SÜLEYMAN ŞAH UNIVERSITY/ FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT
MODULE 3 B1 LEVEL 3rd READING QUIZ
DATE: ______________ 2014
READING TEXT 1:
CRIMES
Every community in the World recognizes certain activities as crimes. Because of this, each has
developed its own way of dealing with crimes and has chosen a number of different punishments to match
them. So, society identifies crimes, administers justice, and then imposes suitable punishments.
It is surprising, however, how much the various societies of the world differ in the areas of crime,
justice and punishment. What may be a crime in one country is often perfectly acceptable in another. For
example, as you may know, jaywalking, that is, not crossing the road at the proper crossing place, is illegal
in areas of the world such as North America, but in other areas, quite legal. As well as deciding what is legal
and what is illegal, societies must also decide whether a crime is petty or serious. For example, carrying a
gun is a very serious offence in some countries, but a very petty one in others.
Similarly, the ways of administering justice differ from country to country. In some countries a
person is considered innocent until he is proved guilty, but in others the opposite is true. In other words, in
the former it is the job of the authorities to prove that the person has committed a crime whereas in the latter
it is the individual’s task to prove his innocence.
Crimes vary, systems of justice vary, but the greatest variation between countries is in the methods of
punishment that they use. For example, a person convicted of theft in some parts of the Middle East might
face a severe penalty, whereas the same crime would receive a relatively lenient punishment in some
Scandinavian countries. Denmark provides a good example of the more lenient approach to crime and
punishment. About half the people sent to prison there go to what is called an ‘open prison’. In these prisons,
the inmates are allowed to wear their own clothes, provide their own food, bring in their own furniture and
have their own radios or television in the cell.
They are not locked in their cells at night, although each prisoner is given a key to his own cell and
can lock the door at night if he wishes. Most open prisons in Denmark also have special rooms where
prisoners can entertain friends, husbands or wives unsupervised, in privacy and comfort, for at least an hour
a week.
After four weeks in a Danish open prison, a prisoner is normally entitled to a ‘holiday’ outside the
prison. Usually he is allowed out of prison. Usually he is allowed out of prison for one weekend every three
weeks. Of course, prisoners do not have to leave the prison every three weeks- they can save up their
weekends away and take a break of up to eight days if they prefer. Prisoners in open prisons in Denmark are
also allowed out for a whole range of activities such as buying clothes, visiting the doctor or simply going
for a walk with their visitors. If a prisoner needs to leave the prison for educational purposes – attending a
course or receiving technical training- then, in certain circumstances, he may be allowed to spend the night
outside the prison.
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SÜLEYMAN ŞAH UNIVERSITY/ FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT
MODULE 3 B1 LEVEL 3rd READING QUIZ
DATE: ______________ 2014
A. Mark the statements as True (T) or False (F).
1. Every society has a different way of dealing with crimes.
2. An individual has to prove his innocence wherever he lives.
3. The method of punishment is the biggest difference between countries.
4. Theft is severely punished in Scandinavia.
5. Nearly half of Denmark's population lives in open prisons.
6. In some Danish prisons uniforms are not required.
7. Prisoners in Denmark can spend the night outside prison any time they want to.
B. Answer the questions below.
1. In what way does Denmark differ from some Middle Eastern countries?
2. How long does a Danish prisoner have to spend in prison before he can go out for the first time?
3. Write two kinds of activities that Danish prisoners can go out for.
READING TEXT 2:
STRESS
Stress is considered to be a natural part of the contemporary world. Everybody is exposed to a certain
amount of stress. Nonetheless, it should be made clear that stress doesn’t occupy a greater place in our lives
today than it did in the past. Although cavemen didn’t have to worry about the stock market or the atomic
bomb, they worried about being eaten by a bear while they were asleep or about dying of hunger- things that
few people worry much about today. It’s not that people suffer more stress today; it’s just that they think
they do. Everybody thinks that he or she is under the greatest stress. The truth is that everybody actually is
under stress because if we really managed to avoid stress completely, we would be dead.
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SÜLEYMAN ŞAH UNIVERSITY/ FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT
MODULE 3 B1 LEVEL 3rd READING QUIZ
DATE: ______________ 2014
Stress is the response of the body to any demand. Stress is the state you are in, not the agent that
produces it, which is called a stressor. Cold and heat are stressors. However, having a highly developed
central nervous system, man most frequently suffers from stress due to emotional stressors. The thing for the
average person to remember is that all the demands that you make- whether on your brain or on your liver or
your muscles or your bones- cause stress. For example, stress can occur under deep anesthesia, when your
emotions are not engaged, or in animals that have no nervous system, or even in plants.
