REVIEW, Organic Compounds
True/False
___1. Fractional distillation is the separation of petroleum into its individual carbon compounds.
___2. A peptide containing a large number of amino acids is called a lipid.
___3. Lipids control the production of DNA.
___4. When a peptide contains a large number of nucleic acids, the material is called a protein.
___5. A carbohydrate that contains ten hydrogen atoms also contains five oxygen atoms.
___6. To be healthy, a person should eat no lipids.
___7. Chemists break up DNA into its nucleotide components and use radioactive and x-ray methods to
obtain a picture of the nucleotide patterns.
___8. Most of the important biological compounds in your body are polymers.
___9. Compounds containing carbon are inorganic compounds.
___10. Jet fuel has a higher boiling point than gasoline.
___11. Starch is made of monomers of the sugar glucose.
Multiple Choice
12. A compound that is made up only of carbon and hydrogen is called a(n) ____.
a. alcohol
c. carbohydrate
b. amino acid
d. hydrocarbon
13. A hydrocarbon that has at least one double or triple bond is ____.
a. aromatic
c. substituted
b. saturated
d. unsaturated
14. A hydrocarbon containing only single-bonded carbon atoms is called a(n) ____ hydrocarbon.
a. aromatic
c. saturated
b. substituted
d. unsaturated
15. Compounds that have identical chemical formulas but different molecular structures and shapes are called:
a. monomers
c. isotopes
b. isomers
d. polymers
16. A hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms is replaced by an -OH group is a(n)____.
a. alcohol
c. carbohydrate
b. aromatic
d. lipid
17. A huge molecule made up of many smaller molecules is called a(n) ____.
a. monomer
c. isotope
b. isomer
d. polymer
18. A polymer formed from amino acids is a ____.
a. carbohydrate
c. nucleic acid
b. lipid
d. protein
19. Rubbing alcohol is a(n) ____.
a. aromatic compound
c. organic acid
b. carbohydrate
d. substituted hydrocarbon
20. The bond between the carboxylic acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
is called a(n) ____.
a. benzene ring
c. ionic bond
b. covalent bond
d. peptide bond
21. An organic molecule that has hydrogen and oxygen present in a 2:1 ratio is a ____.
a. carbohydrate
c. nucleic acid
b. lipid
d. protein
22. DNA is a ____.
a. carbohydrate
c. nucleic acid
b. lipid
d. protein
23. An isomer of a compound with the formula C2H6 would have the formula ____.
a. CH
c. C2H6
b. C2Cl6
d. C2H3OH2
24. Plastic is a(n) ____.
a. inorganic compound
c. polymer
b. nucleic acid
d. monomer
25. Cholesterol is a(n) ____ needed to build cell membranes.
a. amino acid
c. lipid
b. carbohydrate
d. protein
26. An organic compound that has a -COOH group and a -NH2 group is a(n) ____.
a. amino acid
c. lipid
b. carbohydrate
d. protein
27. The individual molecules that make up a polymer are called ____.
a. amino acids
c. nucleic acids
b. monomers
d. peptides
28. A polymer formed from amino acids is a ____.
a. nucleic acid
c. lipid
b. carbohydrate
d. protein
29. The structure of benzene can best be described as a ____.
a. branched chain
c. ring
b. straight chain
d. ring with a branched chain
30. Which of the following explains why there are so many organic compounds?
a. Carbon can form four covalent bonds. c. Carbon has six protons in its nucleus.
b. Carbon has six electrons.
d. Carbon is a nonmetal.
31. How many electrons does a carbon atom have in its outer energy level?
a. 2
c. 6
b. 4
d. 8
32. Chemists and engineers separate petroleum into its individual compounds by ____.
a. density
c. carbon content
b. boiling point
d. melting point
33. Which of the following statements is true of all aromatic compounds?
a. They are substituted hydrocarbons.
c. They contain only carbon atoms.
b. They contain a benzene ring structure. d. They contain only single bonds.
34. Which of the following groups is characteristic of an alcohol?
a. -CO
c. -NH2
b. -COOH
d. -OH
35. All of the following products come from petroleum except ____.
a. most dyes
c. gasoline
b. sugar
d. plastics
36. ____ account for 15 percent of your total body weight.
a. Lipids
c. Carbohydrates
b. Proteins
d. Nucleic acids
Matching
Figure 21-2
_E__37. alcohol
_C__38. amino acid
_G__39. aromatic ring
_D__40. polymer
_B__41. saturated hydrocarbon
_F__42. substituted hydrocarbon
_A__43. unsaturated hydrocarbon
Completion
Figure 21-1
44. Structure A in Figure 21-1 represents the compound formula ____________________.
45. Structure B in Figure 21-1 represents the compound formula ____________________.
46. Structure C in Figure 21-1 represents the compound formula ____________________.
47. Structure F in Figure 21-1 represents the compound formula ____________________.
48. Structure G in Figure 21-1 represents the compound formula ____________________.
49. How many atoms make up the compound represented by structure G in Figure 21-1? _____12______
50. Structure _____F______________ in Figure 21-1 represents the compound carbon tetrachloride.
51. Lipids contain fewer oxygen atoms than ____________________.
52. The monomers of ____________________ polymers are usually larger and more complex in structure
than polymers used to make plastics.
