Parks Victoria Technical Paper Series No. 53
Species diversity and composition of
benthic infaunal communities found in
Marine National Parks along the outer
Victorian coast
S. Heislers and G.D. Parry
Fisheries Victoria (Fisheries Research Branch), DPI, Queenscliff
December 2007
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In 1998 the Department of Natural Resources and Environment commissioned a survey of
sediment and infauna along the entire length of the open Victorian coast. This study, known
as the “Victorian coastal benthos study” (VCBS), sampled sites at 3 depths (10 m, 20 m and
40 m) on 50 transects running perpendicular to the coast. Infauna was initially analysed from
only 58 of the 441 samples taken (Coleman et al. 2007), but following the declaration of 13
new Marine National Parks along the Victorian coast in 2002, Parks Victoria commissioned
the identification of benthic infauna from a further 46 samples from the VCBS, all of which
were located in or near Marine National Parks. This report summarises the results of the
analysis of these additional samples.
Data from both phases of the VCBS provide only weak support for the existence of
bioregions along the Victoria coast, but provide evidence of a region of elevated species
diversity in East Gippsland. Benthic species diversity in Bass Strait was compared with
diversity found in other benthic studies. While benthic species diversity has only been
measured in a small fraction of the world’s benthic communities, benthic diversity in Bass
Strait was higher than that recorded in any other region. In particular, Bass Strait has a
higher diversity of infauna than the deep sea, which many authors have claimed has the
highest benthic species diversity so far recorded. Two factors that may contribute to this high
diversity — historic-evolutionary factors, and temporal climatic variability resulting from the El
Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) — are discussed.
This study also identified very high densities of the invasive New Zealand screw shell,
Maoricolpus roseus, at 40 m depth in the Pt Hicks Marine National Park. Where this invasive
species was most abundant, the diversity of infauna was reduced, suggesting that this exotic
species poses a serious threat to the high diversity of infauna that is characteristic of much of
Bass Strait.
II
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................ II
CONTENTS...............................................................................................................
III
INDEX OF FIGURES AND TABLES......................................................................... IV
1 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................1
2 METHODS ...............................................................................................................2
2.1 SAMPLE COLLECTION ...............................................................................................................2
2.2 SELECTION OF SAMPLES FOR INFAUNAL ANALYSIS............................................................3
2.3 ANALYTICAL METHODS .............................................................................................................4
3 RESULTS ................................................................................................................6
3.1 SEDIMENT ...................................................................................................................................6
3.2 INFAUNA ......................................................................................................................................7
3.3 INTRODUCED SPECIES - N.Z. Screw Shell .............................................................................12
4 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................16
4.1 GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN SOFT SEDIMENT BENTHIC COMMUNITIES ........................16
4.2 SPECIES DIVERSITY IN SOFT SEDIMENT BENTHIC COMMUNITIES ..................................16
4.3 N.Z. SCREW SHELL .................................................................................................................20
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. ..........................................................................................20
REFERENCES .........................................................................................................21
APPENDIX 1 ......................................................................................................... A1.1
Victorian Coastal Benthic Survey site/sample locations and sediment characteristics. ............................................................. A1.1
APPENDIX 2 ......................................................................................................... A2.1
Faunal characteristics of Victorian coastal benthic samples ...................................................................................................... A2.1
APPENDIX
3A....................................................................................................... A3.1
Mean number of species identified of each family identified from Victorian Coastal Benthic Survey sites collected from 10 m
depths................................................................................................................................................................................
A3.1
APPENDIX
3B....................................................................................................... A3.3
Mean number of species identified of each family identified from Victorian Coastal Benthic Survey sites collected from 20 m
depths................................................................................................................................................................................
A3.3
APPENDIX
3C....................................................................................................... A3.6
Mean number of species identified of each family identified from Victorian Coastal Benthic Survey sites collected from 40 m
depths................................................................................................................................................................................
A3.6
APPENDIX
4A....................................................................................................... A4.1
Mean number of individuals identified for each family identified from Victorian Coastal Benthic Survey sites collected from 10 m
depths................................................................................................................................................................................
A4.1
APPENDIX
4B....................................................................................................... A4.3
Mean number of individuals identified for each family identified from Victorian Coastal Benthic Survey sites collected from 20 m
depths................................................................................................................................................................................
A4.3
APPENDIX
4C....................................................................................................... A4.6
Mean number of individuals identified for each family identified from Victorian Coastal Benthic Survey sites collected from 40 m
depths................................................................................................................................................................................
A4.6
APPENDIX 5. ........................................................................................................ A5.1
Maoricolpus roseus sampled off Point Hicks at 40 m depth....................................................................................................... A5.1
3
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
INDEX OF FIGURES AND TABLES
FIGURES
Figure 1. Map of the western and eastern coastline of Victoria showing the locations of transects (numbered 0-49) and sites
sampled during the Victorian Coastal Benthic Survey and the Orbost pulp mill study. The location of Marine National
Parks and the four IMCRA bioregions are also shown. The number of replicate samples analysed at each site is shown...
..............................................................................................................................................................................................2
Figure 2. Plot of median grain size of sediments from VCBS sites (distinguished by transect number and depth). Transects
were located along the length of the Victorian coastline and numbered from west to east as shown in Figure 1. Error bars
indicate one standard error. Black dots indicate sites located within MNPs. Dotted horizontal lines indicate the boundaries
between fine and medium (0.25 mm), and medium and coarse (0.50mm) sands as defined by Roob et al (1999). ........... 6
Figure 3. Plot of % carbonate of sediments from VCBS sites (distinguished by transect number and depth). Transects were
located along the length of the Victorian coastline and numbered from west to east as shown in Figure 1. Black dots
indicate sites located within MNPs ................................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 4. Plot of mean number of species per 0.1m2 sample analysed during the VCBS (sites distinguished by transect number
and depth) and Orbost Pulp Mill Study. Transects were located along the length of the Victorian coastline and numbered
from west to east as shown in Figure 1. Error bars indicate one standard error. Black dots indicate sites located within
MNPs. The shaded area represents the stretch of coastline sampled during the Orbost Pulp Mill study ......................... 11
Figure 5. Plot of mean number of individuals per 0.1m2 sample analysed during the VCBS (sites distinguished by transect
number and depth) and Orbost Pulp Mill Study. Transects were located along the length of the Victorian coastline and
numbered from west to east as shown in Figure 1. Error bars indicate one standard error. Black dots indicate sites
located within MNPs. The shaded area represents the stretch of coastline sampled during the Orbost Pulp Mill study. ..11
TABLES
Table 1. Number of replicate samples analysed for benthic infauna from each transect and depth during Phase 1 (Coleman et
al. 2000, 2007) and Phase 2 (this study, bold font) of the Victorian coastal benthos study. Shaded cells indicate sites
located within Marine National Park (MNP) boundaries. NS indicates sites not sampled. ................................................. 3
Table 2. Number of sites and replicates sampled per depth class and per season (ie. month) during the Orbost Pulp Mill Study..
