Writing Course Review Form (4/14) I. General Education Review – Writing Course Dept/Program Subject Course Title MCLL Course Number CLAS 191 (i.e. WRIT 200) Writing the Legends of Afghanistan: Then and Now II. Endorsement/Approvals Complete the form and obtain signatures before submitting to Faculty Senate Office. Please type / print name Signature Date Instructor 9/22/14 Matthew Semanoff Phone / Email 243-5637 / matthew.semanoff@ umontana.edu Program Chair L. Ametsbichler and J. Montauban Dean C. Comer III. Type of request New Renew Reason for new course, change or deletion One-time X Change Remove Only CLAS 191 is being offered as a GLI Freshman seminar for AY 2015-2016. IV. Overview of the Course Purpose/ Description: to the subject matter and course content. Provide an introduction Writing the Legends of Afghanistan is a case study of history as a construct of memory: how events are remembered and re-imagined over time. Students will begin by studying the Eastern Campaign of Alexander the Great. Through the examination of the history of the first Western campaign in Afghanistan, students will examine the range of sources and will be introduced to the rhetorical purposes and strategies used in compiling a historical narrative from disparate and fragmentary sources. Students will then turn to the recent history of US involvement in the region, considering the history of insurgencies and withdrawal through the lens of the historians of Alexander. Putting to work what they have learned about writing historical narratives, the participants of this seminar will become the curators of sources that will contribute to the historical narrative of the first decades of the 21st century. This seminar culminates in an oral history project, in which students will be paired with student veterans to record the experiences and reflections of participants in events that continue to shape our lives. This class is meant to introduce first-year students to the difficulties of writing a narrative of historical events which arise from limitations of the sources. In the case of ancient events, historians often deal with sources limited by perspective and bias, or sources which are preserved imperfectly. In the case of writing narratives of recent events, students will be introduced to similar issues, but will also consider the challenges resulting from the proliferation of perspectives, the broadening of what constitutes source material. The discussion about documentary and filmic history will return to the questions of the “historian’s” bias. V. Learning Outcomes: Provide examples of how the course will support students in achieving each learning outcome. Use writing to learn and X Yes synthesize new concepts If yes, how will student learning be supported? Students will be introduced to the history of Alexander’s campaigns in the region that corresponds to Afghanistan and Pakistan. Reaction papers will require students to integrate this historical information with ideas regarding historiography (e.g. the limitations of ancient source material). Students will be introduced to the methodology and theory of oral history and will be required to write about the how oral history can contribute to an understanding of historical events from a multiplicity of perspectives. Formulate and express written opinions and ideas that are No If no, course may not be eligible X Yes If yes, how will student learning be supported? developed, logical, and organized Compose written documents that are appropriate for a given audience, purpose and context Revise written work based on constructive comments from the instructor Find, evaluate, and use information effectively and Formal paper assignments (e.g. The Historiography of Operation Enduring Freedom assignments) will require students to reflect on the process of writing historical narratives using a range of source material. The assignment will require a systematic, logical, and organized analysis of what constitutes a historical source when dealing with contemporary events (i.e. the proliferation of mainstream news sources, news aggregation web-sites, social media providing immediate and first hand eye-witness accounts, etc.). No If no, course may not be eligible X Yes If yes, how will student learning be supported? Reaction paper topics will often require students to consider their audience as well as the audience of the ancient sources. The “What is Missing?” Paper will require students to consider how writing history is a dynamic process that changes over time and is often dependent on the author’s aims (purpose), the cultural context, and the audience’s expectations. Students will be asked to reflect on these differences by asking what question remains even after reading an ancient source (i.e. what did the author leave out and why?). No If no, course may not be eligible X Yes If yes, how will student learning be supported? The Historiography of Operation Enduring Freedom Paper will be submitted as a rough draft. Students will meet with the instructor in tutorial sessions to discuss drafts. Final drafts will be resubmitted together with the previous draft and a cover letter describing the process of writing the paper and, in particular, with attention to the drafting and revision process. No If no, course may not be eligible X Yes If yes, how will student learning be supported? ethically (click for a description of information literacy outcomes appropriate for each class level) Subject librarians are available to assist you embed information literacy into your course Megan