53. Of the millions of carbon compounds known today, more than 90 percent of them are considered organic.
54. Adding four fluorine atoms to ethylene makes a compound that can be transformed into Teflon.
55. Lubricating oil generally has a _____higher_________ boiling point than diesel oil.
Short Answer
56. What is DNA fingerprinting and why does it work?
57. How do chemists and engineers turn crude oil into products like kerosene and asphalt?
58. Give an example of a common polymer and its use.
59. Explain why deoxyribonucleic acid can be described as a polymer.
60. Explain why protein can be described as a polymer. How many organic monomers does it have? What are
they called?
Figure 21-3
61. The compounds shown in Figure 21-3 are isomers of each other. What is the chemical formula for these
compounds? C6H6
62. Are the compounds in Figure 21-3 substituted hydrocarbons? How do you know? No; they contain only C &
H.
63. Give at least three reasons carbon can form so many compounds.
64. What does DNA do?
65. How does the number of oxygen atoms compare with the number of hydrogen atoms in a carbohydrate?
66. What is a mercaptan?
67. What is a fossil fuel? What are some examples of fossil fuels?
68. What is the name of a compound made of an amino group and a carboxylic group?
Organic Compounds
Answer Section
TRUE/FALSE
1.
T
DIF:
2.
F
DIF:
3.
F
DIF:
4.
F
DIF:
5.
T
DIF:
6.
F
DIF:
7.
T
DIF:
8.
T
DIF:
9.
F
DIF:
10.
T
DIF:
11.
T
DIF:
B
B
B
B
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
8/3
12/4
12/4
12/4
12/4
12/4
12/4
14/4
1/1
9/3
13/4
MULTIPLE CHOICE
12.
D
DIF:
13.
D
DIF:
14.
C
DIF:
15.
B
DIF:
16.
A
DIF:
17.
D
DIF:
18.
D
DIF:
19.
D
DIF:
20.
D
DIF:
21.
A
DIF:
22.
C
DIF:
23.
C
DIF:
24.
C
DIF:
25.
C
DIF:
26.
A
DIF:
27.
B
DIF:
28.
D
DIF:
29.
C
DIF:
30.
A
DIF:
31.
B
DIF:
32.
B
DIF:
33.
B
DIF:
34.
D
DIF:
35.
B
DIF:
36.
B
DIF:
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
A
B
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
3/1
3/1
3/1
4/1
6/2
10/3
12/4
6/2
12/4
12/4
12/4
4/1
11/3
12/4
12/4
10/3
12/4
5/2
2/1
2/1
8/3
5/2
6/2
11/3
12/4
MATCHING
37.
E
38.
C
39.
G
40.
D
41.
B
42.
F
43.
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
2/1, 6/2
2/1, 12/3
2/1, 5/2
2/1, 10/3
2/1, 3/1
2/1, 3/1
2/1, 3/1
DIF:
DIF:
A
A
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
COMPLETION
44.
45.
C2H2
C2H6
OBJ:
OBJ:
2/1
2/1
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
CH2NH2COOH or C2H5O2N
CCI4
DIF:
C6H6
DIF:
12
DIF:
F
DIF:
carbohydrates
biological
organic
teflon
DIF:
higher
DIF:
DIF:
A
A
A
A
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
B
B
A
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
B
B
B
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
2/1
2/1
2/1
2/1
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
7/2
9/3
2/1
13/4
14/4
1/1
SHORT ANSWER
56.
DNA is a nucleic acid formed of millions of monomers. Each person's DNA is unique, so comparing a
person's DNA to DNA found in hair or fluids at a crime scene can link a person to the scene.
57.
First, they extract the crude oil from the ground. Then they separate it into its individual compounds by
boiling point in a process called fractional distillation.
58.
Polyethylene is used in shopping bags and plastic bottles. Polypropylene is used in glues and carpets.
59.
It is a huge molecule made of many smaller monomers linked together.
60.
It is a large organic molecule formed from monomers. Protein has 20 monomers called amino acids.
61.
C6H6
62.
No, they are not substituted hydrocarbons because none of their hydrogen atoms have been replaced
by other elements.
63.
carbon atoms have four outer electrons; they can bond with other carbon atoms; they can form single,
double, and triple bonds; they can combine with many atoms of other elements
64.
It codes and stores genetic information.
65.
twice as many hydrogen atoms
66.
a compound that results from sulfur replacing oxygen in the –OH group of an alcohol; also called thiol;
has a foul odor
67.
substances formed from the remains of fossilized materials; coal, natural gas, petroleum
68.
peptide bond