transporting to laundry (881 W 1700N) for cleaning. Request high
temperature rinse for these items. Check with your lab PI about laundering policies.
Other Protective Clothing
All personnel must wear closed toe shoes (not open sandals) while in laboratories. Long pants are also
required in all labs where chemicals or other hazardous materials are used or stored. Loose-fitting or
hanging clothing (ties or scarfs) are not recommended. Long hair should be pulled back away from the
face and secured behind the head.
Never wear shorts or sandals into a laboratory. They do not provide adequate protection for students
or researchers working with chemicals or other hazardous materials. Jewelry and ties can be a hazard,
become caught on equipment or keep chemicals in close contact with the skin.
This policy applies in all teaching and research laboratories within the College where chemicals are used
or stored.
Hearing Protection
Risk Management oversees the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) Hearing Conservation
Program, and, with the assistance of the Hearing and Speech Laboratory, monitors the noise exposure
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levels in campus buildings. Risk Management works with Media Services to monitor noise levels at
special events. Supervisors are required to ensure that proper hearing protection is used, where
necessary. Call the Risk Management department about the Hearing Conservation Program (422-4468).
Noise induced hearing loss in the work place is an ever-increasing problem. Typically laboratories do not
have problems with excessive noise produced by lab equipment but if you need to raise your voice to
speak to someone standing next to you then hearing protection may be required. Disposable earplugs
or earmuffs provide substantial protection in reducing exposure to high levels of noise.
Before inserting earplugs wash your hands. Roll the end of the earplug into a small rod-like shape and
gently insert the plug into your ear canal. Wait a few seconds for the plug to expand and get a good fit.
Ear muffs come in a variety of styles, shapes and sizes. They protect against noise by completely
covering the outer ear. It is important to find one that fits comfortably. Test several types and sizes to
assure they fit over your outer ear.
Controlled substances
The BYU Controlled Substances program applies to all Brigham Young University faculty, administrators,
staff and students who use controlled substances for academic and/or research purposes, with the
exception of Athletics and the Student Health Center. This includes, but is not limited to the use of
controlled substances in animal research. This program does not apply to the medical use of controlled
substances prescribed by a physician.
The controlled substances program involves the following main elements.
 Licenses: Each Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) license will carry both the name of the
respective department and the name of the responsible faculty member. Each PI using
controlled substances for research purposes will obtain a professional license from the State
of Utah division of DEA permitting the possession and use of those controlled substances.
 Security: Each PI possessing controlled substances will institute security measures including
secure storage locations, checks of people allowed access to the drugs, and restricted access
to laboratories housing the controlled substances.
 Records: The PI will maintain records of controlled substance purchases, use, and
inventories. Each year the PI will measure or count all Schedule I or Schedule II drugs stored
in the laboratory. (See http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules for a current list of
controlled substances and scheduling actions.)
 Training: Training on pertinent regulations, laws, and the BYU Controlled Substance Program
will be given to all individuals given access to controlled substances. The PI will ensure
documentation of all training of controlled substances.
 University Oversight: Once every two years the University Research Safety/Controlled
Substance Officer will complete a controlled substance program review. This will include
physical inventory checks, records review as well as security assessments.
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BYU’s written Controlled Substance Policy may be down loaded from the ORCA website under: Policies
& Reports. http://orca.byu.edu/policies/
Highly Reactive, Explosive and Highly Hazardous Chemicals
A hazardous chemical is any element, chemical compound, or mixture of elements and/or compounds
which presents a physical hazard and/or a health hazard. If you are not sure if a chemical you are using
is hazardous, review the MSDS and applicable reference books, or contact your PI, supervisor,
instructor, or the College Safety Officer.
The OSHA Laboratory Standard requires Chemical Hygiene Plans to include information on “the
circumstances under which a particular laboratory operation, procedure or activity shall require prior
approval”, including “provisions for additional employee protection for work with particularly hazardous
substances” such as "select carcinogens, reproductive toxins, and substances which have a high degree
of acute toxicity.
Prior approval ensures that the laboratory workers have received the proper training on the hazards of
particularly hazardous substances. The laboratory must have the facilities to properly use and store the
hazardous substance. All safety considerations will be taken into account BEFORE a particularly
hazardous substance is ordered. Refer the items MSDS for information on storage and handling.
Additional information can be found on the OSHA Safety and Health Topics for Hazardous and Toxic
Substances webpage.
Procedures
In most cases, the label will indicate if the chemical is hazardous. Look for key words like caution,
hazardous, toxic, dangerous, corrosive, irritant, carcinogen, etc. Old containers of hazardous chemicals
(before 1985) may not contain hazard warnings.
The following guidelines apply to reactive, explosive, and highly hazardous chemicals:
1. Consult with Risk Management prior to purchasing or using materials which are
radioactive, biohazardous, particularly toxic, highly energetic, and similar types of
materials. They require special purchasing approvals, handling techniques, storage, and
waste disposal.
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2. A hazard assessment will be done and Standard Operating Procedures written prior to
beginning any activity using hazardous materials. SOPs may be created by departments,
principal investigators, project directors or graduate students. Each SOP should be
project-specific and/or area-specific for the use of hazardous chemicals and hazardous
operations work not specifically covered by this Safety/CHP.
3. The college, department, PI, or Laboratory Supervisor will define which, if any activities,
operations, or procedures require approval before implementation.
4. Minimize the quantity of these materials kept in the work area.
5. An eyewash and safety shower must be readily accessible to areas where hazardous
materials are used and stored. In the event of skin or eye contact with an injurious
material, immediately flush the area of contact with cool water for at least 15 minutes.
Remove all affected clothing. Get medical help.
6. Wear both eye protection and chemical resistant gloves when handling hazardous
materials. A face shield, rubber apron, and other personal protective equipment may
also be appropriate, depending on the work performed. The required safety equipment
will be included in the SOP for the process or experiment.
7. Know the reactivity of the materials involved in the experiment or process. If the
reaction can be violent or explosive, use shields or other methods for isolating the
materials or process.
8. Date all containers of explosive, shock-sensitive, or otherwise unstable materials upon
receipt and when opened. Follow established procedures for timely and acceptable
disposal of unused materials.
NOTE: Refer to Appendixes 5-8 for listing of hazardous, toxic, carcinogenic, shock sensitive, and other
dangerous chemicals.
The OSHA Laboratory Standard requires Chemical Hygiene Plans to include information on “the
circumstances under which a particular laboratory operation, procedure or activity shall require prior
approval”, including “provisions for additional employee protection for work with particularly hazardous
substances” such as "select carcinogens," reproductive toxins, and substances which have a high degree
of acute toxicity.
Prior approval ensures that laboratory workers have received the proper training on the hazards of
particularly hazardous substances or with new equipment, and that safety considerations have been
taken into account BEFORE a new experiment begins.
While Risk Management can provide assistance in identifying circumstances when there should be prior
approval before implementation of a particular laboratory operation, the ultimate responsibility of
establishing prior approval procedures lies with the Principal Investigator or laboratory supervisor.
Principal Investigators or laboratory supervisors must identify operations or experiments that involve
particularly hazardous substances (such as "select carcinogens," reproductive toxins, and substances
which have a high degree of acute toxicity) and highly hazardous operations or equipment that require
prior approval. They must establish the guidelines, procedures, and approval process that would be
required. This information should be documented in the laboratory's or department's SOPs.
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Additionally, Principal Investigators and laboratory supervisors are strongly encouraged to have written
documentation, such as “Prior Approval” forms that are completed and signed by the laboratory worker,
and signed off by the Principal Investigator or laboratory supervisor and kept on file.
Examples where Principal Investigators or laboratory supervisors should consider requiring their
laboratory workers to obtain prior approval include:
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Experiments that require the use of particularly hazardous substances such as "select
carcinogens," reproductive toxins, and substances that have a high degree of acute toxicity,
highly toxic gases, high energy chemicals, etc.
Cryogenic materials and other highly hazardous chemicals or experiments involving
radioactive materials, high powered lasers, etc.
Where a significant change is planned for the amount of chemicals to be used for a routine
experiment such as an increase of 10% or greater in the quantity of chemicals normally
used.
When a new piece of equipment is brought into the lab that requires special training in
addition to the normal training provided to laboratory workers.
Biosafety in Laboratories
Biosafety involves the proper handling of biological agents and materials to limit exposures and reduce
the likelihood of infection and disease, which may result from an exposure. Risk of disease resulting
from a laboratory exposure to biological substances can be significantly reduced with an understanding
of the agent(s), proper handling techniques, and the appropriate PPE. Laboratory biohazards present at
BYU may include bacteria, viruses, fungi and molds, blood, and other bodily fluids. Each may pose a
threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans.
Recombinant DNA is considered a biohazard. When working with rDNA the same precautions must be
followed as described for infectious microorganisms and agents.
Hand washing cannot be over emphasized when it comes to biosafety. Lab employees should wash
their hands prior to beginning and after completing work with biological hazards. Other individuals
working in the vicinity but not directly with a biological hazard should also wash their hands prior to
leaving the laboratory.
All laboratories that contain biohazardous materials of any level will have doors that are able to close
and lock. They must also contain a sink for hand washing. For biosafety level 2 labs and higher the
doors should be self-closing.
Standard practices biosafety level 1
Biosafety level 1 (BSL-1) is suitable for work involving well characterized agents not known to
consistently cause disease in normal healthy adult humans, and present a minimal potential hazard to
laboratory personnel and the environment. The following standard and special practices, safety
equipment and facilities apply as minimum requirements for all laboratories that have biological agents
biosafety level 1 or higher. Access to the laboratory is limited or restricted at the discretion of the
PI/Lab supervisor.
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Lab personnel will wash their hands after handling viable materials, removing gloves, and
before leaving the laboratory.
Eating, drinking, handling contact lenses, applying cosmetics, and storing food for human
use are not permitted in work areas.
Mouth pipetting is prohibited; mechanical pipetting devices are used at all times.
Polices for the handling of sharps are instituted. This includes no manual recapping of
needles and disposal in a sharps container.
Work surfaces are decontaminated at least once a day and after any spill viable material.
All cultures, stocks, and other regulated wastes are disposed of in a proper durable, leak
proof container that is closed prior to removal from the laboratory for decontamination
before disposal.
o Materials to be decontaminated outside of the immediate laboratory must be
placed in a durable, leak proof container and secured for transport.
A biohazard sign must be posted at the entrance to the laboratory whenever infectious
agents are present. Refer to the risk management laboratory sign website:
https://risk.byu.edu/apps/lab_sign/
Laboratory coats, gowns, or uniforms worn to prevent contamination of street clothing is
recommended and will be determined by the PI/Lab supervisor.
Gloves should be worn whenever handling biohazadous material. Glove selection should be
based on an appropriate risk assessment. Alternatives to latex gloves should be available.
o Gloves should be changed when contaminated, when the glove integrity is
compromised, or when otherwise necessary.
o Do not wash or reuse disposable gloves. Dispose of used gloves with other
contaminated laboratory waste.
Protective eyewear should be worn for procedures in which splashes of microorganisms or
other materials is anticipated. Persons who wear contact lenses in laboratories should also
wear eye protection.
The PI/Lab supervisor will ensure that all laboratory personnel receive appropriate training
regarding their duties, the necessary precautions to prevent exposures, and exposure
evaluation procedures. Personnel must receive annual updates or additional training when
procedural or policy changes occur.
Personal health status may impact an individual’s susceptibility to infection, ability to
receive immunizations or prophylactic interventions. Therefore, all laboratory personnel and
particularly women of childbearing age should be provided with information regarding
immune competence and conditions that may predispose them to infection. Individuals
having these conditions should be encouraged to self-identify to the institution’s healthcare
provider for appropriate counseling and guidance.
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Standard practices biosafety level 2
Biosafety level 2 builds upon BSL1 standard practices. BSL-2 is suitable for work involving agents that
pose moderate hazards to personnel and the environment. In addition to all BSL-1 requirements listed
above BSL-2 requirements include:
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All laboratory personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic agents and are
supervised by scientists competent in handling infectious agents and associated procedures
Access to the laboratory is restricted when work is being conducted.
Properly maintained BSCs, or other approved physical containment equipment, must be
used for all procedures in which infectious aerosols or splashes may be created. These
activities may include, but are not limited to:
o Pipetting
o Centrifuging
o Grinding
o Blending
o Shaking
o Mixing
o Sonicating
o Opening containers of infectious materials
o Inoculating animals
o Harvesting infected tissues from animals or eggs.
o Whenever high concentrations or large volumes of infectious agents are used.
A laboratory-specific biosafety manual must be prepared and adopted as policy. The
biosafety manual must be available and accessible in the laboratory.
Potentially infectious materials must be placed in a durable, leak proof container during
collection, handling processing, storage, or transport within the facility.
Laboratory equipment should be routinely decontaminated, as well as, after spills, splashes,
or other potential contamination.
o Equipment must be decontaminated before repair maintenance, or removal from
the laboratory.
Incidents that may result in exposure to infectious materials must be immediately evaluated
and treated according to procedures described in the laboratory biosafety manual. All such
incidents must be reported to the laboratory supervisor and/or the college safety officer.
Medical evaluation, surveillance, and treatment should be provided and appropriate records
maintained.
Animal and plants not associated with the work being performed must not be permitted in
the laboratory.
Laboratory coats, gowns, smocks, or uniforms designated for laboratory use must be worn
while working with hazardous materials. They should be removed before leaving for nonlaboratory areas (e.g. cafeteria, library, student or faculty offices, restrooms.)
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Eye and face protection (goggles, face shield, masks, etc.) is used in rooms containing
infected animals and for anticipated splashes or sprays of infectious or other hazardous
materials.
A spill kit containing a method for decontamination must be maintained and available in the
laboratory area.
Standard practices biosafety level 3
Biosafety Level 3 is applicable to clinical, diagnostic, teaching, research, or production facilities where
work is performed with indigenous or exotic agents that may cause serious or potentially lethal disease
through the inhalation route of exposure. Laboratory personnel must receive specific training in
handling pathogenic and potentially lethal agents, and must be supervised by scientists competent in
handling infectious agents and associated procedures.
All procedures involving the manipulation of infectious materials must be conducted within BSCs or
other physical containment devices.
In addition to all BSL-1 & 2 requirements listed above BSL-3 requirements include:
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Special engineering and design features including negative air pressure, more secure door
locks, and two independent barriers from the general hallway.
Laboratory access is restricted at all times.
The PI/Lab supervisor must ensure that laboratory personnel demonstrate proficiency in
standard and special microbiological practices before working with BSL-3 agents.
All procedures involving the manipulation of infectious materials must be conducted within
a BSC, or other physical containment devices. No work with open vessels is conducted on
the bench. When a procedure cannot be performed within a BSC, a combination of personal
protective equipment and other containment devices, such as a centrifuge safety cup or
sealed rotor must be used.
Workers in the laboratory where protective laboratory clothing with a solid-front, such as
tie-back or wrap-around gowns, scrub suits, or coveralls. Protective clothing is not worn
outside of the laboratory. Reusable clothing is decontaminated before being laundered.
Clothing is changed when contaminated.
The BSL-3 facility design, operational parameters, and procedures must be verified and
documented prior to operation. Facilities must be re-verified and documented at least
annually.
Bloodborne pathogens
Labs in the college may be performing research with human blood or other potentially infected
materials (OPIM) known as bloodborne pathogens which are always classified at BSL2 or higher.
Pathogens may be viruses, bacteria, or other infectious agents transmitted in the blood and known to
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cause disease in humans. There is a potential for workers in these labs to come in contact with
contaminated human blood or body fluids or infected cultures which could result in infection and
disease.
Anyone working with human blood, OPIM, or in laboratories where injury and bleeding is a possibility
should be informed about precautions against contacting bloodborne pathogens. Common pathogens
include Hepatitis B, C, and Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) 1 and 2.
The lab supervisor or Principal Investigator should train and document instructions about biological
hazards in the lab prior to starting work. This training will include an explanation of the epidemiology
and symptoms of the specific bloodborne pathogen in their lab. This is essential in order to reduce the
risk of exposure.
Refer to the college, department, or lab Bloodborne Pathogen Program for complete details and training
requirements.
(https://lifesciences.byu.edu/safety/Compliance_Secure/ComplianceProgram/BloodbournePathogenPro
gram)
Preventative measures include using goggles, gloves, protective clothing, sharps containers, eyewash
stations, and good sanitation measures (e.g. liberal use of a 1:10 dilution of house hold hypochlorite
bleach solution when cleaning up blood or other body fluids; CDC ). Vaccination for Hepatitis B is
recommended prior to working in places with an increased risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens
since about 1 out of 240 people in the US are chronic carriers of Hepatitis B. There is no vaccine for
Hepatitis C which is equally contagious.
If an individual is exposed to infected blood or other body fluids not known to be infected, immediately
contact the lab Supervisor or Principal Investigator and, if needed, emergency responders. If after
consulting with medical personnel an individual chooses to receive HIV-specific, anti-retroviral drugs,
treatment should begin within 2 hours of the estimated time of exposure. BYU Risk Management, BYU
Student Health Center, and Utah Valley Hospital all have protocols for the anti-retroviral treatment.
Basic guidelines for Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens (adapted from the Morbidity and Mortality
Weekly Report for Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens June 29, 2001).
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Provide immediate care to the exposure site
o Wash wounds and skin with soap and water
o Flush mucous membranes with water
o Clean exposed areas (e.g. counter, floor) with bleach
Determine risk associated with exposure by
o Type of fluid (e.g. blood)
o Type of exposure (e.g. inhalation, ingestion, injection, absorption, etc.)
Exposure Control Plan
Each laboratory that works with identified bloodborne pathogens will maintain a current biosafety
manual that identifies the hazards that will or may be encountered, and that specifies practices and
procedures designed to minimize or eliminate exposures to these hazards. This manual will list all
biological agents present in the laboratory and any tasks that fall under the BBP as well as the infection
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symptoms associated with those materials or tasks. Written SOPs will be developed for each procedure
that involves the use of a biological agent.
All labs that have identified Blood or OPIM will maintain and update annually a lab Exposure Control
Plan (ECP) in accordance with the university and college bloodborne pathogen program. See Appendix
11 for the general college ECP which can be modified for departments or individual laboratories.
Each PI/Lab Supervisor will identify those students or job tasks that fall under the scope of the this
program and will be listed in the ECP.
Biosafety PPE
The proper selection and use of PPE is required when working with infectious agents. This is crucial for
reducing risks and preventing diseases caused by an exposure to skin, mucus membranes, or from
puncture wounds. PPE may include eye and face protection, gloves that cover the hand and lower arm,
lab appropriate clothing including long pants, foot ware that covers the entire foot, and if needed
respiratory and UV protection.
Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC)
The Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) supervises the use of recombinant DNA and handles other
biological safety and hazard issues in experiments at BYU. Such use might involve constructing and
handling DNA molecules in organisms. The IBC must review and approve all proposed BSL2 or higher
experiments or recombinant DNA experiments in advance of actual work. Regardless of the funding
source or instructual nature of any recombinant DNA experiments the IBC has jurisdiction.
Refer to the ORCA website for a list of all biological toxins, microorganisms, viruses, and recombinant
projects that fall under IBC jurisdiction. (http://orca.byu.edu/ibc/Forms.php)
Research with human and animal subjects
The Office of Research and Creative Activities (ORCA) is responsible both animal and human subject
research training at BYU. Two committees regulate the use of animal or human subjects during
research: the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and the Institutional Review Board
(IRB).
Animal research procedures
IACUC is required by federal regulation and is intended to ensure appropriate housing, care, and
humane treatment of animals used in research or other academic activities on campus and animal field
studies research performed by University researchers. Refer to the IACUC page on ORCA’s website:
http://orca.byu.edu/iacuc/index.php
All researchers using animals are required to complete an online tutorial (refer to ORCA’s website under
training http://orca.byu.edu/iacuc/Training.php.) Online training is provided by ORCA through the
American Association of Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS) Learning Library. This training is essential
for all researchers and investigators working with animals. The training emphasizes the appropriate
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handling, care, and use of animals. The courses are designed to help meet training mandates of
regulatory agencies and improve technical knowledge. All students and faculty must complete the
designated AALAS training modules before working with animals. This includes the principal
investigator, all co-investigators, research technicians, research assistants, or student assistants who
have interactions with the research animals.
In addition to the animal trainings through AALAS all individuals working with animals, either in the
research lab or in the wild, need to also complete bloodborne pathogens training, chemical training
(specifically formaldehyde or formalin if used as a fixative), and PPE training before work begins.
Common injuries and concerns working with animals
Common health concerns working with research animals include bites and/or scratches, and the
development of skin irritation or contact dermatitis as well as allergies to the research animals or
bedding.
Animal bites or scratches may not appear to be severe but can be significant. Nails and teeth from
animals often contain fecal organisms that may cause infection. Any type of bite or scratch from a wild
animal has the potential to infect with rabies virus. All animal bites or scratches should be immediately
cleaned. Thoroughly wash and scrub the wound with soap, or other disinfectant. Irrigate the washed
area with running water for 5-30 minutes. An authorized medical professional must treat all animal
bites or scratches after immediate first aid response.
Laboratory animal allergies pose a significant risk to individuals who work with animals for an extended
amount of time (generally over 2 years).
 10-44% of people working with lab animals have a pre-existing respiratory allergy
 Up to 73% of persons with pre-existing allergic conditions eventually develop an allergy to
laboratory animals. Symptoms usually evolve over a period of exposure of 1-2 years or more.
 Up to 17% of those will an allergy develop asthma
If you suspect that you are developing an allergy to research animals talk to your supervisor about
receiving a medical evaluation and surveillance.
Animal biosafety level 1
As a general principle, the biosafety level (facilities, practices, and operational requirements)
recommended for working with infectious agents in vivo and in vitro are comparable and have been
outlined in this document previously.
These recommendations presuppose that laboratory animal facilities, operational practices, and quality
of animal care meet applicable standards and regulations and that appropriate species have been
selected for animal experiments.
In addition to standard practices listed for BSL-1, the following standard practices, safety equipment,
and facility requirements apply to ABSL-1 laboratories.
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Prior to beginning a study, animal protocols must also be reviewed and approved by the
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and, where appropriate, the
Institutional Biosafety Committee.
A safety manual specific to the animal facility is prepared or adopted in consultation with
animal facility director and appropriate safety professionals. The safety manual must be
available and accessible.
The supervisor must ensure that animal care, laboratory and support personnel receive
appropriate training regarding their duties, animal husbandry procedures, potential hazards,
manipulations of infectious agents, necessary precautions to prevent exposures, and
hazard/exposure evaluation procedures (physical hazards, splashes, aerosolization, etc.).
Personnel must receive annual updates and additional training when procedures or policies
change. Records are maintained for all hazard evaluations, employee training sessions and
staff attendance.
Animal biosafety level 2
Animal Biosafety Level 2 builds upon the practices, procedures, containment equipment, and facility
requirements of ABSL-1. ABSL-2 is suitable for work involving laboratory animals infected with agents
associated with human disease and pose moderate hazards to personnel and the environment. It also
addresses hazards from ingestion as well as from percutaneous and mucous membrane exposure.
In addition to standard practices listed for BSL-1, BSL-2, and ABSL-1, the following standard practices,
safety equipment, and facility requirements apply to ABSL-2 laboratories.
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Restraint devices and practices that reduce the risk of exposure during animal manipulations
(e.g., physical restraint devices, chemical restraint medications) should be used whenever
possible.
Equipment, cages, and racks should be handled in a manner that minimizes contamination
of other areas. Equipment must be decontaminated before repair, maintenance, or removal
from the areas where infectious materials and/or animals are housed or are manipulated.
Doors to areas where infectious materials and/or animals are housed should be self-closing,
are kept closed when experimental animals are present, and should never be propped open.
Cages should be autoclaved or otherwise decontaminated prior to washing. Mechanical
cage washer should have a final rinse temperature of at least 180°F.
Animal biosafety level 3
Animal Biosafety Level 3 involves practices suitable for work with laboratory animals infected with
indigenous or exotic agents, agents that present a potential for aerosol transmission, and agents causing
serious or potentially lethal disease.
ABSL-3 builds upon the standard practices, procedures, containment equipment, and facility
requirements of ABSL-2. For additional information contact the college safety officer.
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Human research policies
BYU’s IRB is responsible for the review of all human subjects research conducted at BYU or elsewhere by
University faculty, staff, or students. It also reviews research by investigators from other institutions or
agencies who are working in conjunction with BYU in any capacity. See the IRB overview at:
http://orca.byu.edu/irb/
All researchers using human subjects are required to complete an online research tutorial located on
BYU’s IRB website. All students and faculty must complete the IRB tutorial before working with human
subjects. This includes the principal investigator, all co-investigators, research technicians, research
assistants, or student assistants who have contact with the research subjects. A certificate of completion
will be issued at the end of the tutorial. This report must be printed out and kept with protocol
materials.
Food Laboratories
Food laboratories are labs that produce, test, or otherwise handle food intended for human
consumption. Food labs should not contain hazardous or toxic substances as defined by OSHA and CDC
standards. If a lab has a mixture of both food items and hazardous substances as defined by OSHA then
the lab will be regulated under the OSHA Laboratory Standard. See Appendix 12 for a list of labs
regulated as food laboratories.
Production of safe quality food is the primary goal of food laboratories. College polices for food labs are
based on recommendations from the FDA and CDC for minimizing the five identified risk categories that
contribute to foodborne illnesses:
 Food from unsafe sources
 Inadequate cooking
 Improper holding temperatures
 Contaminated equipment
 Poor personal hygiene
Food Safety Hazards
Food safety hazards are biological, chemical or physical property that may cause a food to be unsafe for
human consumption.
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Biological hazards include bacteria, viruses, and parasitictic microorganisms such as E. coli O157,
Listeria, salmonella, Taenia, and Hepatitis A and E.
Chemical hazards may be naturally occurring or may be added during processing of food such as
tetrodoxin, mercury, and PCBs. Refer to the FDA Compliance Policy Guidelines Chapter 5 for a
complete list of common chemical hazards found in food.
Physical hazards are usually caused by foreign objects in food. They can result from
contamination or poor preparation procedures. Examples include, bones, plastic, wood, etc.
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Food Allergens
Food allergies can range from mild to life threatening. A food allergen response is typically
characterized by hives or other itchy rashes, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting and/or diarrhea,
wheezing, shortness of breath, and swelling of various parts of the body. In severe cases, anaphylactic
shock and death my result. Depending on the severity of the allergy, an allergic response can be
produced by direct contact or cross contamination of the allergen.
The FDA has identified the following food allergens that account for 90% of food allergies:
 Milk
 Egg
 Fish (such as bass, flounder, or cod)
 Crustacean shellfish (such as crab, lobster, or shrimp)
 Tree nuts (such as pecans or walnuts)
 Wheat
 Peanuts
 Soybeans
Consumers with food allergies rely heavily on information contained on food labels to avoid food
allergens. All College activities where food is prepared for tasting by students, employees, or volunteers
will provide a list of ingredients upon request and, if possible, provide basic allergy warnings for the
groups listed above.
If a student, employee, or volunteer is exhibiting symptoms of a food allergic response, campus EMS will
be called for consultation (801) 422-2222.
Food Lab Procedures
All College of Life Sciences food labs will have
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SOPs for cooking equipment that poses a cutting or burn hazard such as:
o Cleaning ovens and ranges
o Meat slicers
o Deep fryers
Recipes that contain specific food safety critical limits, such as final cooking temperatures
Cleaning protocols for all equipment and work surfaces
Employee health policy for restricting or excluding ill employees (excluding academic lab
courses)
On-going quality control and assurance
o As defined by the Utah County Health Department and the FDA
IRB approval for all human trials
Record keeping
o Food handling permits where required by the Utah County Department of Health
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Bloodborne pathogen training (where applicable for job title)
Safety training for ovens, ranges, knives, fryers, PPE, etc.
Food Lab PPE
Always check with your lab supervisor about required PPE when handling food. Common items include:
 Hair nets
 Aprons or lab coats
 Disposable gloves
 Long pants
 Closed-toe shoes
 Disposable gloves: latex, nitrile, or plastic
 Oven mitts / heat resistant gloves
Aprons and gloves should always be removed before entering a restroom. Check with your lab
supervisor if aprons/lab coats should be removed before leaving the lab area. Always remove
disposable gloves before entering the hallway.
Compressed Gases
All cylinders must be treated as potential missiles and with caution. Tragic accidents have occurred
when a cylinder was knocked over, damaging the cylinder and turning it into a rocket.
Pressurized cylinders need special handling and storage. Store high pressure cylinders in storage
brackets fastened against a wall or in a secure location.
Cylinders must be transported with safety caps in place and must be effectively secured before that cap
is removed. They must never be dragged across the floor. Serious accidents have occurred when a
cylinder with a regulator in place was improperly moved. Cylinders that had a regulator shear off in a fall
have been known to rocket through several brick walls.
Cylinders must be secured with two straps or preferably chains to a fixed rack or secured in a cylinder
bracket secured to an immovable counter or structure to prevent them from falling. Cylinders in
individual laboratories are to be secured to the wall with Uni-strut and chains. Multiple cylinders
secured by one clamp are not safe. Cylinders secured with straps and pressure clamps attached to
benches do not provide adequate safety and should only be used temporarily.
Additionally, gas cylinders are not to be stored on cylinder transportation carts. It is never appropriate
to store compressed gas cylinders on carts or lying on the floor horizontally.
Cylinders should be stored in secure areas at temperatures below 125ºF, away from radiators or other
sources of heat. A fire-resistant partition between the cylinders can also be used. A flame should never
come in contact with any part of a compressed gas cylinder.
Rusting will damage the cylinder and may cause the valve protection cap to stick.
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All alterations and repairs to the cylinder and valve must be made by the compressed gas vendor.
Modification of safety relief devices beyond the tank or regulator should only be made by a competent
person appointed by management.
Often color codes are used to help designate cylinders. Arbitrary paint is not recommended.
Ordinary soap solution may contain oils that are unsafe when used with oxygen cylinders. Leak
detection liquids are available from laboratory supply houses.
Refer to the safety check list for compressed gas cylinders, Appendix 10.
Laboratory Safety Equipment
Emergency equipment must not be blocked by anything that would prevent the immediate use of the
equipment. It is each individual’s responsibility to know where all emergency equipment and exits are
located in their laboratory area.
Emergency Showers, Drench Hoses and Eye Wash Stations
Use in an emergency to flush chemicals which have accidentally come in contact with laboratory
personnel. Drench hoses and eye wash stations are for use with minor splashes to the face or body.
Safety showers should be used when a major chemical splash occurs. Treatment of splashes to the eye
and face is immediate flushing with copious amounts of water for 15 minutes. Personnel should not be
hesitant to use safety shower and eyewash stations simply because there are no floor drains. We will
deal with the water after the emergency has been resolved.
Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers have been strategically placed in or just outside laboratories depending on the
hazards. Fire Extinguisher training is available on ytrain under the Life Sciences catalog. When
operating a fire extinguisher, remember P.A.S.S. – Pull (the pin), Aim (the nozzle at the base of the fire),
Squeeze (the trigger), and Sweep (across the base of the fire).
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First Aid Kits
Kits should be available in each laboratory. The kit should contain disposable gloves, Band-Aids, gauze
bandages, gauze pads, and ice packs. These kits should not have topical creams, liquids, or ointments
that could be contaminated with hazardous materials. Kits should also contain first aid items for
laboratory specific hazards such as calcium gluconate for hydrofluoric acid exposure on the skin.
Laboratory Hazard Signs, Door Postings, and Other Signs
All laboratories should have a laboratory safety information sign on or by the door exterior, facing the
corridor. The sign provides emergency response personnel information about the potential hazards in
the laboratory. The card should identify hazards within the facility and the responsible faculty member.
To update or create a lab sign, please visit the Hazard Sign Request section of the RM&S website.
https://risk.byu.edu/apps/lab_sign/
Special placards must also be placed in locations for radioactivity, anesthetic gas use, biohazrads, laser
light and magnetic field hazards.
Mechanical Pipetting Aids
Always use appropriate pipetting devices. Mouth pipetting is prohibited.
Sharps Containers and Glass Boxes
All needles and syringes, razor blades and other sharp items need to be disposed of in a sharps
container. Glass-only boxes are used for disposal of non-contaminated broken glass. When the box is
full securely close the box and mark for disposal by custodial personnel. Sharps containers should be
sealed and replaced when 2/3 full to prevent overfilling. Do not overfill sharps containers. Sealed
sharps containers can be picked up by Environmental Management for disposal.
Laboratory Access and Security
Outside door access is available “after hours” if needed for all the buildings in the College of Life
Sciences. You must have your ID card encoded so that you may enter the building after hours. Contact
your department secretary for more information on obtaining after-hours access. Each person entering
a building when it is locked should swipe his or her own card. Do not give your ID card to another
person to access the building. When buildings are locked, outside doors should not be propped open.
Property Loss
The Risk Management and Safety Department handles property loss for BYU in conjunction with the
Church Risk Management Department's self‐insurance program.
Colleges/departments should submit a written, detailed report of any loss of or damage to University
property over $100 to the Risk Management and Safety Department within one week. This report
should contain information concerning the initial purchase and replacement information and costs.
EXCEPTION: All incidents involving loss greater than $5,000 should be reported immediately BY
TELEPHONE, then by MEMO. Reimbursement is made on a replacement‐cost basis.
All required documentation must be submitted within one year. Claims for property losses submitted
beyond one year after the date of the loss are considered expired and will not be paid.
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Upgrading costs will not be borne by Risk Management.
If the loss is due to carelessness on the part of the department or BYU personnel, the department may
be assessed $100 when the loss is less than $500. If the loss is greater than $500, the assessment will be
$200. If the loss is due to willful negligence, the assessments will be $200 and $300, respectively. Losses
due to other causes will be reimbursed without any cost to the department.
Reimbursement of money, bonds, stocks, jewels, precious metals, and other like items will only be
reimbursed if approved by the Property Reimbursement Exceptions Committee.
BYU will only pay for damage to the personal property of University personnel, students, and visitors,
etc., when BYU is responsible for causing the damages or when one of the following applies:

The property of BYU personnel is damaged during the course and within the scope of
employment and is used with the knowledge and approval of the supervisor or department
chair, dean or director.
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The property of others is damaged during the course and scope of an officially approved activity
or during activity‐related transport in a University or University‐rented vehicle, and used with
the knowledge and approval of the director of the activity AND APPROVED BY RISK
MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY PRIOR TO THE ACTIVITY.
OR
In addition to the above, BYU will only pay for damage to the personal property of University personnel,
students, and visitors, etc., when ALL of the following apply:
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Coverage is secondary to all other collectible insurance such as renters and homeowner's.
The owner of the property must have exercised reasonable care to protect the property before
and after any loss.
The property loss must be reported to Risk Management and Safety within 30 days.
Valuation will be at the actual cash (used) value of the property rather than what it would cost to
replace it with a brand new item. Otherwise, coverage is based on the same coverage as BYU property.
Personal property used primarily for the pleasure, entertainment or convenience of personnel will not
be covered by the University. Items that are typically worn, such as clothing, watches, eye wear,
engagement and wedding rings, are generally not covered.
Lockout/Tagout and Verification
This standard covers the servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment in which the
unexpected startup of the machines or equipment, or release of stored energy could cause injury to
employees. This standard establishes minimum performance requirements for the control of such
hazardous energy.
Supervisors must comply with state and federal safety regulations for lockout/tagout procedures. See
the Risk Management and Safety Department code manual for specific lockout/tag out procedures. Visit
ytrain for appropriate online LOTO training.
Electrically powered equipment must have a lockout control on the switch or an electrical switch,
mechanical clutch or other positive shut-off device mounted directly on the equipment. Circuit
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interruption devices on an electric motor, such as circuit breakers or overload protection, must require
manual reset to restart the motor.
If a machine or equipment in your lab has a lockout/tagout box attached to it do not tamper with it. Call
the college safety officer for more information.
Off-site Field Research Safety
Field research conducted away from campus has a variety of safety concerns. Some of the same
principles described here for laboratory safety may be applicable to field research. Additional safety
training may be needed to address specific areas. A risk assessment will be preformed by the PI and
reviewed by the college safety officer for possible additional awareness and training before field work
begins.
Additional training which may be needed:
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Van Driver Training
ATV Safety Training
Bear Safety
Boat Safety
Heat Stress and UV Awareness
Rock Climbing Safety Training
Specific PPE for Field Research
Trip Planning
A Field Research Safety Plan should be filled out for all off-campus research sites, available here:
https://lifesciences.byu.edu/Portals/6/docs/LS_FieldTrip_V2.docx. Elements of this plan include:
 Trip Itinerary: Departure and return dates and location of fieldwork site including nearest city
and hospital.
 University contact and local field contact information.
 Roaster all individuals going to work site.
 First aid / CPR training.
 A summary of the risk assessment for the trip.
Insure that all permits required by any regulatory entities have been obtained before beginning field
work. Research involving vertebrate animals requires prior approval from IACUC. Research involving
biosafety level 2 or higher microorganisms in the field requires IBC approval.
Whenever possible filed work should be done in teams of at least two people. Note that BYU policy
prohibits a non-related male and female to be working alone in the field. Always make sure that your
supervisor knows where you will be and when you will return.
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If traveling to remote locations where there is no anticipated cell phone service the use of satellite
communication is strongly advised. SPOT connect is used by some faculty in the college. Contact the
College Safety Coordinator for more information.
Medical Care
Medical care and first aid should always be considered when planning fieldwork. Preparation for injuries
and medical problems where professional medical care is not immediately available should be a concern
for everyone and not just the trip supervisor. A maintained first aid kit is required for all overnight field
trips. A basic first aid kit should include:
 Antibiotic ointment (ensure it is in date)
 Band-Aids of various sizes
 Sterile gauze pads
 Nonstick wound pads
 Self-adhering tape or dressing
 Elastic bandage(s)
 Duct tape
 Safety pins
 Pain and anti-inflammatory medication (ensure it is in date)
 Antihistamine (ensure it is in date)
 Antidiarrheal medication (ensure it is in date)
 Tweezers
Any injuries sustained in the field should be reported to your supervisor and BYU Risk Management as
soon as possible when you return. If the injury is serious (amputation, overnight hospital stay, fractures,
of fatality) notify your supervisor, BYU Risk Management (or if after hours BYU Police) as soon as
possible. BYU must report these incidents to Utah OSHA as soon as possible. See the Accident
Procedures section of this document for more information about reporting injuries.
Animal and insects present safety hazards due to possible disease transmission and life safety concerns.
The most common animals in Utah and the surrounding states to be aware of include:
 Mosquitoes and other biting insects
 Rodents
 Bats
 Bears
 Mountain lions and other large cats
 Snakes
 Black Widow and Brown Recluse spiders
 Scorpions
 Bees, wasps, etc.
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Fleas and ticks
See Appendix 16 for a list of the most common zoonotic agents encountered in Utah.
Travel Plan / Field Trip Insurance
All personnel traveling on University business must file a Travel Authorization in Y-Expense for each trip
that requires them to be away from home overnight and/or requires them to use any form of
commercial transportation. Travel Authorizations are not required for same-day travel that does not
require any form of commercial transportation. The Travel Authorization should be filed at least 10 days
prior to travel whenever possible. A department designated approver must approve the Travel
Authorization before the trip departure.
A student Travel Authorization should be completed by student(s) traveling without being accompanied
by a university employee. The form is completed and authorized before travel takes place.
Field trips for academic classes require field trip insurance paid by the department. This form can be
submitted online with risk management at: risk.byu.edu/apps/service/index.php?service=44 . For
questions regarding off-site safety training and instructions on submitting university liability forms
contact the college Safety Coordinator for assistance.
Compressed Gasses and Cryogenics
Many laboratories use pressurized cylinders and air lines for analytical equipment or research purposes.
Air under pressure is a hazardous material. If directed toward the skin severe tissue damage could
occur. Never direct air under pressure toward yourself or anyone unless the airline has a safety nozzle
that restricts air pressure below 30 psi. Pressurized air directed toward an object can create projectiles
that could strike a person.
High pressure air lines must be pressure rated and adequate for the intended pressure level. Air
regulators are required on all high pressure cylinders and air lines. The regulator must be designed to
with stand the maximum available pressure from the source and have a failsafe pressure relieving
control that will release pressure if it exceeds the maximum pressure of the system. No valve shall be
placed between the air receiver and the safety valves. A pressure indicating gauge that is readily visible
is required to indicate the pressure delivered from receiver. All high pressure lines must have a safety
relief valve that limits air pressure delivered from exceeding 10% over the maximum allowable working
pressure for the system. All high pressure air lines should be routinely inspected for cracking, damage
and excessive ware. Do not try and fix a high pressure airline. Replace it with a certified new pressure
rated air line. Be cautious of where and how the high pressure air line is being used.
High pressure connections should be leak tested. A leak test solution is often used for this purpose.
Ordinary soap solutions may contain oils that are unsafe when used with oxygen cylinders. Leak
detection liquids are available from laboratory supply houses.
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Cryogenic liquids and gases or materials kept in a subzero freezer require special precautions when
handling or working with these materials. Specific PPE is require d to handle these material including
special gloves rated for cold temperatures, face shields, smocks or lab coats are required PPE to handle
cryogenic materials. Cryogenic gases will pressurize their containment vessels when heated even at or
near ambient temperatures. Consideration should be made of the type of container and the length of
exposure. Cryogenic dewers should be used to transport liquid nitrogen or liquid oxygen. Dry ice should
be transported in a Styrofoam container.
See Appendix 10 for a safety checklist on high pressure cylinders.
Radiation Safety
Radiation Safety applies to all BYU employees or students who work with ionizing radiation, which
includes the use of radioactive isotopes and radiation generating equipment. The BYU Radiation Safety
Program covers this topic and will not be discussed in this document. The Radiation Safety Officer is
responsible for training of all employees that use radioactive chemicals and oversees the authorization
process for its use. For details call Risk Management at 422-4468 or refer to the BYU Radiation Safety
Program on the Risk Management website: http://risk.byu.edu/safety/safety_programs/Radiation.php
Non-ionizing Radiation Safety
Non-ionizing radiation refers to any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry
enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules. The College of Life Sciences at BYU has the following
sources of non-ionizing radiation which have a variety of health risks:
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Lasers
Ultraviolet
EMF
White light
Radio frequency
Microwaves
Magnetic fields
Near infrared and infrared
The BYU Laser Safety program covers the topics associated with lasers and will not be discussed
in this document. Refer to the BYU Laser Safety program found on the Risk Management
website:
http://risk.byu.edu/safety/safety_programs/LaserPPE.php
Other sources of non-ionizing radiation will be individually evaluated for hazards. Safety
measures will be implemented from the identified hazards.
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Emergency Management
The mission of the Emergency Management Program at Brigham Young University is to assist the
University and its personnel in preventing, mitigating, preparing for, responding to, and recovery from
all incidents, emergencies or disasters which may impact the University or its personnel.
Overall Objectives
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Preserve life.
Protect property and processes.
Return the University to normal following a disaster.
Protect the environment.
Emergency Notification
BYU’s emergency notification system
To request emergency assistance on campus (fire, police, or ambulance), dial 2-2222 or 911 from any
campus phone. Dial 801-422-2222 from any cell phone. 911 from a cell phone will connect to Provo,
City or Utah County Dispatch.
In all emergencies and accidents the first consideration is your safety and the safety of those around
you. For more detailed emergency procedures please refer to the College Emergency Preparedness Plan
(http://lifesciences.byu.edu/safety/EmergencyPreparedness/EmergencyPlan) or Emergency Quick Guide
(http://lifesciences.byu.edu/safety/EmergencyPreparedness/EmergencyQuickGuide).
Emergency Procedures
Emergencies can include fire, non-fire emergencies, hazardous material spills, medical issues, and
terrorist acts like a bomb or shooter.
 Fires are an "expected" emergency in all lab situations and all lab staff are to be trained on
emergency steps in the event of a fire. Fire extinguisher training is available online through
ytrain in the Life Sciences catalog.
 “Non-fire” emergencies can include electrical outages, equipment failure, or natural disasters.
Laboratory shut down procedures should be followed to assure safety for emergency
responders and to preserve property and any ongoing or critical experiments.
 Hazardous material spills are likely events in labs and should be handled with caution.
Depending on the nature of the spill, the best course of action may be to evacuate the lab.
Other labs in the area should be notified of the spill.
 Acts of terrorism are becoming more prevalent today. These may include everything from a
bomb threat to a shooter. Each should be taken seriously. For additional information see the
short videos Shots Fired and Flashpoint on the BYU Police website, https://police.byu.edu/
Laboratory Shutdown Procedures
If personal safety is not compromised, the following procedures may be attempted if appropriate:
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Close fume hoods and/or biosafety cabinets
Close any open containers
Power off any unnecessary equipment
Shut all doors
Medical Emergency Procedures
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Call BYU dispatch 801-422-2222
Protect victim(s) from further harm
Provide first aid until assistance arrives
Fire or Explosion
Remain Calm.
Quickly assess the size and nature of the fire. If the fire is beyond your own training in fighting fires GET
OUT! If you have any doubts, GET OUT! Fighting a fire is voluntary and your personal safety in the
situation is most important. Do not become part of the problem for emergency responders by needing
to be rescued.
If the fire is small and does not involve a hazardous chemical then try to extinguish the fire with the
correct type of extinguisher for the fire. Most labs in the college have ABC fire extinguishers which can
be used for most laboratory fires. They are used for fires containing combustible materials like wood,
paper, cardboard, and most plastics; flammable or combustible liquids like organic solvents, gasoline,
grease, and oil; and on most electrical fires.
If the fire is not under reasonable control, pull the closest fire alarm box and exit the building.
Accident Procedures
All fires, injuries, and spills need to be reported as soon as possible, even if they are minor and require
no further action. Contact your faculty supervisor, Department Safety Coordinator, or College Safety
Coordinator to report all incidents.
Student/Guest Incident Reporting
Supervisors are responsible to instruct their personnel to do the following when assisting in an accident
involving a student or guest:
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Assess the injury regarding the need for medical care.
If only minor care (first aid) is needed, dispense first aid kit supplies and report the incident to
your supervisor or the college safety coordinator
If medical care and/or transportation of the individual is needed, contact University Police for
assistance (particularly for accidents involving neck or back injuries).
If needed, contact the college safety coordinator for information on injury report forms.
All non-paid student or guest injuries (of any type) should be reported on the general injury report form
(see Appendix 14 ). All injuries to University or paid student employee’s should be reported using the
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workers’ compensation injury form located on the Risk Management website
(https://risk.byu.edu/insurance/secureIncidentReport.php) and should be filled out by the injured
employees supervisor. All injuries need to be reported within 24 hours when possible.
Accident Investigation and Reporting