There are two ways of telling when someone is under stress. One, not accessible to the public, is
biochemical and neurological- measuring blood pressure, hormone levels, the electric activity of the brain
and so on. Nevertheless, there are other indicators that anyone can judge. No two people react the same way,
but the usual responses are an increase in pulse rate and an increased tendency to sweat. You will also
become more irritable and will sometimes suffer insomnia, even long after the stressor agent is gone. You
will usually become less capable of concentrating and you will have an increased desire to move about.
There are various causes of stress. They differ in various civilizations and historical time periods. At
certain times, disease and hunger were the predominant causes. Another, now and then, is warfare or the fear
of war. At the moment, the most frequent causes of distress in man are psychological, e.g., lack of adaptation
or not having a code of behavior.
The secret code to coping with stress is not to avoid stress but ‘to do your own thing’. It implies
doing what you like to do and not what you are forced to do. It is really a matter of learning how to live, how
to behave in various situations, to decide: “Do I really want to take over my father’s business or want to be a
musician?” If you really want to be a musician, then be one.
A. Mark the statements as True (T) or False (F).
1. There was as much stress in the past as there is today.
2. A person can suffer from stress even when he is unconscious.
3. All symptoms of stress disappear as soon as the stressor agent disappears.
4. The causes of stress have never changed throughout history.
B. Answer the questions below.
1. Why are emotional stressors the most frequent causes of stress in man?
2. What does the author mean by 'doing your own thing' in the fourth paragraph?
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SÜLEYMAN ŞAH UNIVERSITY/ FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT
MODULE 3 B1 LEVEL 3rd READING QUIZ
DATE: ______________ 2014
READING TEXT III:
LAYING INSOMNIA TO REST
When the task at hand is to get a good night’s sleep, trying hard is not the way to succeed. Twisting
and turning in search of a comfortable position in bed makes your body do the opposite of what it is
supposed to do at night. Instead of slowing down, your heartbeat races. Instead of relaxing, your muscles
twitch. You watch the clock and wonder what you are doing wrong.
Ten million people in the United States alone are seeking medical help for chronic insomniadifficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep. For years it has been called a symptom of a number of
psychological problems, such as depression, that somehow alter the body’s sleep pattern. Sleep specialist
agree that psychological problems are a cause of insomnia, but also say bad habits can have the same effect.
These include too little daytime activity and, ironically, it’s opposite, too much exercise.
“Insomniacs usually begin losing sleep over some problem, such as a serious illness in the family,”
says psychiatrist Robert Watson. “But unlike other people,” he adds, “they continue to have trouble sleeping
for months, even years.” According to Joyce and Kales, two psychiatrists at Penn State University in
Pennsylvania, insomniacs present a consistent personality profile. They take things hard, feel they haven’t
lived “the right kind of life,” and are nervous and tense.
Psychiatrists say insomniacs share another trait. Thomas Coates of the University of California says,
“another characteristic common to insomniacs is that they spend and excessive amount of bad sleepers as
workaholics, Coates’s study indicates that insomniacs spend more time relaxing than others do. He thinks
their relative inactivity during the day may alter the body’s “clock”. Instead of signaling the brain to slow
down at night, the clock calls for more activity.
Sleeping late on weekends can also disrupt your body’s clock. This is a bad habit Robert Watson
makes patients change at the Sleep Disorders Centre. He tells them to rise at the same time each day, even
after a night of poor sleep. “After a while,” he says, “sleep improves.”
Even though it tires you out, exercise won’t guarantee a sound sleep. If it is too strenuous, especially
just before bedtime, it can drive your pulse too high, causing a restless night. Joyce and Kales use moderate
afternoon exercise, along with methods such as psychotherapy to treat severe insomniacs.
What is the best thing to do on occasional sleepless nights? Forget sleeping pills. They can actually
cause insomnia after three days, by altering the brain’s chemistry. Watson recommends drinking milk or
eating cheese or tuna, because they are rich in natural sleep-producing aids.
“There’s something to the old-fashioned remedy of drinking warm milk before bedtime,” Watson
says. Warming it won’t make any difference, but it will help you relax.
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SÜLEYMAN ŞAH UNIVERSITY/ FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT
MODULE 3 B1 LEVEL 3rd READING QUIZ
DATE: ______________ 2014
A. Mark the best choice.
1. “Trait” means ___________________.
a) difficulty
b) characteristic
c) image
2. Strenuous means _______________.
a) tiring
b) restless
c) high
3. According to Robert Watson, __________________ is a bad habit of insomniacs.
a) the body clock which is disrupted
b) going to bed late on weekends
c) sleeping longer than usual on weekends
d) getting up at the same time every morning
4. Experts do not recommend sleeping pills as they ____________________.
a) are not natural
b) can change the chemistry of the brain
c) don’t contain sleep producing aids
d) both a and b
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