Stark will meet with the class to provide an informational session about finding appropriate sources and the proper use of sources in academic writing. The Oral History Project will also require students to reflect on the ethical use of sources. Although they will be working with oral sources the same ethical issues are relevent as well as other. No If no, course may not be eligible Begin to use discipline-specific writing conventions Demonstrate appropriate English language usage X Yes If yes, how will student learning be supported? All formal writing assignments and reaction papers will require students to use appropriate writing conventions for history (University of Chicago Manual of Style). No If no, course may not be eligible X Yes If yes, how will student learning be supported? Student papers will be graded by a rubric that takes into consideration standard English usage, mechanics, and argument. Additionally, students will receive brief lectures on English usage, including discussions targeting the most common errors and how to avoid them. No If no, course may not be eligible VI. Writing Course Requirements Enrollment is capped at 25 students. If not, list maximum course enrollment. Explain how outcomes will be adequately met for this number of students. Justify the request for variance. Which written assignments will include revision in response to instructor’s feedback? Yes The Historiography of Operation Enduring Freedom paper. VII. Writing Assignments: Please describe course assignments. Students should be required to individually compose at least 16 pages of writing for assessment. At least 50% of the course grade should be based on students’ performance on writing assignments. Clear expression, quality, and accuracy of content are an integral part of the grade on any writing assignment. Formal Graded Assignments “What is Missing?” Paper: a 3-5 page paper that describes the process of producing history. In this paper, students will choose an episode from Alexander’s campaign in Bactria and Sogdiana described in one of the ancient historians (Arrian, Quintus Curtius Rufus, Plutarch, Diodorus Siculus, etc) and explore the limitations of the surviving historical accounts. Students will focus on the questions that remain even after reading ancient sources that overlap this episode. The paper will require students to consider what types of sources would be required to answer those questions remaining, and posit whether such sources were likely to exist in antiquity, and draw conclusions contrasting the interests and aims of historians in antiquity and today. The Historiography of Operation Enduring Freedom Paper: Also during the course the Student Veterans Oral History Project, students will be required to write a 5-7 page paper based on the experience of veterans in Operation Enduring Freedom. Students will be required to use the oral histories produced by the seminar as well as other sources (e.g. University of Oregon Veterans’ Oral History Project, From Combat to Kentucky). In this paper, students will be required to analyze the historical value of the memories of participants in historical events, how these memories compare to other traditional historical sources, and how they contribute to the writing of history. This paper will also address the variety of documents (journalists “embedded in combat units”, memoirs of high ranking military officers, documentaries, etc.) which scholars will eventually call upon to write the history of the events in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2014. In this paper, students will consider the theory behind oral history, its advantages and disadvantages. More details to follow. Informal Ungraded Assignments Students will also be required to write six two-page informal reaction papers over the course of the semester. Topics will be assigned based on the readings and discussion topics. Papers will be required to have a clear thesis statement and argue a specific point relying on a close reading of the text for support. Refer to the Reaction Paper handout for a full schedule of topics, the dates due, information on appropriate source citation, and a rubric for grading. If discussion seems particularly sluggish, I may ask for several volunteers to read their responses to the reading as a starting point for our discussion. Students may drop their lowest score. Paste or attach a sample writing assignment. Include instructions / handouts provided to students. Dates: 11/19 Abstract Due 11/24 First Draft Due 11/30-12/4 Individual meetings 12/10 Final Draft Due This paper is intended to be an opportunity to reflect on the relationship between history and memory. The Student Veterans Oral History Project provides the opportunity to witness the transformation of personal experiences into history. Such a transformation, however, is mediated through memory. The relationship between history and memory also works in the other direction: history becomes the means of creating cultural and societal memories. Although we often strive for objectivity in establishing a historical narrative, such a goal is challenged in a variety of ways. For this assignment, students will write a 6-8 page paper analyzing the role of individual memories in the construction historical narrative and the effect that history then has on cultural (collective) memory. Students will be required to use the oral histories produced in this seminar as well as other oral histories from projects such as those at the Universities of Oregon and Kentucky, the Library of