An accident resulting in an injury requiring medical attention is to be reported to the PI/lab
supervisor and the college safety officer. Record information about the accident; who was
effected, location, time, details – chemical exposure name of chemical, biological exposure –
biological agent or blood, witnesses to the accident, time occurred, other information which
might assist with the investigation.
Occurrence Reporting
Incidents should be reported to the appropriate persons and in a timely manner. Lab workers should
report the incident to the laboratory PI, who will report it to the college safety coordinator. Where
appropriate Risk Management will maintain a log of any injury or illness that falls under OSHA 1904
reporting standard including:
 Death of an employee
 Needle sticks
 Injuries resulting in a positive x-ray, such as broken bones and fractures
 Any injury that requires suturing, stiches, or prescription medication
 Loss of consciousness
Refer to OSHA 29 CFR 1904 for complete details on reportable occupational injuries and illnesses.
Chemical, Biological or Radioactive Spills
Alert all persons nearby.
If a chemical has spilled on you or splashed in your face/eyes use the emergency shower or eyewash
station for at least 15 minutes. While rinsing, remove any contaminated clothing to minimize further
exposure.
If you have spilled a small amount, know that the substance is of minimal hazard, and can clean it up, do
so. Label and package according to the guidelines listed on Chemicals Management Regulated Waste
Procedure website. Otherwise,
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Evacuate the area and close the door to the laboratory facility. If flammables are spilled and your safety
is assured, turn off any ignition devices.
Contact your faculty supervisor, Department Safety Coordinator, College Safety Coordinator. If after
hours or on weekends, contact BYU Police at 801-422-2222 for advice and assistance or Provo City Police
at 911. Be prepared to provide the identity, amount, and location of the spill, as well as your location
and phone number where you can be reached (not your lab phone, since you should not remain in the
lab after the spill).
If you have been potentially exposed to a Bloodborne Pathogen (see below), contact your faculty
supervisor, Department Safety Coordinator, College Safety Coordinator and/ or RM&S immediately.
Treatment should be started within 2 hours of the possible exposure. If during working hours, proceed
directly to the BYU Student Health Center, if after hours go to UVRMC ER.
Exposure to a Bloodborne Pathogen
Any exposure to blood or other potentially infectious body fluids needs to be reported IMMEDIATELY,
even if the presence of infectious materials on an item or surface is only suspected. Exposure can be
from broken skin, eye, mucous membrane, needle sticks, human or animal bites, cuts and abrasions.
All exposure incidents need to be treated as soon as possible. Prophylactic treatment, when indicated,
is available for most diseases if started within 2 hours of the exposure. When possible the exposure
device should be saved for further testing and documentation. When a source individual is identified,
they should be asked to give consent to immediate testing and interview by a clinician to determine risk
free of charge.
If a potential exposure happens:
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Clean the wound, wash or flush the contaminated area thoroughly.
Notify your faculty supervisor, Department Safety Coordinator, or College Safety Coordinator
immediately.
Proceed to Urgent Care at the Student Health Center from 8 AM to 5 PM Monday–Friday for
evaluation and post-exposure follow-up. During night or weekends, go directly to the Utah
Valley Regional Medical Center for evaluation and post-exposure follow-up.
Treatment costs are covered by the University for all injuries occurring while enrolled in a class
or working as a student employee on campus. Do not let treatment costs prevent you from
seeking care as some bloodborne pathogens cause life threatening illness.
The following information must be provided to your supervisor or safety coordinator: the route
of exposure and how the exposure occurred and the identity of the source unless unknown or
prohibited by law.
Laceration or Puncture Wounds
Any injury or bite from an animal needs to be treated by a medical professional. If you are injured while
handling an animal:
 Clean the wound, wash or flush the contaminated area thoroughly.
 Notify your faculty supervisor, Department Safety Coordinator, or College Safety Coordinator
immediately.
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Proceed to Urgent Care at the Student Health Center from 8 AM to 5 PM Monday–Friday for
evaluation and post-exposure follow-up. During night or weekends, go directly to the Utah
Valley Regional Medical Center for evaluation and post-exposure follow-up.
For lacerations and puncture wounds where no potential biological hazard is present:
 Wash the affected area with mild soap and water for at least 5 minutes.
 Use direct pressure to stop bleeding if needed.
 Apply antibacterial ointment and a clean bandage that will not stick to the wound.
 Inform your faculty supervisor, Department Safety Coordinator, College Safety Coordinator of
the incident.
 If stitches or further medical treatment is needed proceed directly to the BYU Student Health
Center during work hours, or if after hours go to UVRMC ER.
Lab Guests / Visitors
This policy and the procedures adopted pursuant thereto cover access to laboratories by “Visitors,”
which include the following categories of persons:
 Persons who are neither paid nor permanent members of the BYU faculty nor other permanent
full-time or part-time employees of BYU. It includes, for example, faculty visitors from other
universities and research institutions; adjuncts; visitors from business organizations and
governmental entities
 Persons who volunteer their services in laboratories who are not admitted as a student to BYU;
and
 Those employees or students at BYU, whose presence in a laboratory with hazardous materials
or animals is not part of their normal employment at the University or a part of their supervised
course work.
Due to the potential hazards and liability issues, other persons, in particular children under the age of 16
are not permitted in hazardous work areas, with the exception of University-sanctioned activities, e.g.,
tours, open houses, or other University related business as authorized by the Principal Investigator or
laboratory supervisor. In these instances, all children under the age of 16 must be under careful and
continuous supervision.
There are potential risks associated with allowing access to labs and equipment by visiting scientists.
These risks include: theft or questions of ownership for intellectual property, bodily injury, and property
damage. Colleges and departments should verify that all users of the lab have the required safety and
health training prior to allowing access to the lab and/or specialized equipment. It is the PI’s
responsibility to provide the appropriate training.
Before guests or visitors are allowed in the lab for research projects, faculty members must complete a
risk assessment of the project that the guest or visitor will be involved in. This risk assessment should be
submitted to the college safety officer for review and approval before the visit begins. Risk assessment
and release form can be obtained from the college safety coordinator.
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Waste Disposal Procedures
Chemicals Management provides containers for temporary storage of biological, chemical and
radioactive materials, and other wastes upon request.
 Contact Environment Management (801-422-6156) when waste container is about to become
full. Leave at least an inch of headspace in all containers. Do not overfill containers.
 Do not put solid waste into liquid waste containers.
 Do not use red biohazard bags for chemical waste.
 Do not generate a mixed waste (see mixed waste following for more information).
 Do not place animal or biohazard waste in normal trash bins.
 Biohazard waste must be pre-bagged and tied before being added to the yellow biohazard
waste containers.
 Animal remains or specimens that are not preserved must be frozen before pickup.
Chemical Waste
The following federal regulations apply to hazardous waste generated in laboratories. Any violation of
these regulations may result in significant fines and loss of federal grants.
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No more than 55 gallons of waste may be stored in the laboratories. For acutely hazardous
waste this limit is reduced to one quart. Contact Environmental Management (801-422-6156) if
you have questions about whether your waste is acutely hazardous or not.
Full containers must be marked with the dates on which they were filled and they must be
removed from the laboratory within three days (not three business days).
The laboratory must be "under the control of the operator." This simply means that when
nobody is in the lab the door must be closed and locked.
Waste containers must be in good condition and compatible with the type of waste being stored
in them. Leaking containers are not acceptable.
Containers must be closed at all times except when adding or removing waste. "Closed" means
that no waste can evaporate out of the container and that no waste would spill if the container
were to tip over.
The container must be labeled with a description of its contents. This description must be in
English and must include the chemical name. Chemical structures and/or formulas are not
appropriate substitutes for their names. All components of the waste must be listed.
Incompatible wastes must be kept segregated.
Training is required for anybody generating hazardous waste. If you have not been trained on
hazardous waste regulations, contact the College Safety Coordinator (801-422-6875) or
Environmental Management (801-422-6156). They will be happy to provide training during a
laboratory staff meeting or at any time that is convenient for you.
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Biohazardous Waste
Liquids
Liquid biohazardous waste may be collected in a rigid plastic container labeled as biohazardous
waste. (For biohazard labels contact the College Safety Coordinator; (801) 422-6875.) When full
Environmental Management may pick up the liquid waste for disposal. The plastic container will not
be returned.
Liquid biohazarodous waste may also be autoclaved or disinfected with bleach and flushed down
the drain. It is also recommended to disinfect the sink with additional bleach after disposing of
biohazardous waste. Do not generate any mixed waste. See section on mixed waste following.
Plastic vacutainer tubes of blood that are still capped can be placed directly in a yellow solid
biohazardous waste container. Glass vacutainer tubes should be placed in a sharps container or a
contaminated glass container. Human blood should not be poured down the drains even if
disinfected.
Preserving solutions may not be flushed down the drain. The specimens must be removed from the
solution and the solution may then go to Environmental Management for hazardous waste disposal.
See section on chemical waste.
Solids
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Biohazardous waste must be packaged in either a red biohazard bag or a bag that is labeled
as biohazardous and displays the international biohazard symbol.
In order to minimize exposure to biohazards, bags of solid waste must be closed and tied off
before pick up by Environmental Management.
Keep all sharp materials separate. Environmental Management will not accept biohazard
bags that contain glass, needles, or blades.
There may not be any liquids in the solid waste.
High-risk biohazard agents (level 3) must be both autoclaved and received by Environmental
Management.
Low to moderate risk biohazard agents (level 1 and 2) do not need to be autoclaved before
being received by Environmental Management. Do not use biohazardous autoclave bags for
level 1 and 2 waste.
Animal remains or specimens that are not preserved must be frozen. Environmental
Management will only pick up frozen waste the morning before shipment. Currently, they
ship every other Monday.
"Sharps" include all needles and blades and must always be managed as biohazardous
waste, even if they were used only with chemicals. They must be placed in an appropriate
sharps container. Do not overfill the container; it must be closed before Environmental
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Management will pick it up. Broken glass may be managed as "sharps," but technically it
does not have to be. See the section on glass following.
Do not generate any mixed waste. See following section on mixed waste.
Radioactive Waste
All radioactive waste must be segregated by isotope. Containers must be labeled with the isotope, the
amount in microcuries, the lab number, and the date. Do not generate any mixed waste. See section on
mixed waste below.
Liquids
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Most liquid radioactive waste may be flushed down the drain. Laboratories are allowed to
flush amounts up to 100 microcuries/day.
Radioactive iodine, however, may not be flushed. Environmental Management will dispose
of this type of waste.
Only nonhazardous, biodegradable scintillation fluid may be used. Scintillation fluids may be
flushed down the drain or given to Environmental Management for disposal. If given to
Environmental Management, vials must be stored upright in flats or in a plastic bucket.
Solids
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Make sure there are no liquids (not even droplets at the bottom of a vial). This is extremely
important. The radioactive waste disposal facility will assess a fee and return any waste that
has liquids.
Remove or deface all radioactive labels. Short half-life material will be decayed, then
disposed of as regular trash. The landfill employees really do not like to see radioactive
labels!
Collect waste in clear plastic bags. The bags must be closed and labeled before pick up by
Environmental Management. If this waste is not sealed in a plastic bag, the Chemicals
Management Department will not pick it up.
If your lab generates radioactive sharps (needles, blades, or glass) keep them segregated
from nonradioactive sharps. Do not use a red biohazard sharps container.
Do not use red biohazard bags for radioactive waste.
Mixed Waste
At BYU, mixed waste is considered any waste that is:
 Hazardous and Radioactive.
 Hazardous and Biohazardous.
 Radioactive and Biohazardous.
Disposal of these wastes is extremely difficult and costly. This type of waste must be approved with
Environmental Management before any waste is generated. Laboratories generating mixed wastes will
be responsible to pay for their disposal.
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Glass
Some empty bottles, such as those that contained acutely hazardous materials must be managed as
hazardous waste. However, most glass waste may be disposed of as regular trash. Rinse glassware in the
sink and then place the glass in a box or bucket. Do not ever put glass (especially broken glass) into
regular waste containers. This has caused accidents where custodians have cut themselves while
removing waste. Attach a label to the box or bucket which informs the custodians to place the container
directly into the dumpster.
Biohazardous contaminated glass, such as slides and glass test tubes, must be disposed of separately
from other glass waste. Line a sturdy cardboard box with a biohazard bag for collection of contaminated
glass. When full, tie the bag and seal the box. Label as contaminated glass and call Environmental
Management for pickup.
Paper and Plastic
Most paper and plastic waste generated in the laboratory may be disposed of in regular waste
containers. In some cases, such as spill cleanups or contamination with very hazardous materials or
blood products, it may become necessary to dispose of paper and plastic as hazardous waste. In such
cases, do not place these materials into containers for liquid hazardous waste. They may be collected in
containers designated for solid debris only.
Other Wastes
Environmental Management also collects and recycles the following miscellaneous wastes:
 Batteries
 Oil-bearing devices (such as transformers)
 Circuit boards
 Aerosol cans (empty or full)
Please detach these items from equipment that is to be discarded and contact Environmental
Management for disposal.
There are other regulated wastes generated on campus that are typically managed by other entities
(physical facilities, custodians, etc.). These wastes include computers and monitors, fluorescent lights,
electronic ballasts, and others. Be aware that if your lab does generate any of these items for waste,
they may not be discarded in the trash.
See appendix 15 for a waste regulation summary for quick reference.
Contact Environmental Management (801-422-6156) with questions about any other type of laboratory
waste that is not discussed here.
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Noncompliance Procedures
All college faculty, staff, students, and visitors will abide by the safety policies outlined in this document
and supplemented by their supervisor. If noncompliance of the safety regulations listed in this
document and posted in individual labs is found, the lab supervisor will take the following steps of
corrective action up to and including termination of employment or volunteer status, or failure of an
academic course. See Appendix 13 for the noncompliance warning report.
Employment at Brigham Young University is at-will employment. Employees may be terminated at any
time and for any lawful reason, or no reason.
Academic Laboratory Classes
Noncompliance violations will be tracked within the semester or term the student is enrolled in the
academic course.
1st Violation
The student will receive a verbal and written warning indicating noncompliance, unless severity of the
violation warrants immediate removal with a failing grade issued to the student.
2nd Violation
The student will be asked to leave the lab and may receive a 0 (zero) for that lab exercise. The student
must meet with the College Safety Officer before being allowed back into the lab.
3rd Violation
The student will be asked to leave permanently and may receive a failing grade for the lab course.
Research Laboratories & Field Work
Noncompliance violations for paid student employees, student volunteers, or guests within the lab will
be tracked within the academic year (fall semester through summer term).
1st Violation
The employee/volunteer will receive a verbal and written warning indicating noncompliance, unless
severity of the violation warrants immediate removal from the lab including possible termination of
employment.
2nd Violation
The employee/volunteer will meet with the College Safety Officer about the violations before being
allowed to continue in their job duties. If warranted, their employment will be suspended for the
remainder of the semester or term in which the violation occurs.
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3rd Violation
The employee/volunteer will be asked to leave permanently from lab employment and may be blocked
from future employment within the college.
Laboratory Audit Noncompliance
Faculty/Lab Supervisors who are found in noncompliance during a routine inspection from State or
Federal oversight agencies, University Risk Management personnel, or the college safety officer will
have 30 days to correct the noncompliance issue or have submitted a plan of corrective action if more
than 30 days is required to their department chair and the college safety officer.
If corrective action is not taken within 30 days research activities will be suspended until a plan is
submitted for correcting the noncompliance issue.
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Definitions
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Allergen: an environmental substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body
but may not be intrinsically harmful.