..............................................................................................................................................................................................5
Table 3. Mean number of individuals per site of the top 20 most abundant families in 10, 20 and 40 m depth classes of the
VCBS. Ranks are based on the overall mean number of individuals across all sites sampled in each depth class.
Transects are grouped by bioregion (as defined by IMCRA, 1998). Blank cells indicate sites not sampled. Sites within
MNP boundaries are shaded. .......................................................................................................................................... 8
Table 4. Mean number of species per site of the top 20 most abundant families in 10, 20 and 40 m depth classes of the VCBS.
Ranks are based on the overall mean number of species across all sites sampled in each depth class. Transects are
grouped by bioregion (as defined by IMCRA, 1998). Blank cells indicate sites not sampled. Sites within MP / MNP
boundaries are shaded. ................................................................................................................................................... 9
Table 5. Number of families identified per major taxa within 10, 20 and 40 m depth classes of the VCBS. ‘+’ indicates taxa
where family level identifications weren’t made and were given a value of 1 in the totals. Numbers of replicate samples
are indictaed in parentheses. ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Table 6. Total number of species and individuals, and number and biomass of Maoricolpus roseus identified from three
replicate samples collected off Point Hicks (transect 46) at 40 m depth during the VCBS............................................... 13
Table 7. Comparison of species diversity of benthic infaunal communities found in different geographic areas in coastal and
deep sea regions ........................................................................................................................................................... 18
4
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
1 INTRODUCTION
Environmental studies undertaken in the late 1980s and the mid 1990s, when a new pulp mill
was proposed for the Orbost region, showed that the diversity of infauna off eastern Victoria
was exceptionally high (Parry et al. 1989, Coleman et al. 1997). Coleman et al. (1997) found
a total of 803 species in a sampled area of only 10.4 m2 along a 50 km stretch of coastline.
This diversity of infauna, in sandy sediments from depths 11–51 m, was higher than had
been measured in all previous studies of benthic communities, including those in the deep
sea and Norwegian fiords, which had previously been considered the world’s most diverse
soft sediment habitats (Coleman et al. 1997).
The very high diversity of infaunal species found in eastern Victoria, and plans to establish a
representative series of Marine National Parks (MNPs) along the Victorian coast, lead in
1998 to the former Department of Natural Resources and Environment commissioning a
survey of sediment and infauna along the entire length of the open Victorian coast. This
survey was intended to determine whether the high diversity found in eastern Victoria
extended along the entire Victorian coastline. This study, known as the “Victorian coastal
benthos study” (VCBS), sampled sites at 3 depths (10 m, 20 m and 40 m) on 50 transects
running perpendicular to the coast. The sediment composition of essentially all samples was
analysed by Roob et al (1999), but infauna were analysed from only 58 of the 441 samples
taken. The results of this analysis of benthic infauna were reported by Coleman et al. (2000,
2007) and have been termed the ‘Phase 1 study’ throughout this report.
Following the declaration of 13 new Marine National Parks (MNP) along the Victorian coast
in 2002, Parks Victoria commissioned the identification of benthic infauna from a further 46
samples from the VCBS. These samples had been stored since the field sampling in 1998.
The examination of these additional samples has been termed the ‘Phase 2 study’
throughout this report, but all analyses have included data from both phases of the study.
Phase 2 samples were mostly located in, or adjacent to, Marine National Parks including:
Discovery Bay MNP, Twelve Apostles MNP, Point Addis MNP, Wilsons Promontory MP and
MNP, Point Hicks MNP and Cape Howe MNP. However, as the VCBS sampling pre-dated
the declaration of most of Victoria’s MNPs, the Port Phillip Heads MNP, Bunurong MNP and
Ninety Mile Beach MNP were not sampled.
This study aimed to: (1) document the fauna from the Marine National Parks to assist with
the design of on-going monitoring; (2) determine whether the larger data set now available
for benthos along the Victorian coast identified any Victoria-wide patterns in species diversity
not detected in the smaller data set analysed by Coleman et al. (2000, 2007); and, (3) where
possible, identify any threatening processes to Victoria’s Marine National Parks.
1
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
2 METHODS
2.1 SAMPLE COLLECTION
Benthic sediment samples were collected during May 1998, along transects running
perpendicular to the coastline for the length of the entire Victorian coastline (Roob et al.,
1999). Fifty transects were spaced at intervals of approximately 20 km along the coast.
Sampling sites were located at depths of 10, 20 and 40 m along each transect, and three
replicates taken at each site.
Samples were collected with a Smith-McIntyre grab which sampled an area of 0.1 m2. A
small sub-sample (core) of sediment was taken from each grab sample, placed in a WhirlPak® sample bag and retained for grain-size analysis. The remaining portion of each
replicate sample was preserved in 10% neutral-buffered formalin for analysis of infauna.
Samples could not be collected from a small number of sites which occurred on rocky reef.
Figure 1. Map of the western and eastern coastline of Victoria showing the locations of transects
(numbered 0–49) and sites sampled during the Victorian Coastal Benthic Survey and the Orbost pulp
mill study. The location of Marine National Parks and the four IMCRA bioregions are also shown. The
number of replicate samples analysed at each site is shown.
2
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
2.2 SELECTION OF SAMPLES FOR INFAUNAL ANALYSIS
During the Phase 1 study infauna were sorted from 58 grab samples from 36 sites (25
transects) by Coleman et al. (2000, 2007) (Table 1). Samples were chosen from the four
Victorian coastal IMCRA (1998) bioregions, and from each depth and sediment type. A single
replicate was analysed from most sites to maximise spatial coverage, while two or three
replicates were analysed from a small number of sites to measure small-scale variability.
Table 1. Number of replicate samples analysed for benthic infauna from each transect and depth
during Phase 1 (Coleman et al. 2000, 2007) and Phase 2 (this study, bold font) of the Victorian coastal
benthos study. Shaded cells indicate sites located within Marine National Park (MNP) boundaries. NS
indicates sites not sampled.