Congress, and the U.S. Army Heritage Center Foundation. The central element of the paper will address how these particular accounts reflect the theory of Oral History as a supplement for traditional historical sources (i.e. how the memories of individual participants contribute to our understanding of the events). From here, however, the direction that the paper takes is largely up to the author. Students will develop an argument that considers Oral History in light of other types of sources. Students may wish to consider the potential subjectivity of an individual participant’s memory, the difference between oral history, memoir, autobiography. Firstperson accounts such as these may also be considered in light of first-hand witnesses to events (embedded journalists), emphasizing the how sources may change depending on whether recorded by a participant or a witness. Another possibility is to consider the relationship between documentaries and oral histories (i.e. the juxtaposition of interviews with scenes from the events), the ability of a filmaker or documentarian to alter audience emotional reponse and interpretation of an event by manipulation of imagery, time, or through the incorporation of music and sound. Alternatively, students may wish to consider the relationship between time and memory. For example, does the immediacy with which we are able to learn of events effect the historical interpretation of the events (are “tweets” from the theater of war more, less, or equally reliable than/as later reflections of events after the fact, whether a month, a year, or ten years)? This paper will be written in a number of stages: (1) Class “brain-storm”: The class will discuss the types of issues that are arising in the course of recording the oral histories. We will have the opportunity to discuss patterns that are developing, questions that have been considered successful and unsuccessful, what constitutes a good or bad response or, more generally, a good or bad interview. This will help serve as a starting point for the process of developing the general argument of the assignment. (2) Individual meetings with instructor: Students will meet one-on-one with the instructor to discuss their thoughts about the range of sources available for documenting history. The goal of these meetings is to begin to tease out the types of issues that interest the student. (3) Abstract: a 300-500 word description of the paper. Students should strive for a preliminary thesis in the abstract. It is likely that the argument of the final paper will be strikingly different from the thesis presented in the abstract. Students will be expected to introduce some of the ideas about the sources used in writing historical narrative and the use of oral histories. Additionally, students should introduce some preliminary thoughts about the challenges and advantages of using certain types of sources. The abstract is meant to be a “prose outline” of the full paper. (4) First Draft: a first complete draft will be workshopped in class. During the workshop, students will complete a guided peer-editing assignment. The comments from peers will be incorporated into the final draft. The instructor will read and comment on this first draft. Students will then meet one-on-one with the instructor to discuss the comments and strategies for revision. The discussion during this meeting will focus on global issues such as organization, strength of the argument, and support of the argument. (5) Portfolio (Final Draft and Cover Letter): For the final submission, students will be required to turn in a portfolio including all preliminary steps of the paper (abstract, first draft marked by instructor and peer group, final draft). Students will also write a cover letter (1-page) that reflects on the process of writing the paper. Students are required to address the process of developing a thesis and aspects of revision that brought the paper to its final form. VIII. Assessment I will participate in the University-wide Program-level Writing Assessment by Yes requiring students in this course to upload a sample paper to the designated Moodle location. Please clearly communicate the requirement to your students and include language on your syllabus (sample below). This course requires an electronic submission of an assignment stripped of your personal information to be used for educational research and assessment of the writing program. Your paper will be stored in a database. A random selection of papers will be assessed by a group of faculty using a rubric developed from the following writing learning outcomes. Compose written documents that are appropriate for a given audience or purpose Formulate and express opinions and ideas in writing Use writing to learn and synthesize new concepts Revise written work based on constructive feedback Find, evaluate, and use information effectively Begin to use discipline-specific writing conventions (largely style conventions like APA or MLA) Demonstrate appropriate English language usage The rubric score points are: (4) advanced, (3) proficient, (2) nearing proficiency, and (1) novices This assessment in no way affects either your grade or your progression at the university. IX. Syllabus: Paste syllabus below or attach and send digital copy with form. The syllabus must include the list of Writing Course learning outcomes above. CLAS 191: Writing the Legends of Afghanistan: Then and Now Instructor information Instructor: Matthew Semanoff Office: LA 425 Email: matthew.semanoff@umontana.edu Phone: 243-5637 Office