BIOL1030 PASS
Score: 62 / 60
A05
NAME: ___________________________
STRESS LEVEL: ________________
1. What is life? (bonus 2 marks)
Organised matter (1) that is able to undergo reproduction (0.5) and natural
selection (0.5).
2. Fill in the blanks below with words that satisfy the definition. (13 marks)
1m per blank
Autotroph - an organism that is able to synthesise its own food by photosynthesis or
chemosynthesis. e.g. plants, bacteria
Heterotroph - an organism that is unable to synthesise organic molecules from
inorganic compounds and so consumes other organisms as food. e.g. animals
Photoautotroph - an organism that gets its energy from sunlight and uses carbon
dioxide as a carbon source. e.g. plants, algae, cyanobacteria
Photoheterotroph - an organism that uses sunlight for energy, but ready-made organic
compounds as building blocks for growth and development. e.g. euglena, some
protists
Chemoheterotroph - an organism that uses organic substances as a source of both
carbon and energy. e.g. humans, animals
Chemoautotroph - an organism that oxidises inorganic substrates as sources of energy.
e.g. extremophiles, methanogens, prokaryotes of the deep sea
Differentiation - process leading ‘base’ cells to the specialisation of other cells for
various functions (and consequently structure) during development
3. What are the key differences between plant and animal cells? (Hint: There
are two key differences.) (4 marks)
Absence (0.5)/Presence (0.5) of cell wall in animal (0.5)/plant (0.5) cell respectively.
Absence (0.5)/Presence (0.5) of chloroplast in animal (0.5)/plant (0.5) cell
respectively.
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4. Complete the following table. (8 marks)
What is the difference?
ANALOGY
HOMOLOGY
Analogy occurs when similar traits have evolved (0.25)
in species from different evolutionary origin (0.25) in
response to similar pressures (0.5). Homology occurs
when dissimilar traits (0.5) come from one trait of
common ancestry (0.5).
Total: 2m
analogous? (1m)
homologous? (1m)
Can you give an example
of traits which are ... ?
2m
2m
Can you represent your
example above in a simple
phylogenetic tree? Draw.
5. List at least 2 key derived traits of land plants. (Hint: There are more than 2
traits, and try to keep your answers specific to land plants.) (2 marks)
1m per correct answer. Bonus marks for more.
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Alternation of generations
Apical meristems
Walled spores
Multicellular gametophytes
6. Complete the following table by including the other three major plant
groups. (7 marks)
Plant Group
(1m each)
Common Name
0.5m each
Dominant Ploidy
0.5m each
Bryophytes
Mosses
Gametophyte
Angiosperms
Flowering Plants
Sporophyte
Pteridophytes /
Non-vascular
seedless plants
Ferns
Sporophyte
Gymnosperms
Conifers
Sporophyte
Which of these are
most abundant
today? Put a tick in
the box. 1m

7. For each of the following terms, can you provide a definition in less than
20 words? (10 marks)
Predation – An interaction between species in which one species (the predator) eats
the other (the prey) (1m), and prey dies at time of attack (1m).
Dispersal - The process whereby organisms spread out (1m) within their geographic
distribution boundaries (1m) (both plants and animals)
Disturbance - A force that dramatically changes an ecological community and usually
removes organisms from it (1m), and in the process restructure the communities (1m).
Succession - Changes in community composition and structure over time, usually
following disturbance. (2m)
Competition- The process whereby organisms compete against one another (1m) to
gain access to a given resource. (1m)
Questions 8 to 13 only require short answers of not more than 20 words.
8. What is a species? (2 marks)
A group of organisms (1m) capable of interbreeding (1m).
9. Which two domains make up the group Prokarya? (2 marks)
Bacteria (1m) and Archaea (1m)
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10. What is co-evolution? (Hint: the ‘simulatneous evolution of traits from
different organisms’ is not an appropriate answer) (2 marks)
The evolution of a trait in one species in response (1m) to the evolution of another
trait in another species and vice versa (1m).
11. What evidence is provided for the Cambrian explosion (i.e. how do we
know there was a mass extinction)? (2 marks)
A large amount of fossils appear in the fossil records and these fossils are
representations of modern organisms. (2m)
12. Why are many exotic or invasive species so successful? (There are 2 main
reasons) (2 marks)
No natural predators (1m), competitively superior to natives (1m).
13. Name two characteristics that facilitated the evolution of vertebrates from
water to land. (2 marks)
1. Lungs (1m)
2. Legs/feet (1m)
14. Draw a phylogenetic tree that represents the ancestral relationship
between the following organisms. Species X, Y and Z have all evolved
from one common ancestor. Species X and Z have more in characteristics
in common with one another than they do with species Y. (5 marks)
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