Transect
Number
2
3
4
8
12
14
15
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
26
27
28
30
31
32
33
34
37
38
39
40
41
45
46
48
49
Total
10
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
Depth (m)
20
40
NS
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
-
NS
NS
2
-
1
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Marine National Park
Discovery Bay MNP
Twelve Apostles MNP
Point Addis MNP
NS
-
-
1
1
1
NS
NS
NS
2
2
2
2
1
3
1
2
2
1
-
NS
NS
2
1
1
3
1
2
2
2
45
3
2
1
2
27
Port Phillip Heads MNP
Bunurong MNP
1
Wilsons Promontory MP
1 + 1 Wilsons Promontory MNP
2
Wilsons Promontory MNP
1
1
NS
Ninety Mile Beach MNP
1
1
1
3
3
Point Hicks MNP
1
Cape Howe MNP
32
3
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
During the Phase 2 study infauna were sorted from a further 46 samples from 23 sites (11
transects) located within (31) or adjacent to (15) MNPs (Table 1).
The geographic coordinates of each sample and (where present) the occurrence of reef are
noted in Appendix 1.
2.3 ANALYTICAL METHODS
2.3.1 Infaunal Analysis
Samples retained for faunal analysis were sieved through a 0.5 mm mesh. All animals
retained on the sieve were identified and counted at the Marine and Freshwater Fisheries
Research Institute of Department of Primary Industries, or at Museum Victoria.
Taxonomic identifications were made by the senior author (S. Heislers) during Phase 1 (in
part) and Phase 2 (in full), assuring consistency in identifications between the two phases of
this study.
During the Phase 1 analysis of benthic infauna, the majority of polychaetes, molluscs,
crustaceans, cnidarians, pycnogonids and echinoderms were identified to species, while
higher-level identifications were made for other groups. Nematodes and epifaunal groups
(e.g. sponges, hydroids, bryozoa, ascidians) were not identified or recorded.
During the Phase 2 analysis, infauna were identified to family level, but the number of
species in each family was also counted. Counting the number of species present, without
determining their identity (i.e. their scientific name), enabled species abundance to be
compared with samples from the Phase 1 study, at minimal cost. Because species-level
identifications were not made during Phase 2, estimates of species abundance of some of
the more taxonomically-challenging and species-rich families may have been underestimated
by 1 or 2 species per sample. We consider it very unlikely that the number of species in a
sample was under-estimated by more than 5%.
2.3.2 Sediment Analysis
Sediment sub-samples (cores) from the two most visually similar replicate samples (i.e.
based on sediment texture) from each site were combined to provide a composite sample for
sediment analysis (Roob et al. 1999).
Sediment mean grain size was determined by settling-tube analysis, and percentage
carbonate content was determined by gravimetric determination (Roob et al. 1999). Details of
analytical method for the determination of sediment particle size and for carbonate content
are given in Appendices 1 and 2 of Roob et al. (1999).
2.3.3 Statistical Analysis
Mean numbers of individuals and species and standard errors were calculated for each
family at all sites analysed during Phase 1 and 2 of the VCBS. In addition, mean numbers of
individuals and species were calculated for each site for the twenty most abundant families
within each of the 10, 20 and 40 m depth classes.
The number of species in a sample may be overestimated when specimens are identified at
a taxonomic level higher than species level (e.g. in the case of damaged or incomplete
specimens) and counted as unique species when the same species has already been
identified from other specimens. This error may be further compounded when calculating
species richness across multiple samples (e.g. through the production of species
accumulation curves) where the same species is counted multiple times from partially
identified specimens from a number of different samples.
All records of taxa (i.e. polychaetes, molluscs, crustaceans, cnidarians, pycnogonids and
echinoderms) that were not positively identified to species were excluded from the analysis
of Phase 1 data by Coleman et al. (2000, 2007) to avoid overestimating species richness.
4
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
However, as a consequence they underestimated the numbers of species and individuals in
many samples. In most cases this error was insignificant, but in a small number of cases it
was as much as 10 or more species in a sample (i.e. up to 10% of the total) or 100 or more
individuals (i.e. up to 50% of the total). In this study, only those records of partially identified
taxa were excluded where there was a possibility that the taxa had already been identified
from other specimens in the sample. Partially identified taxa were only excluded where the
sample contained other specimens from the same taxonomic group as the partially identified
specimen.
In addition to the VCBS, data on benthic species diversity were collected along 50 km of
coastline in East Gippsland by Coleman et al. (1997) to assess potential impacts of a
proposed pulp mill near Orbost. Sampling and data analysis were identical to those in Phase
1 of the VCBS. Samples were collected from 38 sites located within three study areas
(Figure 1) at depths ranging from 11 m to 51 m, and on three separate occasions
(September 1990, February and June 1991). To enable comparison with the VCBS data,
Orbost Pulp Mill study sites were placed into one of 5 depth classes including 10 m (one site
at 11 m), 20 m (16–25 m), 30 m (26–35 m), 40 m (36–45 m) and 50 m (46–55 m), and data
was pooled over the three sampling events. The number of sites and the number of
replicates included in each of these depth classes are shown in Table 2. As the species
richness/site in the Orbost study was much higher than in the VCBS these differences were
further explored by examining temporal differences in species richness in the Orbost study.
Mean species richness/site was plotted against depth for three seasons in which sampling
occurred.
Table 2. Number of sites and replicates sampled per depth class and per season (ie. month) during
the Orbost Pulp Mill Study.
Depth (m)
10
20
30
40
50
September 1990
N sites
N replicates
1
3
6
6
12
20
11
11
8
10
February 1991
N sites
N replicates
1
3
2
6
2
6
3
9
1
3
June 1991
N sites
N replicates
1
3
2
6
2
6
3
9
1
3
N sites
1
6
12
11
8
Total
N replicates
9
18
32
29
16
Coleman et al. (2000, 2007) calculated diversity (Shannon Wiener) and evenness (Pielou)
values for samples analysed during Phase 1 of the VCBS. However, neither species diversity
nor evenness could be calculated for samples analysed during Phase 2 because the number
of individuals of each species present in each sample were not determined.
Families from each depth class were ranked by their abundance across the entire zone, and
the distribution patterns of the more abundant taxa were summarised.
5
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
3 RESULTS
3.1 SEDIMENT
3.1.1 Particle Size
Median sediment grain size analysis classified the sediments from all sites sampled during
the VCBS as fine, medium or coarse sand (Figure 2, Appendix 1).
Sediments from sites within the 10 m depth class from the western and central coasts were
consistently classed as fine. However, there was considerable variation in sediment particle
size between 10 m sites from the east coast which were classed as fine, medium or (at one
site) coarse.
There was a large amount of variation in grain size between sites from the 20 and 40 m
depth classes across the entire coastline with fine, medium and coarse sand sediment
classes represented. Despite this variation, sites within 20 and 40 m depth classes sampled
from the east coast generally had a larger grain size than those from the western and central
coasts.