Biohazardous Materials: infections agents or hazardous biological materials that present a risk
or potential risk to the health of humans, animals or the environment either directly or through
damage to the environment. Includes recombinant DNA; organisms and viruses infectious to
humans, animals or plants (i.e. parasites, viruses, bacteria, fungi, prions, etc.); biologically active
agents (i.e. toxins, allergens, venoms).

Bloodborne pathogen: any microorganism that is present in human blood or other body fluids
and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B
virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Bloodborne pathogens are spread
through percutaneous or mucocutaneous exposure with contaminated blood and bodily fluids.
Chemicals of Acute or Chronic Toxicity: These materials have immediate and/or long-term
adverse health effects and vary widely in their level of toxicity. Common examples include
hydrogen cyanide, nickel carbonyl, ricin, tetrodotoxin, benzene, and many others. Use extreme
caution when handling or using highly toxic materials.
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Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO): person assigned responsibility to oversee the health and safety
of individuals working with chemicals throughout the institution.
Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP): required by OSHA in the Laboratory Standard, OSHA 29 CFR
1910.1450. Contains sections pertinent to working with chemicals and understanding their
hazards and the hazards of working in a laboratory.
Compressed Gas: (i) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure
exceeding 40 psi at 70 deg. F (21.1 deg. C); or (ii) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container,
an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at 130 deg. F (54.4 deg C) regardless of the pressure at
70 deg. F (21.1 deg. C); or (iii) A liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100 deg. F
(37.8 C) as determined by ASTM D-323-72.

Contaminated: Any object that has residue of a chemical, biological, or radioactive sumbstance.

Controlled Substances: a drug or other substance, or immediate precursor, included in schedule
I, II, III, IV or V of Part B, Section 802 Title 21, United States Code of Federal Regulations.

Corrosives: Corrosives are materials which can react with the skin and other tissues causing
burns similar to thermal burns, and/or which can react with metal causing deterioration of the
metal surface. Acids and bases are corrosives.

Cross Contamination: Contact of a food with an allergenic substance not intended as an
ingredient of the food during processing and preparation.

Cryogens: Some of the hazards associated with cryogens (fluids used to maintain extremely low
temperatures) are fire, pressure, embrittlement of materials, and skin or eye burns upon
contact with the liquid. Cryogens can condense nearly pure liquid oxygen from the air, creating a
severe fire risk. A pressure hazard exists because of the large expansion ratio from liquid to gas,
causing pressure build up in containers. Many materials become brittle at extreme low
temperatures. Brief contact with materials at extreme low temperatures can cause burns similar
to thermal burns.
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
Designated Areas: are locations established and labeled for work with certain chemicals and
mixtures, which include select carcinogens, reproductive toxins, and/or substances which have
a high degree of acute toxicity. A designated area may be the entire laboratory, an area of a
laboratory or a device such as a laboratory hood.

Emergency Action Plan (EAP: a plan that addresses emergency scenarios and provides
directions on what to do in the event of an emergency.

Engineering Controls: Decrease workers exposure to a hazard by reducing the hazard at the
source, e.g. design modifications in air handling, chemical fume hoods, biosafety cabinets, self
capping needles, etc.

Explosive: means a chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure,
gas, and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure, of high temperature.

Exposure Control Plan: A written plan that identifies those tasks and procedures in which
occupational exposure may occur to bloodborne pathogens, and identifies the positions whose
duties include those tasks and procedures identified as having occupational exposure. The
exposure control plan must be reviewed and updated regularly. The exposure control plan
should also document the consideration and implementation of "safer work practices."
Exposure Incident: A specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or
parenteral contact with blood or OPIM that results from the performance of an employee’s
duties.
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Flammables and Combustibles: Flammable/combustible materials are materials which under
standard conditions can generate sufficient vapor to cause a fire in the presence of an ignition
source. Flammable materials can generate sufficient vapors at temperatures below 100oF (38oC);
combustibles, at temperatures at or above 100oF (38oC). Flammables are more hazardous at
elevated temperatures due to more rapid vaporization. In addition, flammable and combustible
materials react with oxidizers which can result in a fire.

Hazardous Chemical: means a chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence based
on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or
chronic health effects may occur in exposed d employees.

HBV: Hepatitis B virus
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HCV: Hepatitis C virus
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“Health hazard”: refers to chemicals for which there is statistically significant evidence based on
at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or
chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. This term includes chemicals which are
carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers,
hepatotoxins (liver), nephrotoxins (kidney), neurotoxins (nerves), agents which act on the
hematopoietic system (blood), radioactive materials, biohazards, and agents which damage the
lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes. For many toxic materials, hygienic standards have
been established and action must be taken to prevent personnel from receiving exposures in
excess of these standards. These standards may be referred to as threshold limit values (TLVs) or
permissible exposure limits (PELs). Protection from health hazards is provided by ensuring that
exposure to such hazards is minimized or eliminated.
Many chemicals are considered highly reactive, explosive, and/or toxic and may be or become
explosive under the right conditions. Additionally, many chemicals exhibit more than one
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hazardous characteristic. When working with or around these chemicals additional precautions
for safe handling to protect against injury should be understood and practiced. Understanding
the steps for proper disposal of these chemicals is also very important since many laboratory
accidents involving these types of chemicals occur during the disposal process. The main
categories of chemicals defined as reactive, explosive, and/or hazardous include:

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus

Laboratory: means a facility where the “laboratory use of hazardous chemicals” occurs. A
workplace where relatively small quantities of hazardous chemicals are used on a nonproduction basis.

Laboratory Scale: means work with substance in which the containers used for reactions,
transfers, and other handling of substances are designed to be easily and safely manipulated by
one person. “Laboratory scale” excludes those workplaces whose function is to produce
commercial quantities of materials.