hours: MWF 2:00-3:00 Course information: Time: 12:40-2:00 TTh Place: LA 207 Course description: Writing the Legends of Afghanistan is a case study of history as a construct of memory: how events are remembered and re-imagined over time. Students will begin by studying the Eastern Campaign of Alexander the Great. Through the examination of the history of the first Western campaign in Afghanistan, students will examine the range of sources and will be introduced to the rhetorical purposes and strategies used in compiling a historical narrative from disparate and fragmentary sources. Students will then turn to the recent history of US involvement in the region, considering the history of insurgencies and withdrawal through the lens of the historians of Alexander. Putting to work what they have learned about writing historical narratives, the participants of this seminar will become the curators of sources that will contribute to the historical narrative of the first decades of the 21st century. This seminar culminates in an oral history project, in which students will be paired with student veterans to record the experiences and reflections of participants in events that continue to shape our lives. Learning Outcomes: Learning Goals: Upon completion of this class, a successful student will 1. become familiar with the major events of the campaign of Alexander the Great in Afghanistan and Pakistan 2. begin to understand the limitations of ancient historical sources; 3. develop skills to overcome limitations of historical sources and to use even imperfect sources to create a historical narrative; 4. evaluate texts or artifacts within their historical and/or cultural contexts; 5. synthesize ideas and information regarding Alexander’s campaign with a view to understanding the causes and consequences of historical developments and events in the region arising in the course of Operation Enduring Freedom 6. analyze human behavior, ideas, and institutions within their respective historical and/or cultural contexts by considering the US involvement in Afghanistan from 2001-2014 in light of similar the political and military experiences during Alexander’s 4th century BC campaign. 7. begin to develop an historical narrative of US involvment in Afghanistan based on the first-hand experiences of veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom. Writing Outcomes: Throughout the semester, students will develop their writing skills and practice using writing as a vehicle for critical thinking. This course is an approved writing course, and therefore upon completion of the course students should be able to: Use writing to learn and synthesize new concepts Formulate and express opinions and ideas in writing Compose written documents that are appropriate for a given audience or purpose Revise written work based on constructive feedback Find, evaluate, and use information effectively Begin to use discipline-specific writing conventions Demonstrate appropriate English language usage Required textbooks: Holt, Frank, Into the Land of Bones: Alexander the Great in Afghanistan. Berkeley: Univ. of California Pr, 2005. Arrian. Alexander the Great: The Anabasis and the Indica. Trans. M. Hammond. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Pr, 2013. Quintus Curtius Rufus. The History of Alexander. Trans. J. Yardley. London: Penguin, 2004. Additional Readings will be available on Moodle. Course Calendar: (H2) Week 1: Introduction, Historical Overview 9/1 Tues Introductory Material 9/3 Thurs Ionian Revolt, Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis The Behistun Inscription of Darius I Readings from Herodotus' Histories: 1.1-6; 5.97-126; 6.101122; 7.1-145; 7.195-233. Week 2 9/8 Tues Week 3: Week 4: Week 5: Week 6: Week 7 The Aftermath of the Persian Wars Aeschylus' Persians 9/10 Thurs Macedonian Background: Rise of Philip II and Panhellenism Isocrates' Panegyricus Overview of Alexander's Campaign in the East 9/15 Tues Alexander and Insurgencies in Central Asia Holt pp. 1-65 Reaction Paper #1 9/17 Thurs Afghanistan and Pakistan: Geography and the People Facilitated by Prof. Sarah Halvorson (Geography) Holt pp. 66-124 Sources: Primary, Secondary, and Otherwise 9/22 Tues The Problems with the Alexander Histories Holt, Appendix: Ancient Sources, pp 165-172 Worthington "The Sources" pp. 1-6 Bosworth, "Introduction: Some Basic Principles" in Worthington, pp. 7-16. 9/24 Thurs Ancient Sources: The Road to Afghanistan Arrian's Alexander: Alexander at Troy, the Gordian Knot, Issus, and the Oracle of Ammon Arrian Anabasis 1.11.5-12.1; 2.3-2.13; 3.1-3.19 Alexander in Afghanistan and Pakistan 9/29 Tues Insurgencies, Conspiracies, and "The Great Digression" Arrian Anabasis 4.1-4.30 Reaction Paper #2 10/1 Thurs Conspiracies, Massacres, and Fusion Quintus Curtius, Books 6-8 The Legend of Alexander 11 10/6 Tues Alexander's Ancestors: Dionysus and Heracles Arrian Anabasis 5.1-5.29 10/8 Thurs The Alexander Romance Selections from Pseudo-Callisthenes The Greek Alexander Romance 10/13 Tues Legends of Alexander Selections from Iskandarnamah Southgate, "Portrait of Alexander in Persian AlexanderRomances of the Islamic Era Reaction Paper #3 10/15 Thurs Alexander the Great in the Qur'an Boyle, "The Alexander Legend in Central Asia" Folklore etc Week 8: Understanding Alexander's Historical Impact 10/20 Tues Worthington, "How 'Great' was Alexander?" Distribute Take Home Examination Alexander the Great Today: In the Interests of Historical 10/22 Thurs Accuracy? Week 9: Beginning of Oral History Module 10/27 Tues Example