1.0
Vict Coast 40m
0.9
Vict Coast 20m
Vict Coast 10m
0.8
MNP
Median Grain Size (mm)
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Transect Number
Figure 2. Plot of median grain size of sediments from VCBS sites (distinguished by transect
number and depth). Transects were located along the length of the Victorian coastline and
numbered from west to east as shown in Figure 1. Error bars indicate one standard error. Black
dots indicate sites located within MNPs. Dotted horizontal lines indicate the boundaries between
fine and medium (0.25 mm), and medium and coarse (0.50mm) sands as defined by Roob et al
(1999).
3.1.2 % Carbonate
The proportion of carbonate in sediments appears to be strongly related to geographic
location with percentage carbonate greatest in sediments from the far west of the state (more
than 90%) and smallest (approximately 10%) in those from the far east of the state (Figure 3,
Appendix 1). Though there was a considerable variation in sediment % carbonate between
neighbouring sites, particularly for sites from the 40 m depth class, the pattern of decreasing
sediment % carbonate from west to east was apparent in all depth classes.
6
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
100
Vict Coast 40m
90
Vict Coast 20m
Vict Coast 10m
80
MNP
70
% Carbonate
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
Transect
number
Site Number
40
50
Figure 3. Plot of % carbonate of sediments from VCBS sites (distinguished by transect number
and depth). Transects were located along the length of the Victorian coastline and numbered
from west to east as shown in Figure 1. Black dots indicate sites located within MNPs.
3.2 INFAUNA
3.2.1 Community Composition
The number of species, families and individuals identified from each sample analysed during
Phase 1 and 2, and evenness and diversity for samples analysed during Phase 1 are
detailed in Appendix 2. The mean number of species and individuals identified in each family
at each site analysed during Phases 1 and 2 are shown in Appendices 3 and 4.
The number of individuals in the 20 most abundant families in each depth class along the
Victorian coast is shown in Table 3, and the number of species in each of these families is
shown in Table 4. There were no clear differences in representation of families between
bioregions within the 10, 20 or 40 m depth classes.
Representation of major taxa was relatively consistent between depth classes. Crustaceans
were the dominant taxa in each depth class in each bioregion, representing more than half
(i.e. 11–14) of the twenty most abundant families. The majority of these were amphipods and
cumaceans, while isopods and ostracods were also common in all depth classes.
Polychaetes represented the bulk (ie. 5–9) of the remaining families while molluscs were
poorly represented (ie. 0-1 families). Nemertea were common to all depth classes.
Nine families were common in all depth classes, including four amphipod families
(Phoxocephalidae, Caprellidae, Urohaustoriidae and Ampeliscidae), three polychaete
families (Spionidae, Syllidae and Paraonidae) and two cumacean families (Gynodiastylidae
and Diastylidae).
The total number of families identified in each major taxon for each of the 10, 20 and 40 m
depth classes of the VCBS is summarised in Table 5. The 40 m depth class was represented
by the highest number of families, and the 10 m depth class was represented by the least.
Approximately one quarter of all families identified during the VCBS were represented in all
depth classes, while more than half were common to just one depth class. The 20 and 40 m
7
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
depth classes were most similar sharing 59% families in common, and the 10 and 40 m
classes were least similar with just 41% of families in common.
Table 3. Mean number of individuals per site of the top 20 most abundant families in 10, 20 and 40
m depth classes of the VCBS. Ranks are based on the overall mean number of individuals across all
sites sampled in each depth class. Transects are grouped by bioregion (as defined by IMCRA, 1998).
Blank cells indicate sites not sampled. Sites within MNP boundaries are shaded. Dots represent zeros.
40 m
20 m
10 m
Depth Rank Phylum
Family
Otway
Central Victoria
Flinders
Two-fold shelf
2 3 4 8 12 14151718 19 20 21 22 23 26 27283031 32 33 34 37 38394041 45 46 48 49
1 PolychaetaSpionidae
3
8 6
95
8 20 51
379
6 16 10 6 32 1
2 Crustacea Urohaustoriidae
8
41 56
2
15 36 57
4
16 12 4 21 18 15
3 Crustacea Platyischnopidae
6
42 18
31
416 71
6
1 3 5 5 . 2
4 PolychaetaSyllidae
2
60 6
2
510 20
1
. 8 9 64 2 .
5 PolychaetaCirratulidae
35
5 150
2
. . .
.
9 9 . 60 . 1
6 Mollusca Trochidae
.
. .
.
. . .
.
. . . 1 . 1
7 Crustacea Phoxocephalidae 14
38 4
8
3 4 3
6
2 2 14 62 21 3
8 Crustacea Gynodiastylidae
1
. .
.
. 7 5
.
. . 3 1 158 .
9 Crustacea Diastylidae
.
2 2
3
9 4 2
1
1 . 1 . 158 .
10 Crustacea Corophiidae
.
27 4
.
28 1 2
2
3 . 8 11 3 .
11 Crustacea Philomedidae
9
8 2
.
23 5 10
3
3 3 1 . . 3
12 PolychaetaLumbrineridae
3
1 .
1
1 . 1
.
11 7 . 40 1 2
13 PolychaetaOpheliidae
1
37 4
16
2 1 3
1
. 1 1 5 .
.
14 Crustacea Paranthuridae
1
1 .
60
3 .
.
2
1 2 . . . 1
15 Crustacea Callianassidae
.
. .
.
7 1 ..
. . . . 18 . 1 .
Crustacea Leptanthuridae
.
. .
.
. 15 6 .
. . . 40 3 .
17 Nemertea Nemertea
10
2 3
2
. . 2
6
2 5 . 2 5 1
18 Crustacea Lysianassidae
1
2 2
9
4 3 1
5
3 1 3 3 8 .
19 PolychaetaParaonidae
.
11 5
1
2 3 5
4
. 6 2 2 2 .
20 Crustacea Ampeliscidae
1
. 5
1
8 5 4
11
. . . 13 8 .
1 PolychaetaSyllidae
90
2
24 11 1
1 12 116 13
2 PolychaetaSpionidae
9
16
57 128197
21 53 51 16
3 PolychaetaCirratulidae
318
8
1 . 1
. 1 3 4
4 Crustacea Urohaustoriidae
8
16
33 48 57
8 13 22 1
5 Crustacea Platyischnopidae
2
58
127 88
1 27 . .
6 Crustacea Phoxocephalidae 50
8
6 8 23
4 17 12 30
7 Crustacea Corophiidae
.
.
6 1 27
55 26 16 17
8 Crustacea Ampeliscidae
18
80
4 . 2
1 14 3 36
9 Crustacea Gynodiastylidae
.
.