Light-Sensitive Materials: Light-sensitive materials are unstable with respect to light energy.
They tend to degrade in the presence of light, forming new compounds which can be hazardous,
or resulting in conditions such as pressure build-up inside a container.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): required information about specific chemicals or mixtures
of chemicals sent with each chemical by the manufacture or chemical supplier. MSDS should
contain sixteen sections including chemical name, physical data, toxicity data, hazards, safe
handling precautions, emergency procedures, etc.

Medical consultation: means a consultation which takes place between and employee and a
licensed physician for the purpose of determining what medical examinations or procedures, if
any, are appropriate in cases where significant exposure to a hazardous chemical may have
taken place.

Occupational Exposure: A reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral
contact with blood or OPIM that may result from the performance of an employee’s duties.
“Reasonably anticipated” includes the potential for contact as well as actual contact with blood
or OPIM.

Occupation Safety and Health Act (OSHA): government organization organized to regulate and
monitor worker safety.

Other Potentially Infected Materials: human body fluids including: semen, vaginal secretions,
cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid,
any other body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood such as saliva or vomit; any unfixed
human tissue or organ; HIV, HBV, or other identified viruses or bacteria containing cell or tissue
cultures; regulated waste from any of the listed items; contaminated sharps, and pathological,
and microbiological wastes containing any of the listed items. Always presume that blood is
present in human feces, urine, and vomit.
Oxidizers: Oxidizers are materials which readily yield oxygen or another oxidizing gas, or that
readily react to promote or initiate combustion of flammable/combustible materials. Oxidation
reactions are a frequent cause of chemical accidents.


Peroxidizable Substances: Peroxidizable substances react with oxygen to form peroxides (-O-O-)
. Some peroxides can explode with impact, heat, or friction such as that caused by removing a
lid. Peroxides can form inside the containers of some materials even if they have not been
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opened. Examples include ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetaldehyde, isoprene, isopropyl ether,
etc.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): safety devices and clothing to protect lab workers
examples: safety glasses, goggles, face shields, lab coat, gloves, ear plugs, etc.



Principle Investigator (PI): a professor or other researcher who oversees a laboratory
Prion: an infectious agent composed of protein in a misfolded form.
"Physical hazard:" refers to a chemical for which there is evidence that it is a combustible liquid,
a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable
(reactive) or water-reactive. Certain chemicals cannot be safely mixed or stored with other
chemicals because a severe reaction can take place or an extremely toxic reaction product can
result.

Pyrophoric Materials: Pyrophoric materials ignite spontaneously upon contact with air. The
flame may or may not be visible. Examples include butyllithium, silane, and yellow phosphorous.
Store and use all pyrophorics in an inert atmosphere.

Recombinant DNA: genetically engineered DNA prepared by transplanting or splicing genes
from one species into cells of a host organism of a different species.

Reproductive Toxin: means chemicals which affect the reproductive chemicals which affect
reproductive capabilities including chromosomal damage (mutations) and effects on fetuses
(teratogenesis).

Risk Management (RM): department who manages the health and safety of the campus
community including laboratory safety.
Schedule I Controlled Substances: Substances have a high potential for abuse, have no
currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, and there is a lack of accepted
safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision. Some examples of
substances listed in schedule I are: heroin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), marijuana
(cannabis), peyote, methaqualone, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (“ecstasy”).
Schedule II Controlled Substances: Substances have a high potential for abuse which may lead
to severe psychological or physical dependence. Examples of schedule II narcotics include
morphine, opium, hydromorphone (Dilaudid®), methadone (Dolophine®), meperidine
(Demerol®), oxycodone (OxyContin®), and fentanyl (Sublimaze® or Duragesic®). Examples of
schedule II stimulants include: amphetamine (Dexedrine®, Adderall®), methamphetamine
(Desoxyn®), and methylphenidate (Ritalin®). Other schedule II substances include: cocaine,
amobarbital, glutethimide, and pentobarbital.
Select Carcinogen: means any substance which meets the following criteria: i) It is regulated by
OSHA as a carcinogen; ii) it is listed under the category “known to be carcinogens” by National
Toxicology Program (NTP); iii) it is listed under Group 1 carcinogenic to humans by International
Agency of research on Cancer Monographs (IARC); iv) It is listed in either Group 2A or 2B by IARC
under the category, “reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens.




Shock-Sensitive or Explosive Materials: Shock sensitive/explosive materials are substances or
mixtures which can spontaneously release large amounts of energy under normal conditions, or
when struck, vibrated, or otherwise agitated. Dinitrophenylhydrazine, picryl chloride, and many
other nitro compounds are shock-sensitive and explosive. Some materials become increasingly
shock-sensitive with age and/or loss of moisture (Example: Picric acid). The inadvertent
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formation of shock-sensitive/explosive materials such as peroxides, perchlorates, picrates and
azides is of great concern in the laboratory. More detail can be found in OSHA 1910.120(j)(5).

Source Individual: Any individual, living or dead, whose blood or OPIM may be a source of
occupational exposure to the employee.

Standard Operating Procedures (SOP): documents that describe a specific process or procedure,
provides guidance for correct operation with specific safety elements and PPE
recommendations.


Teaching Assistants (TAs): assist PI with teaching classes or laboratories
Toxin: a poisonous substance that is produced by living cells or organisms and is capable of
causing disease when introduced into the body tissues.
Unstable (reactive): means a chemical which in the pure state, or as produced or transported,
will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or will become self-reactive under conditions
of shock, pressure or temperature.
Universal Precautions: The term "universal precautions" refers to a concept of bloodborne
disease control which requires that all human blood and OPIM be treated as if known to be
infectious for HIV, HBV, HCV or other bloodborne pathogens, regardless of the perceived low
risk status of a patient or patient population.
Water-Reactive Materials: Materials which react with water to produce a flammable or toxic
gas, or other hazardous condition are said to be water-reactive. Fire and explosion are serious
concerns when working with these materials. Special precautions for safe handling of waterreactive materials will depend on the specific material, and the conditions of use and storage.
Examples of water-reactives include alkali (Group IA) and alkaline earth (Group IIA) metals (e.g.
Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg), metal hydrides, some metal and nonmetal chlorides (e.g. SiCl4, PCl3, AlCl3),
calcium carbide, acid halides and acid anhydrides.




Work Practice Controls: The manner of performing an activity or procedure in a way that
minimizes the potential for injury. This includes the way employees do their work, the tools
they work with, the protective equipment they wear, and the willingness to help each other
(e.g. prohibiting recapping of needles by two-handed technique, washing hands before leaving
the work area, removing gloves after procedures, etc.).
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References
1.
NFPA standards
2.
OSHA compliance standard
1. Laboratory Standard; 1910.1450
 http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDA
RDS&p_id=10106
2. Bloodborne Pathogen Standard; 1910.1030
 http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standar
ds&p_id=10051
3.
ANSI standards
4.
Prudent Practices in the Laboratory (2011)
5.
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories 5th Edition

http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/
6.
Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals 8th Edition
7.
FDA Inspections, Compliance, Enforcement, & Criminal Investigations –
Chapter 5

8.
FDA Food code 2009: Annex 4 – Management of Food Safety Practices

9.
http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/ComplianceManuals/CompliancePolicy
GuidanceManual/ucm119194.htm#SubChapter500
http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/RetailFoodProtecti
on/FoodCode/ucm188363.htm
21 CFR Chapter I, Subchapter B – Food for Human Consumption
10. BYU Programs
Bloodborne Pathogens
Ergonomics
Radiation Safety
Lab Standard
Laser Safety
PPE Program
ORCA
 IRB
 IACUC
 IBC
Handbook of Chemicals Health and Safety; Robert J. Alaimo, Editor,
2001 Oxford Press







11.
12.
Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories; Volumes 1 and 2
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Appendix
Appendix 1 – Site Specific Training Record
58
Appendix 2 – Safety Review Checklist
60
Appendix 3- Lab Hazard Analysis
63
Appendix 4 – Incompatible and Reactive Chemical Hazards
64
Appendix 5 – Highly Reactive Chemicals
68
Appendix 6 – List of Shock Sensitive Chemicals
71
Appendix 7 – Carcinogenic / Teratogen Chemicals / Reproductive Hazards
73
Appendix 8 – Restricted Chemicals and Prior Approval
74
Appendix 9 – Understanding an MSDS
75
Appendix 10 – Safety Checklist for Compressed Gases
78
Appendix 11 – Model Exposure Control Plan
80
Appendix 12 - Food Laboratory Designation
92
Appendix 13 – Non-compliance Report
93
Appendix 14 – General Injury Report
94
Appendix 15 – Waste Regulation Summary
95
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Appendix 1 - Site-Specific Training Record
P.I.:
Room #:
Department:
Building:
The University requires documentation that all laboratory workers (paid and voluntary) have been
trained in: (Indicate if needed for your laboratory.)
 College of Life Sciences General
 Equipment Procedures (Lab specific)
SafetyTraining (ytrain)
 Autoclave
 IACUC Animal Training
 - 80 freezer
(Online from ORCA)
 Centrifuge
 IRB Human Subject Training
 Incubator
(Online from ORCA)
 Other; please list
 Radiation Training
(Available from RM&S)
 Bloodborne Pathogen Training
 Other, indicate on reverse side or
(Lab specific)
please specify:
 Waste Disposal Procedures
(Lab specific)
By signing I certify that I have completed all laboratory training, as specified above and on the reverse
side of this document and received other training as indicated.
Student First and Last Name (Print Clearly)
Signature
Date
I certify that my student(s) has completed all the required safety training necessary to carry out work in
this lab.
Signature of instructor
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Lab Supervisor Site-Specific Training Checklist
This checklist is suggested topics to be covered during site-specific training. It is your responsibility to
ensure employees have a through understanding of the topics that are applicable to your laboratory.
Chemical
 General and lab-specific procedures for safe
handling and use of chemicals.
 Physical and health hazards of chemicals
used in the lab including any increased risk
during pregnancy. Signs and symptoms
associated with exposures.
 Where chemicals are located in the lab and
the segregation scheme in use.
 How to respond to an exposure, including
first aid, emergency response, and
reporting.
 Where MSDS can be found (lab and online)
 How and where to dispose of chemicals
according to RM&S protocols.
Biological
 General and lab-specific procedures for safe
handling and use of biohazardous materials.
 Health hazards (including any increased risk
during pregnancy) of biological materials
used in the lab.
 Where biohazardous materials are located
in the lab.
 Signs and symptoms associated with
exposures to biological materials in the lab.
 How to respond to an exposure, including
first aid, reporting, and emergency
response.
 How to dispose of biohazardous materials
according to RM&S protocols.
Radioactive
 Radiation training completed with RM&S.
 Where the radiation logbook is and the
occasions to use it.
 Where the Radiation Safety Manual is and
the information it contains.
 How to perform a radioactive materials
cleanup and when to call RM&S for
assistance.
Personal Protective Equipment
 How to protect yourself from hazardous
materials (e.g., general and lab-specific
practices, appropriate minimum clothing
requirements).
 Where personal protective clothing and
equipment (e.g., goggles, masks, gloves and
lab coats) are located and how to use them.
 What to do with personal protective
equipment after use (when and where to
dispose).
Special Equipment
 Instructions for use of special equipment in
the lab such as chemical hoods, biosafety
cabinets, autoclaves, UV light boxes,
microtomes, etc.
Procedural
 Safe practices for being in the lab.
 Lab and computer security procedures.
 How to report injuries or accidents.
 Spill control equipment (chemical, biological
or radiation) location and how to clean up
hazardous materials after a spill.
 Emergency procedures including the
location of emergency numbers and
equipment such as eye wash stations, fire
extinguishers, fire pull stations, safety
showers, etc.; procedures for building
evacuation.
 Where the Laboratory Safety Manual and
Chemical Hygiene Plan is located.
 Where the first aid kit is located.
 Waste pickup procedures for your lab.
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APPENDIX 2 – SAFETY REVIEW CHECKLIST
Laboratory Safety Review Checklist
Faculty Member
Building
General Safety
Room
Date
YES
NO
COMMENTS
YES
NO
COMMENTS
YES
NO
COMMENTS
Training given to all new laboratory workers
Door Placards up to date and accurate
Emergency Procedures clearly posted
Emergency phone numbers and names clearly posted
First aid kit present in visible, marked location
Eye protection used, goggles for working with chemicals
Gloves worn where required, not outside of laboratory
Eyewash and safety shower are working and accessible
MSDS’s, SOP’s bioafety Plan, CHP on hand in each lab
Individuals do not work alone
No food or beverages in lab or refrigerator
HOUSEKEEPING
Aisles are free of tripping hazards-cords, tubing, open drawers,
stored chemicals
Floor free from water spils, chemical spills, anything that would
make the floor slick
Fume hoods not used to store chemicals or equipment
No children or other unauthorized persons
Sharps in approved sharps containers-needles, razorblades, bottles,
broken glass
Emergency equipment has 18” radius of clearance
Work areas clean and un cluttered
CHEMICAL STORAGE
Incompatible chemicals not stored together
Laboratory workers no stockpiling chemicals
Radioactive and controlled substances properly secured
Heavy items not stored above shoulder height
Adequate storage so that chemicals are not crowded on shelves,
floor, benches, or desk
All chemicals labeled with full name, hazard, date, name of
responsible person
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Labels are primary, not labels over old labels
Empty chemical bottles carefully disposed of
Flammables in disparked refrigerators only or flammable
cabinet/10gal limit lab use
Corrosive/reactive stored below shoulder height
Chemical waste containers capped when not in use
FUME HOODS
YES
NO
COMMENTS
YES
NO
COMMENTS
YES
NO
COMMENTS
YES
NO
COMMENTS
YES
NO
COMMENTS
YES
NO
COMMENTS
Fume hoods draw adequate air/inspection tag in place
Sash operates smoothly
Adequate lighting
Hoods are CLOSED when not in use
BIOSAFETY CABINETS
Annual certification is up to date
Sash operates smoothly
Cabinet is closed when not in use
Alarms are on and working properly
BIOHAZARD SAFETY
Reusable clothing put in biosafety bag before laundering
Needles are integral to syringe; not recapped
BSL2 only – open manipulation in BSC not on workbench
UNWANTED MATERIALS MANAGEMENT
Sharps containers being used for contaminated items
Waste materials properly stored and segregated
Waste containers closed
Contaminated waste sealed before removal from lab
FIRE SAFETY
Extinguishers near exits are clearly marked
No frayed or damaged electrical cords/electrical equipment
unplugged when not in use
Exits unobstructed and unlocked
Lab doors not propped open
Open flames avoided where flammables are in use/heat sources in
good repair
Extinguishers inspected within last year
No storage with in 18” of ceiling
GAS CYLINDERS
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Cylinders securely fastened to wall with two restraints
Cylinders capped when not in use
No cylinder on wheeled carts or tables
Signature _______________________________________
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Appendix 3 – Lab Hazard Analysis
Lab Hazard Analysis
The Lab Hazards Analysis (LHA) provides a documented mechanism to answer the question “How do I know that
I’m doing my job safely?” Job Hazards Analysis addresses the five core functions of Safety Management namely:
1. Plan the work by describing the work tasks to be performed.
2. Analyze the hazards of the work.
3. Determine the controls necessary to safely perform the work.
4. Perform the Work utilizing the prescribed Controls.
5. Provide feedback and continuous improvement to enhance safety by periodically reviewing the LHA.
Questions to address
Response
 What can go wrong?
 What are the consequences?
 How could it arise?
 What are other contributing factors?
 How likely is it that the hazard will occur?
Other questions to address
 Where is it happening? (environment)
 Who or what it is happening to?
(exposure)
 What precipitates the hazard? (trigger),
 What is the outcome that would occur
should it happen? (consequence)
 Are there other contributing factors?
List Control Measures
Create an SOP
Resources:
1) Chemical Hygiene & Biosafety Plan
2) College safety polices
 http://lifesciences.byu.edu/safety/LabSafety/SafetyPolicies
3) College Safety Officer (2-6875)
4) Risk Management (2-4468)
5) Laboratory Safety Guidance: OSHA.gov
 http://www.osha.gov/Publications/laboratory/OSHA3404laboratory-safety-guidance.pdf
6) CAMEO chemical reactivity and safety information.
 http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/
5)
Prudent Practices in the Laboratory;
 Chapter 4; Evaluating Hazards and Assessing Risks in the Laboratory
http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12654&page=45
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Appendix 4 - Incompatible and Reactive Chemical Hazards
The following tables are a resource for determining chemical incompatibilities. This chart and list are not
exhaustive. Therefore, use sources such as MSDSs to determine chemical incompatibility. Information on
the most commonly used chemicals in the college can be found on the Life Sciences Safety website:
http://lifesciences.byu.edu/safety/LabSafety/MSDSInformation
INCOMPATIBLE CHEMICALS CHART
Acids,
inorganic
Acids,
inorganic
Acids,
oxidizing
Acids,
organic
Alkalis
(bases)
Oxidizers
Poisons,
inorganic
Poisons,
organic
Waterreactives
Organic
solvents
Acids,
oxidizing
X
X
X
X
Acids,
organic
Alkalis
(bases)
Oxidizers Poisons,
inorganic
Poisons,
organic
Waterreactives
Organic
solvents
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
(x-incompatible combination)
Inorganic Acid Examples: Hydrochloric acid (HCL), Nitric acid (HNO3), Phosphoric acid (H3PO4), Sulphuric
acid (H2SO4), Boric acid (H3BO3), Hydroflouric acid (HF)
Organic Acid Examples: Acetic Acid (C2H4O2), Benzoic acid (C7H6O2), Formic acid (CH2O2)
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INCOMPATIBLE CHEMICALS CHART
CHEMICAL
Acetic acid
Acetone
Acetylene
Alkali metals
Ammonia, anhydrous
Ammonium nitrate
Aniline
Arsenic materials
Azides
Bromine
Calcium oxide
Carbon (activated)
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorates
Chromic acid and chromium trioxide
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Copper
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cyanides
Flammable liquids
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen sulfide
Hypochlorites
Iodine
Mercury
Nitrates
Nitric acid (concentrated)
Nitrites
Nitroparaffins
Oxalic acid
KEEP OUT OF CONTACT WITH
Chromic acid, nitric acid, hydroxyl compounds, ethylene glycol, perchloric acid,
peroxides, permanganates and other oxidizers
Concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid mixtures, and strong bases
Chlorine, bromine, copper, fluorine, silver, mercury
Water, carbon tetrachloride or other chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, the
halogens
Mercury, chlorine, calcium hypochlorite, iodine, bromine, hydrofluoric acid
Acids, metal powders, flammable liquids, chlorates, nitrites, sulfur, finely divided
organic or combustible materials
Nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide
Any reducing agent
Acids
Same as chlorine
Water
Calcium hypochlorite, all oxidizing agents
Sodium
Ammonium salts, acids, metal powders, sulfur, finely divided organic or combustible
materials
Acetic acid, naphthalene, camphor, glycerol, glycerin, turpentine, alcohol, flammable
liquids in general
Ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, methane, propane (or other petroleum gases),
hydrogen, sodium carbide, turpentine, benzene, finely divided metals
Ammonia, methane, phosphine, hydrogen sulfide
Acetylene, hydrogen peroxide
Acids, organic or inorganic
Acids
Ammonium nitrate, chromic acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, sodium peroxide,
halogens
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, chromic acid, sodium peroxide
Nitric acid, alkali
Ammonia, aqueous or anhydrous, bases and silica
Copper, chromium, iron, most metals or their salts, alcohols, acetone, organic materials,
aniline, nitromethane, flammable liquids
Fuming nitric acid, other acids, oxidizing gases, acetylene, ammonia (aqueous or
anhydrous), hydrogen
Acids, activated carbon
Acetylene, ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous), hydrogen
Acetylene, fulminic acid, ammonia
Sulfuric acid
Acetic acid, aniline, chromic acid, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, flammable
liquids, flammable gases, copper, brass, any heavy metals
Acids
Inorganic bases, amines
Silver, mercury
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Oxygen
Perchloric acid
Peroxides, organic
Phosphorus (white)
Potassium
Potassium chlorate and perchlorate
Potassium permanganate
Selenides
Silver
Sodium
Sodium nitrite
Sodium peroxide
Sulfides
Sulfuric Acid
Tellurides
Safety Policies
Revised: 3 May 2013
Oils, grease, hydrogen; flammable liquids, solids, or gases
Acetic anhydride, bismuth and its alloys, alcohol, paper, wood, grease, and oils
Acids (organic or mineral), avoid friction, store cold
Air, oxygen, alkalis, reducing agents
Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water
Sulfuric and other acids
Glycerin, ethylene glycol, benzaldehyde, sulfuric acid
Reducing agents
Acetylene, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, ammonium compounds, fulminic acid
Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water
Ammonium nitrate and other ammonium salts
Ethyl or methyl alcohol, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, benzaldehyde, carbon
disulfide, glycerin, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, furfural
Acids
Potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium permanganate (or compounds with
similar light metals, such as sodium, lithium, etc.)
Reducing agents
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APPENDIX 5 - Highly Reactive Chemicals
The combination of certain compounds or classes of compounds can result in a violent chemical reaction
leading to an explosion or fire. Other compounds pose explosion or fire hazards when exposed to heat,
shock, or other conditions. Listed below are some of the specific compounds and combinations of
compounds that may pose explosion or fire hazards, which may be encountered in laboratories. This list
is not intended to be complete, but may help labs create specific SOP’s for the work they perform.