of Military Oral Histories Interview of Lt. Gen. David W. Barno in Koontz, pp. 13-93 Interview of Maj. Gen. Peter Gilchrist of British Army in Koontz, pp. 96-118. Interview of Maj. Gen Eric T. Olson in Koontz, pp. 243-267. Interview of Col. Terry L. Sellers in Koontz, pp. 366-399. Take Home Examination Due 10/29 Thurs Introduction to Oral History A. Portelli. "What Makes Oral History Different" in Perks and Thomson, pp 32-42 A. Nevins. "Oral History: How and Why it was Born." in Dunaway and Baum, pp. 29-38. L. Starr. "Oral History" in Dunaway and Baum, pp. 39-61. Week 10: Oral History Methodology Ethics in Social Research (facilitated by Prof. Christopher 11/3 Tues Muste, Political Science) Babbie, "The Ethics and Politics of Social Research" The Practice of Social Research Yow, "Legalities and Ethics" in Recording Oral History: A Guide for the Humanities and Social Sciences Fry, "Reflections on Ethics" in Oral History: An Interdisciplinary Anthology The Interview: Asking Questions, Listening to Answers 11/5 Thurs (facilitated by Prof. Christopher Muste, Political Science) Anderson and Jack "Learning to Listen: Interview Techniques and Analyses" in The Oral History Reader Slim and Thompson "Ways of Listening" in The Oral History Reader Borland, "'That's Not What I Said': Interpretative Conflict in Oral Narrative Research" in the Oral History Reader Week 11: Planning the Interview 11/10 Tues Developing Questions Reaction Paper #5 11/12 Thurs Mock Oral History Interviews Assignment Week 12 11/17 Tues Student Veterans Oral History Project 11/19 Thurs Student Veterans Oral History Project Week 13 11/24 Tues Student Veterans Oral History Project 11/26 Thurs Thanksgiving Week 14: Documentary vs Oral History Memory and Image: Filmic History (Facilitated by Prof. Sean 12/1 Tues O'Brien, Film Studies) Screening Restrepo (2010) Reaction Paper #6 Discussing Documentaries (Facilitated by Prof. Sean O'Brien, 12/3 Thurs Film Studies) Readings from Baudrillard (TBA) Week 15: The End Game, Withdrawing from Operation Enduring Freedom 12/8 Tues Afghanistan in Global Politics Facilitated by Prof. Karen Adams, Political Science 12/10 Thurs Presentation of Student Veterans Oral History Project Required assignments and tests: (H2) Student Veterans Oral History Project: From weeks 9-15, students will be building towards recording (video and audio) the accounts of personal experiences of returning veterans currently enrolled at the University of Montana. Seminar students will be required to formulate interview questions, submit those questions for approval, complete training on the use of human subjects for social research (as required by UM Institutional Review Board), and conduct interviews. These oral histories will follow the Principles and Best Practices established in 2009 by the Oral History Association (http:// http://www.oralhistory.org/about/principles-and-practices/). This project is also required to comply with Veterans History Project sponsored by the American Folklife Center of the Library of Congress, to which the accounts of UM Student Veterans produced by the students of this seminar will be submitted and archived. The final project submitted will be a video or audio recording of the interview, written transcription of the interview, the informed consent form and release form signed by the veteran interviewed and biographical data form for the veteran interviewed. There will be a number of assignments leading up to the completion of the Student Veterans Oral History Project: 1. Reading Section 6 on Human Participation in Research from the UM Institutional Review Board Online Research Ethics Course and successful completion of the Section Assessment (http://ori.hhs.gov/education/products/montana_round1/human.html). 2. Submit interview questions for approval for use prior to interview (as required by the IRB). 3. “What is Missing?” Paper: a 3-5 page paper that describes the process of producing history. In this paper, students will choose an episode from Alexander’s campaign in Bactria and Sogdiana described in one of the ancient historians (Arrian, Quintus Curtius Rufus, Plutarch, Diodorus Siculus, etc) and explore the limitations of the surviving historical accounts. Students will focus on the questions that remain even after reading ancient sources that overlap this episode. The paper will require students to consider what types of sources would be required to answer those questions remaining, and posit whether such sources were likely to exist in antiquity, and draw conclusions contrasting the interests and aims of historians in antiquity and today. 4. Practice Oral History Project: Students will demonstrate understanding of the process and requirements for ethical collection of Oral History, as well as demonstrate facility for the use of recording equipment by working in groups to record a fictional oral history based on a participant from Alexander’s campaign. Groups will be assigned an identity, research and study any surviving references to that person, and create a persona based on the historical sources. The groups will be required to go through the complete process of conducting an interview (explain the informed consent form, review the interview questions, record a 10 minute interview, explain the legal release document, and produce a recording that meets the standards of the LOC Veterans History Project. Personae will include major figures in the Alexander histories (Callisthenes, Cleitus, Bessus, Spitamenes, Rhoxane). But many of these personae are described only from Alexander’s