5 11 88
3 13 8 5
3
10 Crustacea Cylindroleberididae 10
1
1 1 29
. 2 3 68
11 PolychaetaDorvilleidae
.
.
3 .
.
. . 22 1
11 PolychaetaParaonidae
2
.
2 1 2
1 3 16 18
13 Crustacea Philomedidae
4
6
525 16 2 1 1 2
2
Crustacea Apseudidae
.
.
1 .
.
. . 58 .
15 Nemertea Nemertea
4
.
6 1 3
2 3 9 10
16 PolychaetaOrbiniidae
1
.
1 4 5
. 1 16 19
17 PolychaetaHesionidae
.
.
47 . .
. . . .
Crustacea Diastylidae
.
.
2 4 34
1 4 . 1
Crustacea Lysianassidae
6
4
1 6 4 3 9 . 11
.
20 PolychaetaNereididae
4
.
9 . .
. . . .
1 PolychaetaSpionidae
1 1 5 10 20 . 27 5
34
1 107 14
38 53 11 34 113
2 PolychaetaParaonidae
. 1 . 1 . . 6 10
.
. . 7
22 66 18 146 51
3 PolychaetaSyllidae
1 1 25 2 . . 2 28
.
1 2 14
9 41 1 38 31
4 Crustacea Kalliapseudidae
. . . . . . . 3
.
5 . .
3 10 . 4 78
5 Crustacea Phoxocephalidae
2 8 8 9 9 3 9 6
.
. 10 11
16 13 . 2 1
6 Crustacea Corophiidae
1 3 40 1 6 . . 3
4
13 6 4
1 21 1 7 11
7 Mollusca Turritellidae
. . . . . . . .
.
. . .
. . .
. .
8 Crustacea Pagurapseudidae
. . . . . . . .
.
. . 1
. . . . .
9 Crustacea Paranthuridae
1 . 1 . 1 . . 4
.
10 10 2
6 6 . 26 7
10 Crustacea Ischyroceridae
3 . 24 . 1 1 . 2
.
86 . 1
. . . . 1
11 Crustacea Urohaustoriidae
9 19 1 17 14 . 3 .
1
. 23 .
16 1 . .
.
12 Nemertea Nemertea
. 1 . 1 2 . 1 3
.
. 1 4
1 8 1 14 5
13 PolychaetaOrbiniidae
. 1 . . . 1 3 1
.
. 2 .
1 1 3 5 .
14 Crustacea Aoridae
50 2 . . . . . 2
.
12 . .
1 6 . . 1
15 Crustacea Janiridae
. . . . . . . 5
.
5 . 6
. . . . 8
16 PolychaetaCapitellidae
. . . . . . 1 3
.
. . 3
2 18 7 7 1
17 Crustacea Ampeliscidae
1 . . 35 . . . 1
.
. 1 .
6 7 1 3 .
18 Crustacea Bairdiidae
. . . . . . . 1
.
. . 1
. . . . 1
19 Crustacea Apseudidae
. . . . . . . 32
.
6 . 1
. 1 1 . 3
19 Crustacea Gynodiastylidae
1410 2 1 1 . 4 2
2
1 6 2
6 3 . 2 .
8
35 21
50 31
122 7
5 3
2 .
18
1
2
1
13
.
5
12
.
.
1
3
7
1
22
10
44
7
18
8
.
.
6
.
3
3
1
.
.
1
1
7
15
.
.
4
.
.
10
2
1
.
43
.
8
.
.
.
1 29 1 11 . 4
5 77 2 19 29 10
13 39 . . 79 8
2 1 136 13 2 37
. 3 . 6 12 .
.................... 285 .
1 4 2 7 15 10
2 2 . 1 1 1
. . . . . .
. . 3 6 . 5
. 6 . 3 . .
. 1 . 11 3 13
. 16 1 1 . 2
1 1 . 2 .
.
.
.
.
. 16
. . . . . 5
3 3 . 3 6 .
. 6 . 3 4 1
5 . . 1 . 2
. . . . . .
91
292 1 21
3
3 1 1
3
. 9 .
.
3 41 13
3
3 31 9
7
6 14 18
1
. 8 4
.
. . 1
.
. 10
.
. 4 3
22
29 . .
19
. 4 9
1 . .
14
.
. . .
15
3 3 .
3
6 . .
3
. . . 18
.
1 . . 19
. 1 1
30
. . 1
16 11 6
70 17
11 45 51
18 34
12 21 34
94 45
25 14 .
5 .
8 7 4
6 1
5 3 2
5 .
. . .
140 .
. . .
126 .
17 20 4
. .
. . 1
1 .
. . .
. 2
8 8 9
16 8
30 40 1
1 .
. . 3
. .
. . 4
42 1
. 3 9
9 6
8 1 .
. .
. . 6
41 6
. . 1
. .
3 . .
1 .
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Table 4. Mean number of species per site of the top 20 most abundant families in 10, 20 and 40 m
depth classes of the VCBS. Ranks are based on the overall mean number of species across all sites
sampled in each depth class. Transects are grouped by bioregion (as defined by IMCRA, 1998). Blank
cells indicate sites not sampled. Sites within MP / MNP boundaries are shaded. Dots represent zeros.
40 m
20 m
10 m
Depth Rank
Phylum
Family
Otway
Central Victoria
Flinders
Two-fold shelf
2 3 4 8 12 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 27 28 30 31 32 33 34 37 38 39 40 41 45 46 48 49
1
2
3
4
5
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
19
19
1
2
3
4
5
6
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Mollusca
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Phoxocephalid
Spionidae
Caprellidae
Urohaustoriida
Paraonidae
Syllidae
Bodotriidae
Lysianassidae
Nephtyidae
Gynodiastylida
Platyischnopid
Capitellidae
Leptanthuridae
Thraciidae
Diastylidae
Corophiidae
Oedicerotidae
Orbiniidae
Ampeliscidae
Paracalliopiida
Sarsiellidae
Phoxocephalid
Syllidae
Spionidae
Ischyroceridae
Bodotriidae
Corophiidae
3
2
.
1
.
1
1
1
.
1
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
.
3
2
3
.
2
.
7
8
9
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Melitidae
Phyllodocidae
Arcturidae
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
2
.
.
1
.
1
.