Acetylenic compounds are explosive in mixtures of 2.5-8.0% with air. At pressures of 2 or more
atmospheres, acetylene subjected to an electrical discharge or high temperature can decompose
explosively. Dry acetylides can detonate on receiving a slight shock. Many heavy metal acetylides
are sensitive explosives.

Aluminum chloride should be considered a potentially dangerous material. If moisture is present,
there may be sufficient decomposition (generating HCL) to build up considerable pressure. If a
bottle is to be opened after long standing, it should be completely enclosed in a heavy towel.

Ammonia reacts with iodine forming nitrogen triiodide, which is explosive, and with hypochlorites
to give chlorine. Mixtures of ammonia and organic halides sometimes react violently when heated
under pressure.

Dry benzoyl peroxide is easily ignited and sensitive to shock and may decompose spontaneously at
temperatures above 50o C. It is reported to be desensitized by addition of 20 % water.

Carbon disulfide is very toxic and very flammable; mixed with air, its vapors can be ignited by a
steam bath or pipe, a hot plate, or a glowing light bulb.

Chlorine may react violently with hydrogen or with hydrocarbons when exposed to sunlight.

Diazomethane and related compounds should be treated with extreme caution. They are very toxic
(potent carcinogens), and the pure gases and liquids explode readily. Solutions in ether are safer
from this standpoint.

Dimethyl sulfoxide decomposes violently on contact with a wide variety of active halogen
compounds. Explosions from contact with active metal hydrides have been reported.

Diethyl, diisopropyl, and other ethers (particularly the branched-chain type) sometimes explode
during heating or refluxing because of the presence of peroxides. Ferrous salts or sodium bisulfite
can be used to decompose these peroxides, and passage over basic active alumina will remove most
of the peroxidic material. In general, however, old samples of ethers should be carefully and
properly disposed of.

Ethylene oxide has been known to explode when heated in a closed vessel. Experiments using
ethylene oxide under pressure should be carried out behind suitable barricades.

Halogenated compounds such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and other halogenated
solvents should not be dried with sodium, potassium, or other active metals; violent explosions are
usually the result of such attempts.

Hydrogen peroxide stronger than 3% can be dangerous; in contact with the skin, it may cause
severe burns. Thirty percent hydrogen peroxide may decompose violently if contaminated with iron,
copper, chromium, or other metals or their salts.
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
Liquid-nitrogen cooled traps open to the atmosphere rapidly condense liquid air. Then, when the
coolant is removed, an explosive pressure buildup occurs, usually with enough force to shatter glass
equipment. Hence, only sealed or evacuated equipment should be used.

Lithium aluminum hydride should not be used to dry methyl ethers of tetrahydrofuran; fires from
this are very common. The products of its reaction with carbon dioxide have been reported to be
explosive. Carbon dioxide or bicarbonate extinguishers should not be used against lithium aluminum
hydride fires, which should be smothered with sand or some other inert substance.

Oxygen tanks: Serious explosions have resulted from contact between oil and high-pressure oxygen.
Oil should not be used on connections to an oxygen cylinder.

Ozone is a highly reactive and toxic gas. It is formed by the action of ultraviolet light on oxygen (air)
and, therefore, certain ultraviolet source may require venting to the exhaust hood. Liquid and solid
ozone are explosive substances.

Palladium or platinum on carbon, platinum oxide, Raney nickel, and other catalysts should be
filtered from catalytic hydrogenation reaction mixtures carefully. The recovered catalyst is usually
saturated with hydrogen and highly reactive and, thus, will inflame spontaneously on exposure to
air. Particularly in large-scale reactions, the filter cake should not be allowed to become dry. The
funnel containing the still-moist catalyst filter cake should be put into a water bath immediately
after completion of the filtration. Another hazard in working with such catalysts is the danger of
explosion if additional catalyst is added to a flask in which hydrogen is present.

Parr bombs used for hydrogenations have been known to explode. They should be handled with
care behind shields, and the operator should wear goggles.

Perchlorates: The use of perchlorates should be avoided whenever possible. Perchlorates should
not be used as drying agents if there is a possibility of contact with organic compounds, or in
proximity to a dehydrating acid strong enough to concentrate the perchloric acid to more than 70%
strength (e.g., in a drying train that has a bubble counter containing sulfuric acid). Seventy percent
perchloric acid can be boiled safely at approximately 200o C, but contact of the boiling undiluted
acid or the hot vapor with organic matter, or even easily oxidized inorganic matter (such as
compounds of trivalent antimony), will lead to serious explosions. Oxidizable substances must never
be allowed to contact perchloric acid. Beaker tongs, rather than rubber gloves, should be used when
handling fuming perchloric acid. Perchloric acid evaporations should be done in a hood with
adequate airflow and a built-in water spray for the ductwork behind the baffle. Frequent (weekly)
washing out of the hood and ventilator ducts with water is necessary to avoid spontaneous
combustion or explosion if this acid is in common use.

Permanganates are explosive when treated with sulfuric acid. When both compounds are used in an
absorption train, an empty trap should be placed between them.

Peroxides (inorganic): When mixed with combustible materials, barium, sodium, and potassium
peroxides form explosives that ignite easily.

Phosphorus (red and white) forms explosive mixtures with oxidizing agents. White P should be
stored under water because it is spontaneously flammable in air. The reaction of P with aqueous
hydroxides gives phosphine, which may ignite spontaneously in air or explode.

Phosphorus trichloride reacts with water to form phosphorous acid, which decomposes on heating
to form phosphine, which may ignite spontaneously or explode. Care should be taken in opening
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containers of phosphorous trichloride, and samples that have been exposed to moisture should not
be heated without adequate shielding to protect the operator.

Potassium is in general more reactive than sodium; it ignites quickly on exposure to humid air and,
therefore, should be handled under the surface of a hydrocarbon solvent such as mineral oil or
toluene. Oxidized coatings should be carefully scraped away before cutting the metal (explosions
can otherwise occur).

Residues from vacuum distillations have been known to explode when the still was vented to the
air before the residue was cool. Such explosions can be avoided by venting the still pot with
nitrogen, by cooling it before venting, or by restoring the pressure slowly.

Sodium should be stored in a closed container under kerosene, toluene, or mineral oil.

Scraps of Na or K should be destroyed by reaction with n-butyl alcohol. Contact with water should
be avoided because Na reacts with water to form hydrogen with evolution of sufficient heat to
cause ignition. Carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, and carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers should not
be used on alkali metal fires.
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Appendix 6 - List of Shock Sensitive Chemicals
Shock sensitivity is a comparative measure of the sensitivity to sudden compression (by impact or blast)
of an explosive chemical compound. Determination of the shock sensitivity of a material intended for
practical use is one important aspect of safety testing of explosives. A variety of tests and indices are in
use, of which one of the more common is the Rotter Impact Test with results expressed as FOL, which is
an inverse scale measuring the impact sensitivity of an explosive substance. At least four other impact
tests are in common use, while various "gap tests" are used to measure sensitivity to blast shock. When
some chemicals are exposed to air, they form explosive peroxides that are shock sensitive, pressure
sensitive, or heat sensitive and may explode when subject to shock or friction. Many are so sensitive
that the mere scraping of a spatula on the side of the container is sufficient to initiate an explosion.
Therefore users must have appropriate laboratory equipment, information, knowledge and training to
use these compounds safely.
These types of chemicals should be kept to a minimum by maintaining proper inventory consistent with
the rate of use. Inventory control is also important in order to dispose of chemicals that tend to form
unstable materials with age, such as ethers, or materials that become dangerous when they become
dehydrated, such as perchloric and picric acids. Shock-sensitive materials should be stored in a cool, dry
area, protected from heat and shock. During storage, the materials should be segregated from
incompatible materials including flammables and corrosives. Materials that are used specifically because
of their explosive properties should be treated as an explosive of the appropriate class and kept in a
magazine or the equivalent.
Below is a list of common shock sensitive chemicals
Acetylides of heavy metals
Fulminate of silver
Aluminum ophorite explosive
Fulminating gold
Amatol explosive (sodium amatol)
Fulminating mercury
Ammonal
Fulminating silver
Ammonium nitrate
Fulminating platinum
Ammonium perchlorate
Gelatinized nitrocellulose
Ammonium picrate
Guanyl nitrosamino guanyl tetrazene
Ammonium salt lattice
Guanyl nitrosamino guanylide hydrazine
Calcium nitrate
Heavy metal azides
Copper Acetylide
Hexanite
Cyanuric triazide
Hexanitrodiphenylamine
Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine
Hexanitrostilbene
Cyclotetramethylenetranitramine
Hexogen (Cylclotrimethylenetrinitramine)
Dinitroethyleneurea
Hydrazoic acid
Dinitroglycerine
Lead azide
Dinitrophenol
Lead mannite
Dinitrophenolates
Lead picrate
Dinitrophenyl hydrazine
Lead salts
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Dinitroresorcinol
Lead styphnate
Dinitrotoluene
Magnesium ophorite
Dipicryl sulfone
Mannitol hexanitrate
Dipicrylamine
Mercury oxalate
Erythritol tetranitrate
Mercury tartrate
Fulminate of mercury
Mononitrotoluene
Nitrated carbohydrate
Silver styphnate
Nitrated glucoside
Silver tetrazene
Nitrated polyhydric alcohol
Sodatol
Nitrogen trichloride
Sodium amatol
Nitrogen triiodide
Sodium dinitro-ortho-cresolate
Nitroglycerin
Sodium nitrate-potassium nitrate explosive
mixtures
Nitroglycol
Sodium picramate
Nitroguanidine
Styphnic acid
Nitroparaffins
Tetrazene (guanyl nitrosamino guanyl tetrazene)
Nitromethane
Tetranitrocarbazole
Nitronium perchlorate
Tetrytol
Nitrourea
Trimethylolethane
Organic amine nitrates
Trimonite
Organic nitramines
Trinitroanisole
Organic peroxides
Trinitrobenzene
Picramic acid
Trinitrobenzoic acid
Picramide
Trinitrocresol
Picratol explosive (ammonium picrate)
Trinitro-meta-cresol
Picric acid
Trinitronaphthalene
Picryl chloride
Trinitrophenol
Picryl fluoride
Trinitrophloroglucinol
Polynitro aliphatic compounds
Trinitroresorcinol
Potassium nitroaminotetrazole
Tritronal
Silver acetylide
Urea nitrate
Silver azide
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Appendix 7 – Carcinogenic / Teratogen Chemicals / Reproductive Hazards
OSHA list of thirteen known carcinogens (29 CFR 1910.1003)













4-Nitrobiphenyl, Chemical Abstracts Service Register Number (CAS No.) 92933
alpha-Naphthylamine, CAS No. 134327
methyl chloromethyl ether, CAS No. 107302
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts) CAS No. 91941
bis-Chloromethyl ether, CAS No. 542881
beta-Naphthylamine, CAS No. 91598
Benzidine, CAS No. 92875
4-Aminodiphenyl, CAS No. 92671
Ethyleneimine, CAS No. 151564
beta-Propiolactone, CAS No. 57578
2-Acetylaminofluorene, CAS No. 53963
4-Dimethylaminoazo-benzene, CAS No. 60117
N-Nitrosodimethylamine, CAS No. 62759
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10007
IARC List of Carcinogens
For the complete listing of Chemicals classified by IARC as either Group 1, carcinogenic to humans; 2A,
probably carcinogenic to humans; or B see the following link to the IARC website.
http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php
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APPENDIX 8 - RESTRICTED CHEMICALS AND PRIOR APPROVAL
Various chemical types require preapproval because of regulations or the hazardous properties of
the material. These chemicals may require special training, hazardous material storage, regulatory
approval and security.
The following classification list for hazardous or regulated chemicals requires preapproval through
Risk Management. A reference is given for each hazardous chemical classification. Contact Risk
Management with questions (422-4468)
TYPE