perspective. Also groups may be assigned a generic persona (participant in a particular battle, a Bactrian involved in the resistance movements, etc.). It is likely that groups will be required to elaborate on the existing ancient sources and fill in the gaps of what we know. This assignment will be assessed based on (1) technical skills required for conducting oral histories, (2) accuracy of the representation of the ancient sources, and (3) creativity/empathy of interpretation of ancient events. The Historiography of Operation Enduring Freedom Paper: Also during the course the Student Veterans Oral History Project, students will be required to write a 6-8 page paper based on the experience of veterans in Operation Enduring Freedom. Students will be required to use the oral histories produced by the seminar as well as other sources (e.g. University of Oregon Veterans’ Oral History Project, From Combat to Kentucky). In this paper, students will be required to analyze the historical value of the memories of participants in historical events, how these memories compare to other traditional historical sources, and how they contribute to the writing of history. This paper will also address the variety of documents (journalists “embedded in combat units”, memoirs of high ranking military officers, documentaries, etc.) which scholars will eventually call upon to write the history of the events in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2014. In this paper, students will consider the theory behind oral history, its advantages and disadvantages. More details to follow. Reaction Papers: Students will also be required to write six two-page informal reaction papers over the course of the semester. Topics will be assigned based on the readings and discussion topics. Papers will be required to have a clear thesis statement and argue a specific point relying on a close reading of the text for support. Refer to the Reaction Paper handout for a full schedule of topics, the dates due, information on appropriate source citation, and a rubric for grading. If discussion seems particularly sluggish, I may ask for several volunteers to read their responses to the reading as a starting point for our discussion. Students may drop their lowest score. Examinations: Students will take two essay examinations (a midterm and a final exam). These will be take home examinations. Students will be expected to make full use of the primary sources studied to develop clear and concise responses. Course guidelines and policies: Grading policy Students’ grades will be determined by the following breakdown: Participation: 5% Examinations: 10% Reaction Papers: 15% “What is Missing?” Paper: 15% Historiography of Operation Enduring Freedom: 25% Student Veterans Oral History Project: 30% Expectations In addition to these written assignments, students are expected not only to attend but also to participate actively in class discussion. Repeated absences or tardiness will affect your grade. I expect you to make every effort to attend class. If you are unable to do so, please contact me; you are responsible for making any necessary arrangements for what you missed in class. Late papers will be penalized by one grade per day, unless prior arrangements have been made. Please note that repeated tardiness and absence will have a detrimental effect on your participation grade. Text-messaging, phone calls, or any other indications that you are distracted, distracting, or otherwise not participating will also affect your grade. Please not that digital interruptions disturb not only your ability to attend but your classmates and professor as well. There will be a Moodle Course Supplement for this class. I will use this to make periodic announcements, to post copies of handouts and assignments, and to make various electronic resources available. Through this course supplement, students will also access a majority of the readings for the class. Please note that I will also use Moodle to send email. The Moodle system requires the use of your university student email account; if you prefer to use a different account, you must set the university account to forward. Even if you do not login to the Moodle Supplement, you are expected to check you email regularly. Although classical authors had different attitudes regarding what constitutes plagiarism, you are expected to use contemporary standards for citing sources. Whenever you make reference to any idea that is not considered common knowledge – whether in a direct quotation or paraphrase – you must cite your source according to the Univeristy of Chicago Manual of Style. If you have any questions or concerns regarding plagiarism, please ask. Disability modifications The University of Montana assures equal access to instruction through collaboration between students with disabilities, instructors, and Disability Services for Students. If you think you may have a disability adversely affecting your academic performance, and you have not already registered with Disability Services, please contact Disability Services in Lommasson Center 154 or call 406.243.2243. I will work with you and Disability Services to provide an appropriate modification. Student Conduct Code All students must practice academic honesty. Academic misconduct is subject to an academic penalty by the course instructor and/or a disciplinary sanction by the University. All students need to be familiar with the Student Conduct Code. The Code is available for review online at http://life.umt.edu/vpsa/student_conduct.php.