9 Crustacea
Caprellidea
9 Polychaeta
Nephtyidae
12 Polychaeta
Paraonidae
13 Crustacea
Gynodiastylida
14 Crustacea
Lysianassidae
15 Crustacea
Diastylidae
16 Crustacea
Eusiridae
16 Crustacea
Leptanthuridae
16 Crustacea
Liljeborgiidae
16 Crustacea
Urohaustoriida
16 Platyhelminth Turbellaria
1 Polychaeta
Paraonidae
2 Crustacea
Phoxocephalid
3 Polychaeta
Syllidae
4 Polychaeta
Spionidae
5 Crustacea
Melitidae
6 Crustacea
Corophiidae
7 Crustacea
Diastylidae
7 Crustacea
Rutidermatidae
Crustacea
Urohaustoriida
Crustacea
Janiridae
11 Polychaeta
Terebellidae
12 Crustacea
Paranthuridae
13 Crustacea
Kalliapseudida
14 Polychaeta
Onuphidae
15 Polychaeta
Nereididae
16 Polychaeta
Dorvilleidae
17 Crustacea
Gynodiastylida
18 Crustacea
Joeropsidae
Polychaeta
Orbiniidae
20 Crustacea
Aoridae
20 Polychaeta
Lumbrineridae
4
3
.
2
2
2
1
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
1
.
1
1
.
4
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
5
1
1
.
2
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
.
5
8
3
1
8
.
.
1
.
2
1
.
1
1
.
2
.
.
.
.
2
2
.
1
1
2
2
2
.
.
2
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
1
.
.
3
1
2
.
2
.
2
3
.
3
2
1
2
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
1
.
1
3
3
2
2
1
2
2
3
.
1
1
3
2
2
1
1
1
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
1
1
.
3
2
2
.
3
1
1
2
.
1
2
2
1
1
.
1
1
.
1
.
1
1
1
.
1
1
.
4
1
3
.
2
2
.
.
.
4
3
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
2
1
1
2
.
.
5
.
3
3
6
3
4
2
3
.
.
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
1
1
.
1
.
1
3
2
3
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
4
6
1
4
.
1
.
.
3
.
.
3
1
2
.
.
2
.
1
1
.
.
2
.
.
1
.
1
.
1
3
1
2
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
3
3
.
2
1
1
.
2
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
4
.
2
.
3
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
2
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
4
4
1
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
2
.
.
2
2
.
1
2
1
2
2
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
2
2
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
2
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
9
2
1
.
3
.
.
1
2
.
.
1
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
2
5
.
.
.
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
.
2
.
.
4
1
5
.
1
.
.
4
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
1
7
3
2
1
3
.
.
.
2
2
1
.
4
1
.
2
.
.
.
.
1
2
.
3
3
1
1
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
1
2
1
2
.
.
1
4
2
2
1
2
3
1
2
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
1
4
3
2
.
1
2
4
2
.
1
1
3
.
1
.
1
2
1
1
.
.
1
1
1
1
1
.
2
4
3
.
.
2
3
5
.
1
2
1
.
2
2
3
.
1
2
1
3
1
.
2
2
1
.
4
2
4
.
.
2
2
1
.
2
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
3
2
.
3
2
1
3
1
.
1
1
2
.
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
3
.
4
.
1
2
.
.
2
1
2
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
2
1
1
.
4
2
1
2
.
.
2
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1 1 .
. 1 2
2 . .
2
.
2
2
2
2
.
1
.
1
.
4
5
3
4
2
3
.
.
1
.
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
.
1
3
1
.
2
3
1
.
.
1
2
.
2
.
3
.
1
5
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
2
.
1
.
2
1
1
2
1
.
2
.
1
2
3
2
4
5
.
3
.
.
.
.
3
2
2
.
1
1
1
.
1
.
1
6
1
3
2
2
4
.
2
.
2
3
3
2
2
1
2
.
2
.
1
.
3
5
6
5
4
3
.
2
2
.
1
2
2
1
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
4
2
4
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
2
2
1
2
.
3
.
3
.
2
7
2
4
3
.
2
.
.
.
.
1
2
1
.
1
.
.
.
3
.
2
1
2
.
3
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
2
.
.
.
1
3
5
2
.
.
1
2
1
.
1
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
2
2
.
1
1
3
2
1
.
1
.
1
.
2
.
1
.
1
.
1
1
2
3
2
.
2
.
4
.
.
3
.
1
.
2
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
.
2
1
4
1
1
.
2
3
3
2
.
1
1
3
.
1
.
1
2
.
1
.
.
1
1
1
.
1
1
3
2
1
0
0
2
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
0
0
0
.
.
4
.
.
.
1
.
2
.
.
5
2
4
3
3
2
.
.
.
3
2
1
.
1
2
2
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
. 0
. 0
1 1
. 1 2
. 1 1
1 . 0
. . 0
. . 1
. . 0
1 1 1
1 1 0
2 5
3 1
4 4
3 4
3 .
1 .
. .
. .9
. 1 10
2 1
1 .
. .
1 .
1 2
2 .
1 .
1 .
. . 19
1 .
. .
2 .
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Table 5. Number of families identified per major taxa within 10, 20 and 40 m depth classes of the
VCBS. ‘+’ indicates taxa where family level identifications weren’t made and were given a value of 1 in
the totals. Numbers of replicate samples are indicated in parentheses.
Taxa
10 m
20 m
40 m
(n=45)
(n=27)
(n=32)
50
23
22
5
1
+
+
+
+
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
107
64
34
24
5
3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
139
86
41
32
10
3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
.
+
+
+
+
+
185
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Mollusca
Echinodermata
Pycnogonida
Cnidaria
Hemichordata
Nematoda
Nemertea
Platyhelminthes
Sipuncula
Ascidacea
Oligochaeta
Chaetognatha
Chelicerata
Chordata
Echiura
Phoronida
Porifera
Total
3.2.2 Trends in Species Diversity along the Victorian Coast
The total number of species per site increased with depth. There were more species at 40 m
than at 20 m and more at 20 m than at 10 m. But variation between replicates within a site
showed considerable overlap in species richness between sites from different depths (Figure
4). The variation in species richness between sites was considerably higher within the 40 m
depth class than for either of the 10 or 20 m depth classes.
Variation in species richness at each depth along the Victorian coast showed considerable
overlap, but at all depths species richness appeared higher between transects 32 (Wilsons
Promontory) and 37 (Seaspray) in eastern Victoria. Samples collected from the east coast
generally exhibited higher total numbers of species than samples collected from the central
or west coasts.
The total number of species from samples analysed during the Orbost Pulp Mill study was
higher than found in the VCBS at all depths. The number of species recorded per site during
the Orbost study was twice that found during the VCBS at depths of 10 m and 40 m, but only
marginally higher at a depth of 20 m. Only one site (11 m depth, 9 replicate samples) was
sampled within the 10 m depth class for the Orbost study, but eleven sites (29 replicate
samples) were sampled within the 40 m depth class (Table 2).