Controlled Substances (DEA Schedule I – V; see 21 CFR 1308.11 through 1308.15)
o NOTE: DEA Schedule I substances are not allowed on campus.
o 21 CFR 1308
o See BYU Controlled Substance Policy
Chemical Weapons
o Any material listed as a schedule 1, 2, or 3 Toxic Chemical on 15 CFR Parts 712
through 714.
 See section A of Supplement No. 1 for each part
o Title 15, Subtitle B, Chapter VII, Subchapter B
Highly Toxic
o Any chemical listed in OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119 App A, List of Highly Hazardous
Chemicals, Toxic and Reactives
o Quantities not exceeding one-hundredth (0.01 x) the listed Threshold Quantity in
pounds is allowable.
o http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS
&p_id=9761
High Energy and/or High Hazard Materials
o Any chemical listed as “Forbidden” or Hazard class “1” in column 3 of the DOT 49
CFR 172.101 – Hazardous Material Table
o 49 CFR 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table
Biological agents in Risk Groups 3 and 4.
o BMBL 5th edition, Table #1, page 10, Classification of Infectious Microorganisms by
Risk Group
o http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/BMBL5_sect_II.pdf
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Appendix 9 – Understanding a MSDS
A list of the most commonly used chemicals in the college is available on the Life Sciences Safety website
at: http://lifesciences.byu.edu/safety/LabSafety/MSDSInformation
The SIRI MSDS index is available on the Risk Management website under the <ENVIRONMENTAL>
<SERVICES> <MSDS SEARCH>. HTTP://HAZARD.COM/MSDS/
ANSI Standardized MSDS Format
Section 1
CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
Gives details on what the chemical or substance is, CAS number, synonyms, the name of
the company issuing the data sheet, and often an emergency contact number.
SECTION 2
COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Identifies the OSHA hazardous ingredients, and may include other key ingredients and
exposure limits.
SECTION 3
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION, INCLUDING EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Lists the major health effects associated with the chemical. Sometimes both the acute
and chronic hazards are given.
SECTION 4
First aid measures
Provides first aid measures that should be initiated in case of exposure.
SECTION 5
FIREFIGHTING MEASURES
Presents the fire-fighting measures to be taken.
SECTION 6
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Details the procedures to be taken in case of an accidental release. The instructions
given may not be sufficiently comprehensive in all cases, and local rules and procedures
should be utilized to supplement the information given in the MSDS sheet.
SECTION 7
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Addresses the storage and handling information for the chemical. This is an important
section as it contains information on the flammability, explosive risk, propensity to form
peroxides, and chemical incompatibility for the substance. It also addresses any special
storage requirements for the chemical (i.e., special cabinets or refrigerators).
SECTION 8
EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
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Outlines the regulatory limits for exposure, usually the maximum permissible exposure
limits (PEL). The PEL, issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, tells
the concentration of air contamination a person can be exposed to for 8 hours a day, 40
hours per week over a working lifetime (30 years) without suffering adverse health
effects. It also provides information on personal protective equipment.
SECTION 9
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Gives the physical and chemical properties of the chemical. Information such as the
evaporation rate, specific gravity, and flash points are given.
SECTION 10
STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Provides the stability and reactivity information of the chemical with chemical
incompatibilities and conditions to avoid.
SECTION 11
TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Provides both the acute and chronic toxicity of the chemical and any health effects that
may be attributed to the chemical.
SECTION 12
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Identifies both the ecotoxicity and the environmental fate of the chemical.
SECTION 13
OFFERS SUGGESTIONS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF THE CHEMICAL.
Local, state, and Federal regulations should be followed.
SECTION 14
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Provides transportation information required by the Department of Transportation. This
often identifies the dangers associated with the chemical, such as flammability, toxicity,
radioactivity, and reactivity.
SECTION 15
REGULATORY INFORMATION
Outlines regulatory information for the chemical. The hazard codes for the chemical are
given along with principle hazards associated with the chemical. A variety of country
and/or state specific details may be given.
SECTION 16
OTHER INFORMATION
Provides additional information, such as the label warnings, preparation and revision
dates, name of the person or firm that prepared the MSDS, disclaimers, and references
used to prepare the MSDS.
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NOTE: Not all MSDS are up to date or accurate. Some areas are too general and lack adequate
information to allow the reviewer to make an informed decision. Two examples of this are Section 8,
Exposure Controls/Personal Protection and Section 13, Disposal Considerations. Often both of these
sections are too general to be useful.
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APPENDIX 10 - SAFETY CHECKLIST FOR COMPRESSED GASES
IN CYLINDERS OR PORTABLE TANKS
 Are cylinders stored in upright positions and immobilized by chains or other means to prevent
them from being knocked over?
 Are cylinders stored away from highly flammable substances such as oil, gasoline, or waste
 Are cylinders stored away from electrical connections, gas flames or other sources of ignition,
and substances such as flammable solvents and combustible waste material?
 Are flammable gases separated from oxidizing gases in storage areas?
 Are oxygen and fuel gas cylinders separated by a minimum of 20 feet when in storage?
 Are storage rooms for cylinders dry, cool, and well- ventilated?
 Are cylinders stored away from incompatibles, excessive heat, continuous dampness, salt or
other corrosive chemicals, and any areas that may subject them to damage?
 Is the storage area permanently posted with the names of the gases stored in the cylinders?
 Do all compressed gas cylinders have their contents and precautionary labeling clearly marked
on their exteriors?
 Are all compressed gas cylinder valve covers in place when cylinders are not in use?
 Are all compressed gas cylinders stored so they do not interfere with exit paths?
 Are all compressed gas cylinders subjected to periodic hydrostatic testing and interior
inspection? This is normally done by the supplier and marked on the cylinder.
 Do all compressed gas cylinders have safety pressure relief valves?
 Are cylinders always maintained at temperatures below 125ºF?
 Are safety relief devices in the valve or on the cylinder free from any indication of tampering?
 Is repair or alteration to the cylinder, valve, or safety relief devices prohibited?
 Is painting cylinders without authorization by the owner prohibited?
 Are charged or full cylinders labeled and stored away from empty cylinders?
 Is the bottom of the cylinder protected from the ground to prevent rusting?
 Are all compressed gas cylinders regularly inspected for corrosion, pitting, cuts, gouges, digs,
bulges, neck defects and general distortion?
 Are cylinder valves closed at all times, except when the valve is in use?
 Are compressed gas cylinders always moved, even short distances, by a suitable hand truck?
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 Is using wrenches or other tools for opening and closing valves prohibited?
 Are suitable pressure regulating devices in use whenever the gas is emitted to systems with
pressure-rated limitations lower than the cylinder pressure?
 Are all compressed gas cylinder connections such as pressure regulators, manifolds, hoses,
gauges, and relief valves checked for integrity and tightness?
 Are all compressed gas cylinders regularly subjected to leak detection using an approved leak
detecting liquid?
 Is an approved leak-detection liquid used to detect flammable gas leaks? A flame should never
be used.
 Are procedures established for when a compressed gas cylinder leak cannot be remedied by
simply tightening the valve?
The procedures should include the following:
o
Attach tag to the cylinder stating it is unserviceable.
o
Remove cylinder to a well-ventilated out of doors location.
o
If the gas is flammable or toxic, place an appropriate sign at the cylinder warning of these
hazards.
o
Notify the gas supplier and follow his/her instructions as to the return of the cylinder.
 Are students/employees prohibited from using compressed gases (air) to clean clothing or work
surfaces?
 Are compressed gases only handled by experienced and properly trained people?
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Appendix 11 – Model Exposure Control Plan
(In the following document all bold underlined wording should be deleted and replaced with names or
titles for the specific department. While a department may use their own format the content of the ECP
as outlined in the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard is mandatory.)
POLICY
The BYU College of Life Sciences (Department/Lab) is committed to providing a safe and healthful work
environment for our entire staff. In pursuit of this endeavor, the following exposure control plan (ECP) is
provided to eliminate or minimize occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens in accordance with
OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.1030, "Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens."
This ECP includes:


Determination of employee exposure
Implementation of various methods of exposure control, including:
o Universal precautions
o Engineering and work practice controls
o Personal protective equipment
o Housekeeping





