MT 2 Review/Study Guide Answer KEY
Name:
Per:
1. What is a crystal structure?
a. A crystal structure is a specific shape of a mineral.
2. Describe what a mineral is composed of.
a. A mineral is an inorganic solid that is composed of 1 or 2 elements that are
arranged in a specific crystal structure/shape.
3. Explain the difference between a rock and a mineral.
a. A mineral is made of elements and a rock is made of minerals.
4. Explain the difference between a coarse-grained (rough) rock and a fine (smooth)
rock. What are their cooling rates?
a. A coarse-grained rock is created beneath the surface of the earth, has large
crystals, and cools slowly.
b. A fine-grained rock is created above the surface of the earth, has small crystals,
and cools fast.
5. Rocks are classified according to how they form.
6. Describe what the sources of energy are for the rock cycle and which rock(s) they help
form.
a. ___Earth’s Interior___
i. __Igneous______
ii. ___Metamorphic_____
b. __The Sun & weather processes____
i. ____Sedimentary________
7. Describe the formation of an Igneous Rock.
a. An igneous rock is formed when magma or lava cool and harden (solidify).
8. What is an extrusive igneous rock?
a. An extrusive igneous rock is a rock that forms when lava cools above the surface
of the Earth.
9. Is an extrusive igneous rock fine grained or coarse grained? Why?
a. An extrusive igneous rock is fine grained because the rock cools very fast and
has small crystals.
10.Provide an example of an extrusive igneous rock.
a. Obsidian, Pumice
11.What is an intrusive igneous rock?
a. An intrusive igneous rock is one that forms beneath the surface of the Earth.
12.Is an intrusive igneous rock fine grained or coarse grained? Why?
a. An intrusive igneous rock is coarse grained because it cools slowly and has large
crystals.
13.Provide an example of an intrusive igneous rock.
a. Granite
14.Describe the formation of a Sedimentary Rock.
a. A sedimentary rock forms when rock is broken into tiny pieces called sediments
by weathering and erosion. Then those sediments are compacted and cemented
together to form sedimentary rocks.
15.Describe the formation of a Metamorphic Rock.
a. Metamorphic rocks are formed when a rock is exposed to heat and pressure
beneath the surface of the Earth.
16.What is the difference between a foliated and non-foliated Metamorphic Rock
a. A foliated metamorphic rock is one that has visible lines while a non-foliated
metamorphic rock does not.