The total number of individuals in samples collected during the VCBS was generally highest
for samples within the 20 m depth class, though there was strong overlap between all depth
classes across the entire state (Figure 5). There was no strong relationship between the
10
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
number of individuals and the geographic location of samples, though within the 40 m depth
class there were more individuals per sample from the east of the state versus the west.
200
190
Orbost 50m
180
Orbost 40m
170
160
Orbost 30m
150
Orbost 20m
140
Orbost 10m
Number of Species
130
120
Vict. Coast 40m
110
Vict. Coast 20m
100
90
Vict. Coast 10m
80
MNP
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
Transect Number
40
50
Figure 4. Plot of mean number of species per 0.1m2 sample analysed during the VCBS (sites
distinguished by transect number and depth) and Orbost Pulp Mill Study. Transects were
located along the length of the Victorian coastline and numbered from west to east as shown in
Figure 1. Error bars indicate one standard error. Black dots indicate sites located within MNPs.
The shaded area represents the stretch of coastline sampled during the Orbost Pulp Mill study.
1400
Orbost 50m
1300
Orbost 40m
1200
Orbost 30m
1100
Orbost 20m
Number of Individuals
1000
Orbost 10m
900
Vict. Coast 40m
800
Vict. Coast 20m
700
Vict. Coast 10m
600
MNP
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
10
20
30
Transect Number
40
50
Figure 5. Plot of mean number of individuals per 0.1m2 sample analysed during the VCBS
(sites distinguished by transect number and depth) and Orbost Pulp Mill Study. Transects were
located along the length of the Victorian coastline and numbered from west to east as shown in
Figure 1. Error bars indicate one standard error. Black dots indicate sites located within MNPs.
The shaded area represents the stretch of coastline sampled during the Orbost Pulp Mill study.
11
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
There was no clear difference in the mean number of individuals per sample for sites within
each depth class from the VCBS and the Orbost Pulp Mill study.
3.2.3 Seasonal Variation – Orbost Pulp Mill study
The mean number of species per 0.1m2 sample was generally highest in samples collected
during February 1991 and lowest in September 1990 across all depth ranges sampled (11–
51 m). Differences between number of species collected in September 1990 and June 1991
were generally not significant. The most significant differences occurred between samples
collected during February 1991 and September 1990 from depths ranging from 29–43 m.
The mean number of species in samples collected during February was on average
approximately 50% greater than those collected during September, and up to 120% greater.
200
Feb. 1991
190
180
June 1991
170
Sept. 1990
160
150
140
Number of Species
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Depth (m)
35
40
45
50
55
Figure 6. Seasonal variation in mean number of species of infauna per 0.1 m2 grab sample
versus depth collected during the Orbost Pulp Mill study, from September 1990 – June 1991.
Error bars represent one standard error.
3.3 INTRODUCED SPECIES - N.Z. Screw Shell
An unusually high abundance of the invasive New Zealand screw shell, Maoricolpus roseus,
was identified in all three replicate samples collected off Point Hicks (transect 46) in 40 m of
water.
The N.Z. screw shell accounted for more than 90% of the total biomass of infauna in these
samples (Table 6, Appendix 5). Replicate 2 had by far the highest biomass of NZ screw
shells, the lowest number of individuals and fewer species of infauna than the other two
replicate samples.
12
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Table 6. Total number of species and individuals, and number and biomass of Maoricolpus roseus
identified from three replicate samples collected off Point Hicks (transect 46) at 40 m depth during the
VCBS.
VCBS transect 46, 40m depth
Replicate 1 Replicate 2 Replicate 3
Total number of infaunal species
2
Total no. of individuals (per m )
2
Number of M. roseus individuals (per m )
2
Wet weight of M. roseus (gm / m )
13
62
37
71
9740
2350
12550
1620
680
1930
290
1800
400
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
■
■
■
Figure 7a. Probablity of presence of NZ screw shells near Pt Hicks based on mapping during
2006 (from Holmes et al. 2007) and observations of distribution during this study in 1998 (Red=
NZ screw shells abundant, green= NZ screw shells absent).
14
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
■
■
■
Figure 7b. Observations of NZ screw shells near Pt Hicks based on ground truthing during
2006 (diamonds, from Holmes et al. 2007) and observations from this study in 1998 (Red= NZ
screw shells abundant, green= NZ screw shells absent).
15
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
4 DISCUSSION
4.1 GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN SOFT SEDIMENT BENTHIC
COMMUNITIES
Coleman et al. (2000, 2007) detected no clear geographic variation in the taxonomic
composition of benthic communities along the Victorian coast, providing only weak evidence
supporting the subdivision of the Victorian coast into bioregions. Similarly, O’Hara (2001)
found no evidence of a geographical gradient from west to east in Victorian subtidal rocky
reef communities. In contrast, Coleman et al. (2007) found strong evidence for the influence
of sediment type and depth on community composition.
A distinctive feature of benthic sediments (i.e. sand) along the Victorian coast is the marked
reduction in carbonate content east of Wilsons Promontory and the relatively low carbonate
fractions in East Gippsland. Sands of the west coast are of a biogenic origin (produced from
living organisms or biological processes), consisting of foraminifera, bryozoans and molluscs
with minimal terrigenous (derived from terrestrial environments) contribution, and
consequenty have a high calcareous component (Bird, 1993; Wass et al., 1970). Sands from
the east coast have been derived from the weathering of quartzose mantles and nearshore
granite outcrops and have a low carbonate content. The contrasting biological productivity of
eastern and western Victoria waters may also influence the carbonate content of sediments.
The warm, nutrient poor East Australian current may contribute less carbonate than the
cooler and biologically rich waters to the west (Bird, 1993).
Roob et al. (1999) also suggested that rocky reefs may contribute higher levels of calcium
carbonate since they are capable of supporting greater biomass of marine fauna from which
calcium carbonate is derived, and noted that a greater proportion of rocky reefs occur along
the west and central Victorian coasts than on the east coast.
4.2 SPECIES DIVERSITY IN SOFT SEDIMENT BENTHIC
COMMUNITIES
Coleman et al. (1997) and Etter and Grassle (1992) found that species richness increased
with sediment heterogeneity, suggesting that resource partitioning of sediments with respect
to grain size occurs, enabling more species to coexist (Levin et al. 2001). Although the
degree of sorting was shown to be associated with depth, Coleman et al. (1997) concluded
that sorting rather than depth was the major factor controlling species richness. They also
suggested that because well-sorted sediments are in shallower water, reduced species
richness in shallower water may be due to increased physical disturbance, through increased
wave action.