Hepatitis B vaccination
Post-exposure evaluation and follow-up
Communication of hazards to employees and training
Record keeping
Procedures for evaluating circumstances surrounding an exposure incident
The methods of implementation of these elements of the standard are discussed in the subsequent
pages of this ECP.
1. PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION
(Name of Department/lab responsible person) is (are) responsible for the implementation of the ECP.
(Name of responsible person) will maintain, review, and update the ECP at least annually, and
whenever necessary to include new or modified tasks and procedures. Contact location/phone number:
Those employees who are determined to have occupational exposure to blood or other potentially
infectious materials (OPIM) must comply with the procedures and work practices outlined in this ECP.
(Name of responsible person or department) will maintain and provide all necessary personal
protective equipment (PPE), engineering controls (e.g., sharps containers), labels, and red bags as
required by the standard. (Name of responsible person or department) will ensure that adequate
supplies of the aforementioned equipment are available in the appropriate sizes. Contact
location/phone number:
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Rebecca Scholl and/or (Name of responsible person) will be responsible for ensuring that all medical
actions required are performed and that appropriate employee health and OSHA records are
maintained. Contact location/phone number: 387 WIDB, 2-6875
Rebecca Scholl and/or (Name of responsible person) will be responsible for training, documentation of
training, and making the written ECP available to employees, OSHA, and NIOSH representatives. This
includes initial training, annual refresher training and specific training necessary if new tasks are
assigned requiring such training. Contact location/phone number: 387 WIDB, 2-6875
2. EMPLOYEE EXPOSURE DETERMINATION
The following is a list of all job classifications in our department in which all employees have
occupational exposure:
Job Title
(CLS Student
Department/Location
MMBio
Task/Procedure
Handling of human blood)
The following is a list of job classifications in which some employees at our establishment have
occupational exposure. Included is a list of tasks and procedures, or groups of closely related tasks and
procedures, in which occupational exposure may occur for these individuals:
Job Title
(Research Assistant
Department/Location
PDBIO
Task/Procedure
Handling regulated
biohazard waste)
3. METHODS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTROL
3.a Universal Precautions
All employees will utilize universal precautions. This means that all blood or other potentially
contaminated material will be handled as if it were contaminated with a blood borne pathogen.
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3.b Training On Exposure Control Plan
Employees covered by the blood borne pathogens standard receive an explanation of this ECP during
their initial training session. It will also be reviewed in their annual refresher training. All employees
have an opportunity to review this plan at any time during their work shifts by contacting (Name of
responsible person or department). If requested, we will provide an employee with a copy of the ECP
free of charge and within 15 days of the request.
(Name of responsible person) is responsible for reviewing and updating the ECP annually or more
frequently if necessary to reflect any new or modified tasks and procedures, which affect occupational
exposure, and to reflect new or revised employee positions with occupational exposure.
3.c Engineering Controls and Work Practices
Engineering controls and work practice controls will be used to prevent or minimize exposure to blood
borne pathogens. These should be used whenever handling blood or OPIM and when specified in the
protocol. The specific engineering controls and work practice controls used are:
 Biosafety Cabinet
 Self capping needles
 Disposable gloves
 Lab coats
 Safety glasses
 Hand washing - after removal of gloves or other PPE; after any type of spill
 All procedures involving blood or OPIM will be performed in such a manner as to minimize
splashing, spraying, splattering, and generation of droplets of these substances
 Work surfaces will be cleaned at the end of the shift or immediately after a spill.
o Suitable disinfectant is (Name of disinfectant to be used)
Sharps disposal containers are inspected and maintained or replaced by (Name of responsible person
or department) when they are at least 2/3rd full or whenever necessary to prevent overfilling.
This department identifies the need for changes in engineering control and work practices through:
 Regulatory committee review of protocols and inspections
o IBC
o IACUC
o CDC
o DHS
o OSHA
 University inspections/review of existing procedures and evaluate new procedures and products
by:
o College Safety Officer
o University Biosafety Officer
o IBC review
o Laboratory PI/Supervisor
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(Name of responsible person) will ensure effective implementation of these recommendations.
3.d Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
PPE is provided to our employees at no cost to them. Training is provided by (Name of responsible
person) in the use of the appropriate PPE for the tasks or procedures employees will perform.
The types of PPE available to employees are as follows:
 Gloves
 Lab coats / aprons / protective gown / booties
 Safety glasses
 Respirators – Respirators are obtained directly from Kerry Smith in Risk Management. Before
respirators are issued the employee will need to have a fit test and training from Kerry Smith.
PPE is located within the lab and may be obtained through Life Sciences Stockroom or Chemistry Central
Store. Charges for PPE will be charged directly to the PI/Lab Supervisors account. Items needing to be
ordered through an outside vendor (protective gowns/booties) will purchased directly by the PI/Lab
Supervisor.
All employees using PPE must observe the following precautions:
1. Wash hands immediately or as soon as feasible after removal of gloves or other PPE.
2. Remove PPE after it becomes contaminated, and before leaving the work area.
3. Used PPE may be disposed of in (List appropriate containers for storage, laundering,
decontamination, or disposal)
o Gloves –solid biohazard waste container
o Lab coats can be laundered by BYU laundry services
 Contaminated lab coats should be placed in a biohazard bag before transporting
to laundry (881 W 1700N) for cleaning. Request high temperature rinse.
4. Wear appropriate gloves when it can be reasonably anticipated that there may be hand contact
with blood or OPIM, and when handling or touching contaminated items or surfaces; replace
gloves if torn, punctured, contaminated, or if their ability to function as a barrier is
compromised.
5. Utility gloves may be decontaminated for reuse if their integrity is not compromised; discard
utility gloves if they show signs of cracking, peeling, tearing, puncturing, or deterioration
6. Never wash or decontaminate disposable gloves for reuse
7. Wear appropriate face and eye protection when splashes, sprays, spatters, or droplets of blood
or OPIM pose a hazard to the eye, nose, or mouth.
8. Remove immediately or as soon as feasible any garment contaminated by blood or OPIM, in
such a way as to avoid contact with the outer surface.
The procedure for handling used PPE is as follows: (may refer to specific agency procedure by title or
number and last date of review)
 Safety glasses / face shields / goggles – clean with 10% bleach weekly or when visibly
contaminated
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(For example, how and where to decontaminate face shields, eye protection, resuscitation
equipment)
3.e Housekeeping
Regulated waste is placed in containers provided by Chemicals Management (2-4468) or containers
which are closable, constructed to contain all contents and prevent leakage, appropriately labeled or
color-coded (Labels can be obtained fromRebecca Scholl), and closed prior to removal to prevent
spillage or protrusion of contents during handling.
Sharps containers are picked up by Chemicals Management for disposal. Containers must be closed
prior to pickup.
Other regulated waste is placed in a red bag or in a bag with the Biohazard symbol and placed in a lined
biowaste container in room.
Autoclaves used for the decontamination of regulated waste must be tested using a spore strip or
equivalent means within one week of the date that a regulated material is autoclaved. In addition an
autoclave log must be maintained showing the date, autoclave temperatures, and duration of cycle and
name of the individual responsible for operating the autoclave used to sterilize a load of regulated
waste.
Contaminated sharps are discarded immediately or as soon as possible in containers that are closable,
puncture- resistant, leak proof on sides and bottoms, and labeled or color-coded appropriately. Sharps
disposal containers are available at Life Sciences Stockroom or Chemistry Stores.
Bins and pails (e.g., wash or emesis basins) are cleaned and decontaminated as soon as feasible after
visible contamination.
Broken glassware, which may be contaminated, is picked up using mechanical means, such as a brush
and dustpan. And placed in a contaminated sharps container.
3.f Laundry
Laundry contaminated with blood or other potentially contaminated material should be placed in a
dissolvable plastic bag then placed in a red bag. This should then be taken to Textile Cleaning Services
and laundered.
At the laundry facility, people handling red bag materials will wear gloves and place the dissolvable bags
directly into the washing machines.
3.g Labels
The following labeling method(s) is used in this facility:
Equipment to be Labeled
Label Type (size, color, etc.)
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Red Biohazard symbol – Obtained from Rebecca
Scholl
Name of responsible person) will ensure warning labels are affixed or red bags are used as required if
regulated waste or contaminated equipment is brought into the facility. Employees are to notify
Rebecca Scholl if they discover regulated waste containers, refrigerators containing blood or OPIM,
contaminated equipment, etc. without proper labels.
3.h Task Procedures
(Provided by PI/Lab Supervisor. See Appendix A for complete protocols)
Example 1- Suggested procedures for the ECP section on spill cleanup.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Secure the area (limit foot traffic) and inform others in the area about the contamination.
Obtain all of the equipment and cleaning supplies necessary for the cleanup, prior to
performing the cleanup. Note:List disinfectant by name and dilution. Disinfectants need to
be capable of destroying Hepatitis B virus.
Use gloves and if appropriate, lab coat and goggles. Goggles and outer coverings are
required if there is a risk of splashing the blood or OPIM.
Remove any sharps and/or broken glass by using engineering controls such as pliers or
tongs, and place the sharps and/or contaminated broken glass into a sharps container.
If the blood or OPIM could spatter then absorb the excess blood or OPIM with paper towels
or kitty litter prior to disinfecting the contaminated area
Apply a disinfectant to the contaminated surface(s), and allow contact time as designated by
the disinfectant manufacturer. (typically 5 to 10 minutes).
Following proper disinfection, use a sponge, paper towels, or mop to wipe the treated
surface clean, and dispose of the contaminated material(s) in a proper biohazard bag.
Use a 10% bleach solution or a disinfectant capable of destroying Hepatitis B virus to clean
your protective gloves, but do not remove the gloves yet.
Using the 10% bleach solution or disinfectant, clean the reusable items of PPE as you
remove them.
While wearing the gloves, remove and properly dispose of the other disposable PPE.
Decontaminate the protective gloves again, remove them and dispose of them properly.
Properly seal the waste container(s) and bag(s), and dispose of them through Environmental
Management.
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4. HEPATITIS B VACCINATION
Rebecca Scholl or Edwin Jackson will provide training to employees on hepatitis B vaccinations,
addressing the safety, benefits, efficacy, methods of administration, and availability. Employees are not
required to participate in a prescreening program, as a prerequisite for receiving hepatitis B vaccination.
The hepatitis B vaccination series is available at no cost after training and within 10 days of initial
assignment to employees identified in the exposure determination section of this plan. Vaccination is
encouraged unless: 1) documentation exists that the employee has previously received the series, 2)
antibody testing reveals that the employee is immune, or 3) medical evaluation shows that vaccination
is contraindicated.
However, if an employee chooses to decline vaccination, the employee must sign a declination form.
Employees who decline may request and obtain the vaccination at a later date at no cost.
Documentation of refusal of the vaccination is kept at (List location or person responsible for this
recordkeeping).
If an employee initially declines hepatitis B vaccination (and signs the required form) but at a later date,
while still covered under the standard, decides to accept the vaccination, (the department name) shall
make available the hepatitis B vaccination at that time.
If a routine booster dose(s) of hepatitis B vaccine is recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service at a
future date, such booster dose(s) shall be made available to employees.
Vaccination will be provided by the Student Health Center on BYU Provo campus.
Following hepatitis B vaccinations, the health care professional's Written Opinion will be limited to
whether the employee requires the hepatitis vaccine, and whether the vaccine was administered.
For people identified as having a high risk of exposure to blood or other potentially contaminated
material as part of their routing duties, the HBV vaccine will be evaluated by testing the blood of the
vaccinated person for HBV protective antibody titer within two months of completion of the vaccine
series. The need for this post-vaccination evaluation will be determined by BYU Student Health Center
physicians.
5. POST-EXPOSURE EVALUATION AND FOLLOW-UP
5a Immediate response to an exposure incident. It is important that the medical evaluation and if
necessary the initiation of post exposure prophylaxis be started as soon as possible after the exposure
incident. Typically treatment should be started within two hours of the exposure incident.
1.
Clean the wound, wash or flush the contaminated area.
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1.
2.
Safety Policies
Revised: 3 May 2013
Contact Urgent Care at the Student Health Center at the following number: 2-5128 from
8:00 am to 6:00 pm. During the night or weekends, go directly to the Utah Valley Regional
Medical Center for evaluation and post exposure follow-up.
Rebecca Scholl and/or Edwin Jackson will obtain the following information.
a.
Document the routes of exposure and how the exposure occurred.
b.
Identify and document the source individual (unless the employer can establish that
identification is infeasible or prohibited by state or local law).
c.
Obtain consent and make arrangements to have the source individual tested as
soon as possible to determine HIV, HCV, and HBV infectivity; document that the
source individual's test results were conveyed to the employee's health care
provider. If the source individual is already known to be HIV, HCV and/or HBV
positive, new testing need not be performed.
d.
Assure that the exposed employee is provided with the source individual's test
results and with information about applicable disclosure laws and regulations
concerning the identity and infectious status of the source individual (e.g., laws
protecting confidentiality).
e.
After obtaining consent, collect exposed employee's blood as soon as feasible after
exposure incident, and test blood for HBV and HIV serological status.
f.
If the employee does not give consent for HIV serological testing during collection of
blood for baseline testing, preserve the baseline blood sample for at least 90 days; if
the exposed employee elects to have the baseline sample tested during this waiting
period, perform testing as soon as feasible.
g.
Note: The employer will furnish post-exposure prophylaxis, for hepatitis B, and or
HIV when medically indicated as recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service,
counseling; and evaluation of the reported illnesses.
5b ADMINISTRATION OF POST-EXPOSURE EVALUATION AND FOLLOW-UP
Risk Management and Safety ensures that the health care professional(s) responsible for employee's
hepatitis B vaccination and post-exposure evaluation and follow-up are given a copy of OSHA's
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. Rebecca Scholl will inform Risk Management that a bloodborne
exposure has occurred.
Rebecca Scholl ensures that the health care professional evaluating an employee after an exposure
incident receives the following:
 a description of the employee's job duties relevant to the exposure incident
 route(s) of exposure
 circumstances surrounding the exposure incident
 if possible, results of the source individual's blood test
 relevant employee medical records, including vaccination status
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Student Health Center provides the employee with a copy of the evaluating health care professional's
written opinion within 15 days after completion of the evaluation.
5 c PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATING THE CIRCUMSTANCES SURROUNDING AN EXPOSURE INCIDENT
The Rebecca Scholl will review the circumstances of all exposure incidents to determine:
 engineering controls in use at the time
 work practices followed
 a description of the device being used
 protective equipment or clothing that was used at the time of the exposure incident (gloves,
eye shields, etc.)
 location of the incident
 procedure being performed when the incident occurred
 employee's training
If it is determined that revisions need to be made, Rebecca Scholl will ensure that appropriate changes
are made to this ECP. (Changes may include an evaluation of safer devices, adding employees to the
exposure determination list, etc.)
6. EMPLOYEE TRAINING
All employees who have occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens receive training conducted by
Rebecca Scholl and/or (Name of responsible person or department Attach a brief description of their
qualifications.)
All employees who have occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens receive training on the
epidemiology, symptoms, and transmission of blood borne pathogen diseases. In addition, the training
program covers, at a minimum, the following elements:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
a copy and explanation of the standard
an explanation of our ECP and how to obtain a copy
an explanation of methods to recognize tasks and other activities that may involve exposure
to blood and OPIM, including what constitutes an exposure incident
an explanation of the use and limitations of engineering controls, work practices, and PPE
an explanation of the types, uses, location, removal, handling, decontamination, and
disposal of PPE
an explanation of the basis for PPE selection
information on the hepatitis B vaccine, including information on its efficacy, safety, method
of administration, the benefits of being vaccinated, and that the vaccine will be offered free
of charge
information on the appropriate actions to take and persons to contact in an emergency
involving blood or OPIM
an explanation of the procedure to follow if an exposure incident occurs, including the
method of reporting the incident and the medical follow-up that will be made available
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j.
k.
l.
Safety Policies
Revised: 3 May 2013
information on the post-exposure evaluation and follow-up that the employer is required to
provide for the employee following an exposure incident
an explanation of the signs and labels and/or color coding required by the standard and
used at this facility
an opportunity for interactive questions and answers with the person conducting the
training session.
Training materials for this facility are available at ytrain (ytrain.byu.edu) and (Location).
8 RECORDKEEPING
Training Records
Training records are completed for each employee upon completion of training. These documents will
be kept for at least three years at (Name of responsible person or location of records).
The training records include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
the dates of the training sessions
the contents or a summary of the training sessions
the names and qualifications of persons conducting the training
the names and job titles of all persons attending the training sessions
Employee training records are provided upon request to the employee or the employee's authorized
representative within 15 working days. Such requests should be addressed Rebecca Scholl
8.a Medical Records
Medical records are maintained for each employee with occupational exposure in accordance with 29
CFR 1910.20, "Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records."
The Student Health Center is responsible for maintenance of the required medical records. These
confidential records are kept at the student health center for at least the duration of employment plus
30 years.
Employee medical records are provided upon request of the employee or to anyone having written
consent of the employee within 15 working days. Such requests should be sent Rebecca Scholl, 387
WIDB.
8.b Needlestick Records
The following information is collected and submitted to Risk Management for each percutaneous injury
from a contaminated sharp on a standard Supervisors Report.
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(A) the type and brand of device involved in the incident,
(B) the department or work area where the exposure incident occurred, and
(C) an explanation of how the incident occurred.
8.c OSHA Record keeping
An exposure incident is evaluated to determine if the case meets OSHA's Record Keeping Requirements
(29 CFR 1904). Risk Management and Safety makes this determination and completes the recording
activities.
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9 HEPATITIS B VACCINE DECLINATION (MANDATORY)
I understand that due to my occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials I
may be at risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. I have been given the opportunity to be
vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, at no charge to myself. However, I decline hepatitis B vaccination at
this time. I understand that by declining this vaccine, I continue to be at risk of acquiring hepatitis B, a
serious disease. If in the future I continue to have occupational exposure to blood or other potentially
infectious materials and I want to be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, I can receive the vaccination
series at no charge to me.
Name of Employee (Please Print)
Date
Signature of Employee _
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Appendix 12 – Food Laboratory Designation
The following is a list of laboratories located with the department of NDFS and their regulatory
requirements. Labs designated as food labs are regulated by the FDA and not subject to the OSHA lab
standard and should not contain any chemicals or substances as defined by the lab standard. Labs
designated as subject to Hazcom regulations will follow the polices of the OSHA Hazcom and lab
standards.
Room #
PURPOSE
Hazardous
substances? (as
defined by OSHA)
Food
eaten?
Subject to Lab
Standard
Regulations
Subject only
to Food Lab
Regulations
S103 ESC
Teaching/Research
no
yes
√
S113 ESC
Research
no
yes
√
S115 ESC
Teaching/Research
no
yes
√
S126 ESC
Research
S128 ESC
Teaching/Research
no
yes
√
S134 ESC
Teaching
no
yes
√
S197 ESC
Teaching
no
yes
√
S169 ESC
Research
no
yes
√
S145 ESC
Teaching/Research
yes
no
√
S126 ESC
Research
yes
no
√
S161 ESC
Research
yes
no
√
S185 ESC
Research/ Teaching
yes
no
√
S188 ESC
Research
yes
no
√
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Appendix 13 – Non-compliance Report
Lab Safety Non-compliance Report
Brigham Young University
College of Life Sciences
Revised: April 2013
Student Name:
Student ID Number:
Date of Warning:
Class: (ie. Bio120 sec 001)
Warning issued by:
Type of Violation:
[ ]
SAFETY
[ ]
Other
Supervisor’s Report:
[ ] Improper street clothes worn in lab (shorts or sandals)
[ ] Gloves in hallway
[ ] Food in lab
[ ] Other – Explain below
Supervisor’s
Signature:
Date:
Student’s Statement:
Student’s Signature:
Date:
[ ] I would like to receive a copy of this statement for my records
* Multiple warnings in the same academic semester may result in a lowered or failing grade
and/or dismissal from the class.
** Please be aware that this report will be kept on file with the College Safety Officer for the
length of the semester and may be discussed at safety meetings in the future.
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Appendix 14 – General Injury Report
*Completed forms should be submitted to the college safety coordinator; 387 WIDB.
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Appendix 15 – Waste Regulations Summary
Regulations Summary



The laboratory must remain "under the control of the operator" (i.e., when nobody is in the lab
the door must be closed and locked).
Incompatible wastes and waste types must be segregated.
Waste containers must be closed or tied off before pickup
Solids  Biohazard Container (provided by Environmental Management)
All potentially infectious material that will not puncture the skin (e.g., fixed tissues, solid cultures,
contaminated plastic and gloves, and petri dishes).

Biohazard
Waste



All petri dishes and cell culture bottles, regardless of the contamination status, should be
disposed of in the biohazard container. This includes any clean or broken plates.
Plastic tips and other objects capable of puncturing the bag should be placed into smaller red
bags before being put in the biohazard container.
Only fixed tissue, no unfixed tissues.
NO LIQUIDS, NO SHARPS, NO METAL, NO GLASS
Contact Environmental Management for pickup. The container will be replaced.
Liquids  Liquid Biohazard Container (provided by Environmental Management)
Blood, sectioned fluid, bodily fluid, excretions, secretions, cultures*, etc.



Add 3% sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) to fill mark.
Add liquid biohazard materials until full mark. Do not overfill
For liquid biohazard materials mixed with chemicals contact the College Safety Coordinator:
(801) 422-6875
Contact Environmental Management for pickup. Must verify in notes field that liquid was sterilized.
The container will be replaced.
* Lab personnel, following an approved protocol, may dispose of liquid culture media down the
drain.
ContactContainer
the College
Safety Coordinator for information.
Sharps
 Sharps
(Lab-supplied)
Any potentially infectious objects capable of puncturing the skin or collection bag (e.g., needles,
scalpel blades, glass slides and glass test tubes).

Small items and/or volumes: Place in sharps container (available from the Life Sciences
Stockroom, 1100 LSB). Do not use glass bottles as a sharps container.
 Large items and/or volumes: Line a 12x12x18 box (available from Life Sciences stockroom, 1100
LSB) with a biohazard bag. Label box with “Biohazardous Glass Waste” sticker (available from
College Safety Coordinator).
 Close sharps container lid or tie bag and seal box before pickup.
Contact Environmental Management for pickup. The container will not be returned.
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Unfixed Tissue  Freeze for Pickup
Any unfixed tissue, part or whole animals.
 Place in biohazard bag and store in freezer.
 Tie off bag when ready for pickup.
Contact Environmental Management for pickup.
Liquid Chemical Materials  Unwanted Liquid Chemical Container (provided by Environmental
Management)
Unwanted
Chemicals
Inorganics, organics, flammable unwanted chemical material.
 Place into appropriate, compatible container with screw-top lid.
 Fill out container log with contents added.
 Only fill container two-thirds full.
 Specimens must be removed before adding used preserving solutions.
 Containers are to be kept closed except when adding materials.
 NO POURING CHEMICALS DOWN DRAIN.
Contact Environmental Management for pickup. The container will be replaced.
Solid Chemical Materials  Unwanted Solid Chemical Container (Provided by Environmental
Management)
Solid chemical debris such as agarose gels.
 NO METAL, NO GLASS.
 Only fill container two-thirds full.
 Fill out log for container contents.
 Keep container closed except when adding materials.
Contact Environmental Management for pickup. The container will be replaced.
Unneeded Chemicals  Redistribution
Chemicals no longer used in your lab, but that may be of use to other labs.
Contact Environmental Management for pickup.
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Radioactive Materials  Appropriate Container Labeled RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS (Lab-supplied)


Radioactive
Waste
Separate by isotope.
Label container with isotope, the amount in microcuries, the lab number, the generator, and the
date.
Contact Environmental Management for pickup. The container will not be replaced.
Non-infectious or non-hazardous objects capable of puncturing skin or trash bag (e.g., broken glassware,
glass).
Nonhazardous
Glass & Sharps
Waste
 Place in puncture-resistant box. (e.g. cardboard box with sealed bottom)
 Close and seal box with tape when two-thirds full.
 NO LIQUIDS, NO NEEDLES, NO RAZOR BLADES  Use sharps container
 Label “Caution: Broken Glass.”
Place next to trash for pick up by custodial.
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Appendix 16 – Common Zoonotic Infections
The following is a list of some of the more important zoonotic agents that may be encountered in Utah
Disease
Agent
Reservoir
Portal of entry or
vector
Anthrax (uncommon in
Utah)
Bacillus anthracis
Cattle, sheep, goats
Direct contact,
respiratory
Bovine tuberculosis
Mycobacterium bovis
Cattle
Direct contact,
respiratory
Brucellosis
Brucella sp
Cattle, goats, swine
Direct contact,
respiratory
Campylobacter
Campylobacter jejuni
Wild mammals, cattle,
sheep
Oral
Leptospirosis
Leptospira sp
Cattle, rodents
Oral, cutaneous
Pasturellosis
Pasturella multocida
Animal oral cavities
Bites
Plague
Yersinia pestis
Rodents
Flea, respiratory
Other Yersinia
Y. enterocolitica, Y.
psedotuberculosis
Wild mammals, pigs,
cattle
Oral
Relapsing Fever
Borrelia sp
Rodents
Body louse
Salmonellosis
Salmonella serotypes
Rodents, poultry,
livestock, reptiles
Oral
Rickettsial spotted
fevers
R. rickettsia
Rodents
Ticks
Murine typhus
Rickettsia typhi
Rodents
Fleas
Q Fever
Coxiella burnetii
Sheep, cattle, goats
Respiratory
Cat Scratch Fever
Bartonella henselae
Cats
Scratch, lick, bite
Tularemia
Fancisella tularenensis
Mammals
Direct contact,
respiratory
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Rat Bite Fever
(up to 10% mortality if
untreated)
Safety Policies
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Streptobacilus
moniliformis
Rats
Bite
Spirillum minus
Tuberculosis like
disease
Mycobacterium aviumintracellulaare complex
Birds, pigs
Respiratory, direct
contact
Psittacosis
Chlamydia psittaci
Birds
Respiratory
Toxoplasmosis (very
dangerous to the fetus)
Toxoplasma gondii
Cats
Oral
Alveolar Hydatid
disease
Echinococcus
multilocularis
Coyotes, dogs, foxes,
cats, rodents
Oral
Hydatid Disease
Echinococcus
granulosus
Dogs, other carnivores
Oral
Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidium
parvum
Many animals
Oral
Rabies
Rabies Virus
Bats, raccoons,
unvaccinated domestic
animals, others
Bite, scratch (saliva may
contain high viral titers
and pass through any
break in the skin)
Hanta Virus Pulmonary
Syndrome (about 50%
fatality rate)
Sin Nombre Virus
Rodents (Peromyscus
maniculatus)
Respiratory
Lymphocytic
Choriomeningitis
Lymphocytic
choriomeningitis Virus
Rodents esp Mus
musculus (house
mounce)
Repiratory, oral, direct
contact
(about 5 cases/year in
the U.S. but infection is
essentially universally
fatal)
California, Alaska, Utah
Western U.S.
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