Problem:
Identify the purpose/objective of the rating scale/assessment instrument/evaluation tool.
1. Glenohumeral rotational range of motion in collegiate overhead-throwing athletes during an
athletic season.
Refining the Problem:
Provide a description of the student/client/athlete population for which the rating scale is designed.
2. The ages range from 18-22 years old. The gender varied from male and females being that
baseball and softball athletes both are being observed. The ability level of these athletes is top
quality being that they are apart of a Division 1 athletic program. The amount of expose these
athletes endure during a season is on average around 50-60 games. As for preseason a typical
workout routine schedule would consist of Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays are dedicated to
strength and flexibility. Tuesdays and Thursdays are power, energy systems, and flexibility.
Saturday is just flexibility and energy systems, while Sunday is a day of rest. As for in season
Mondays and Thursdays are power, flexibility and energy system training. Tuesdays and Fridays
are devoted to strength and flexibility. Lastly, Wednesdays is strictly just flexibility training to
keep that ROM exactly where it needs to be. During the season both Saturday and Sundays are
for rest days giving the body a chance to recoup. The main goal of the pre-season workout
program is to build strength and conditioning, while in-season workout is to maintain those S & C
gains while improving game skills.
Identify how and why you could/would use the rating scale.
3. The rating scale will be based off the pre and post testing items all involving range of motion.
This scale will evaluate the developmental improvements or restrictions the athletes have gained
throughout the duration of the season. The rating scale will provide tools for orderly recording of
the observations, help us assessment each athlete in a similar way, record the development of
specific skills, and lastly presenting a record of current and ongoing accomplishments.
Identify the components/characteristics of the skill/issue you have selected to evaluate and why you have
selected to emphasize these specific items. You may select to emphasize process, product or both.
4. There will be a total of five different variables that will be tested before and after the season. The
first component that will be measured is the Apleys Scratch Test. This test for limitations in
motions of the upper extremity. Each motion is performed bilaterally to compare. Next would be
to test Forward Flexion. This can be done by having a straight arm raised in front of the body,
with the palm down, as high as possible. Thirdly would be to test the Internal Rotation of the
shoulder. The starting position would be with the athlete’s forearm pointing straight up at the
ceiling. From this position the arm can and should be able to rotate a full 90° in either direction.
Following that component is to test External Rotation. That is verified by having the elbows held
by the sides of the body, bent at 90o with palms facing each other. Then, keeping the elbows in
contact with the body, the hands are spread outwards as far as possible. Last item tested will be
the Full Can Test. This assesses for supraspinatus pathology. The athlete is seated or standing
with arm raised in the scapular plane to 30-45 degrees with shoulder externally rotated. Then a
downward force is applied to the athlete’s wrist while they resists. Test is positive if it elicits pain
and/or weakness.
Instrumentation and Methodology:
Your scale should differentiate between levels of correct/acceptable performance
5.
The scale would include the following categories active, active-assistive, and passive. Than for
each of those it would be based on a scoring of 1-3 depending on the range of motion each
athlete. For an athlete to receive a 3 they must fall within the range of the normal rom. To get a 2
rating the athlete’s rom of is slightly altered from normal like about 10 degrees or less but nothing
to extreme. Lastly, for the athlete to receive a 1 rating they must have extreme passive or
absolutely no rom at al being that they are below normal from about 20 degrees. To have an
active rom it’s the range of movement through which the athlete can actively (without assistance)
move a joint using the adjacent muscles. To be considered in the Active assistive range of motion
category the athlete must be able to use the muscles surrounding the joint to perform the
exercise but requires some help from the therapist or equipment (such as a strap). Passive is when
the amount of motion moved by an external force or person at a given joint.
What would the test administrator need to know about using this instrument and the procedures followed
to administer the rating scale.
6. All the procedures that are used with this specific range of motion testing is done by using a
Goniometer. A goniometer is a device used to measure the range of motion around a joint in the
body. The type of training required is having plenty of experience with reading these
measurements precisely from a goniometer. The administer needs to know the general knowledge
about the different ratings of rom (active, active-assistive, and passive) and be knowledgeable on
normal and lacking ranges of motion. The testing must take place in a fitness facility that has the
proper equipment which is just the goniometer and proper benches/tables which allows the
athletes to be seated in a comfortable position.
.Analysis of Results
7. Each of the athlete’s individual results from the rating scale will determine what measures need to
take place. For the athletes that received a one for multiple areas they will require a note from
either their doctor or the collage’s athletic trainer saying they are clear to participate. In general
all the rating scales will be given to the coaches so they know what specific athletes are lacking or
exceeding with range of motions in the shoulder joints. These results will allow the coach to
make certain modifications to the stretches and exercises that the athletes undergo. Than a post
test will occur at the end of the season to determine if the range of motions improved or worsen
over a period of time and to see if the alternations made any significance. This will be both a
formative and summative evaluation because data will be taken place before or during the season
making it formative. While also information will be used to evaluation the impact of the baseball
and softball teams which is considered summative.
Name: _______________________________ Date: ____________
Athletic Department (circle one): Softball or Baseball
The following test will be carried out to find your Glenohumeral Joints (shoulder) range of motion. You
were selected specifically because of your participation in a collegiate level program.
NOTE TO ADMISTER: Record degree and circle appropriate category/scoring
Movement
Degrees
Category
Scoring
Apley’s Scratch Test ____
Active Active-assistive Passive
1 2 3
Forward Flexion
____
Active Active-assistive Passive
1 2 3
Internal Rotation
____
Active Active-assistive Passive
1 2 3
External Rotation
____
Active Active-assistive Passive
1 2 3
Full Can Test
____
Active Active-assistive Passive
1 2 3
RESULTS: What the categories represent and how the scoring works.
Active- You’re able to without assistance move a joint freely
Active-assistive- You have the ability to use the muscles surrounding the joint to perform the exercise but
requires some help from the someone or equipment
Passive- You require/need an external force to move a joint
Scoring:
1: >20 Normal ROM
2: >10 Normal ROM
3: = Normal ROM
Normal Ranges of motion:
Apley’s Scratch test= 0-150º
Internal Rotation= 0-70º
Forward Flexion= 0-180º
Full Can test=30- 45º
External Rotation= 0-90º
Biren, G. (2014, November). ROM of Upper Extremities. Lecture conducted at Rowan University,
Glassboro, NJ.