The Phase 2 study suggests that the diversity of species may be higher in at least some
transects in eastern, although not in far eastern, Victoria. The reason that diversity may be
higher in this region is uncertain, but differences in wave energy may be important. The
region with elevated species diversity occurs in eastern Bass Strait, far enough east to have
reduced influence from the large swells entering western Bass Strait, but not far enough east
to have the full influence from swells from the Pacific Ocean. Regionally lower wave energy
may cause sediments characteristic of deeper water elsewhere on the coast to be found
closer inshore. As there is a clear relationship between sediment type, depth and diversity
(Coleman et al. 1997, Figure 6) this may result in higher diversity at specific depths in those
parts of East Gippsland subject to reduced wave energy. Analysis of additional samples from
eastern Victoria would be helpful to confirm this apparent regional variation.
Coleman et al. (1997) concluded that the species diversity found in East Gippsland was the
highest yet found in any marine sediments, including those in the deep sea. This conclusion
16
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
was supported by Gray et al. (1997) and Poore and O’Hara (2007), both of whom
emphasised the lack of strong evidence for species diversity in the deep sea being clearly
higher than that in shelf sediments, and the paucity of data upon which generalisations on
patterns in benthic species diversity have been based.
Species diversity is usually compared in one of two ways: on a unit area basis, or using
rarefaction techniques to estimate the number of species expected for a particular number of
individuals collected. The latter technique is the only possible basis when benthic samples
are collected using qualitative sampling techniques such as deep sea sleds, and has often
been considered more appropriate when comparing shallow and deep sea diversity, as the
lower density of biota in the deep sea means that diversity per unit area in this region will
necessarily be lower. Levin et al. (2001) further argue that it is inadequate to compare
species diversity based on the number of individuals collected, but that species diversity
should only be based on the asymptote of curves of the number of species vs no of
individuals. If comparisons of species diversity between different regions are restricted as
suggested by Levin et al. (2001), there are virtually no suitable data for regional
comparisons, and for the deep sea there are no data for any region that suggests an
asymptote has yet been reached. Indeed, as the deep sea may show a high degree of
connectedness over very large areas, to restrict comparisons of diversity based just on
asymptotic values of species number vs individuals may result in comparions of the number
of species in very large (deep sea) areas with much smaller shallower regions. This concept
of diversity seems at odds with the more usual concept that asks why some areas support
more species than others (e.g. Connell and Orias 1964), which imply comparisons based on
similar areas of sampling. We take the view that comparisons of species diversity on an area
basis, on a per number of individuals basis, and as the asymptote of species vs number of
individuals curves are all of interest, at least until we better understand the causes of
diversity.
Large-scale marine biogeography is still in a descriptive phase, where establishing pattern is
a primary objective (Rex et al. 2005). It therefore remains of interest whether the diversity of
species in Bass Strait is unusually high. Species diversity has not been measured in soft
sediments in most regions of the world, so benthic diversity in Bass Strait may yet prove to
be unexceptional (Gray et al. 1997). However, there remains a view that the deep sea is
exceptionally diverse (Levin et al. 2001), despite the diversity in Bass Strait being
comparable or higher than that measured in the deep sea, based on a unit area and per
number of individuals basis (Table 7).
Why should the East Gippsland area have high diversity? In a recent review Levin et al.
(2001) outline a range of factors that may contribute to high benthic species diversity, but we
will focus on two factors they did not consider; in particular, the contribution of historicalevolutionary factors and of temporal variation to the origin and maintenance of high species
diversity in Bass Strait.
Levin et al. (2001) specifically excluded discussion of the role of historic factors leading to
higher speciation in particular areas, as they were primarily concerned with “ecological
structuring agents that function on a generational rather than evolutionary time scales.” But
ecological and evolutionary factors that contribute to species diversity cannot be separated,
and contemporary patterns in species diversity may originate in part from the unique history
and biogeography of each region (Rickleffs and Schluter 1997). We support the view of Levin
et al. (2001) that depth gradients in diversity, such as those between Georges Bank and
ACSAR (Table 7), are more likely to be caused by contemporary ecological forces than by
evolutionary-historical processes, due to the relatively small spatial scales involved (Rex et
al. 2005). But, in contrast, the higher diversity apparent in Bass Strait compared to the
Atlantic may reflect an important role for evolutionary-historical differences between these
widely-separated geographic areas. A partial test of the importance of evolutionary history of
an area would be an analysis of species richness off the continental slope near Bass Strait.
17
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
This area may support even greater species richness than Bass Strait or the north Atlantic,
but such data are not available.
Table 7. Comparison of species diversity of benthic infaunal communities found in different
geographic areas in coastal and deep sea regions.
Region
Depth
No of Total area Total no. Total no.
range (m) species sampled
of
of
2
2
species individuals
/m
(m )
Reference
11–51
>400
10.2
803
60,258
Coleman et al. 1997,
Gray et al. 1997
VCBS Phase 1
study, Victorian
coast (10m depth)
10
96
2.8
160
4822
Coleman et al. 2007
VCBS Phase 1
study, Victorian
coast (40 m depth)
40
285
2.4
454
4458
Coleman et al. 2007
21
798
90,677
Grassle & Maciolek
(1992)
Orbost,
Bass Strait
Delaware,
North Atlantic
Georges Bank,
North Atlantic
†
ACSAR North,
North Atlantic
†
1500–2100 220-300
38–167
165
46
~650
550,000
Levin et al. 2001
1220–1350
319
5.7
~600
27,906
Levin et al. 2001
ACSAR, Atlantic Continental Slope and Rise
Rickleffs and Schluter (1997) suggest that “particular geographical configurations of islands,
or of ecological barriers to dispersal, might result in different rates of species production and
different levels of regional and local diversity.” The unusual geography and geological history
of Bass Strait has at least the potential to create periodic geographic isolation that can
generate allopatric speciation and contribute to a high regional diversity. The geographic
area that currently forms Bass Strait extends in an east–west direction, where, depending on
the prevailing sea level, it creates two geographically well-separated biotas or joins two
biotas at the same latitude. Many authors (O’Hara and Poore 2000 and references therein)
have speculated that this may contribute to high rates of speciation in the Bass Strait region.
On a broader scale the climate across southern Australia over the past 40 million years has
remained relatively stable, as global cooling during this period was largely compensated by
the drift of the Australian continent northwards (Flannery 1994, p76). At a minimum this
prevented large-scale glaciation and the likelihood of mass extinctions. O’Hara and Poore
(2001) note that there is no clear trend in species diversity of echinoderms or decapods
across southern Australia, suggesting that diversity in Bass Strait may be no higher than
occurs across all of southern Australia. Coleman et al. (1997) noted the very high diversity of
phoxocephalid amphipods in southern Australia first recognised by Barnard and Drummond
(1978), and the globally high diversity and the high levels of endemism of macroalgae,
especially Rhodophyta (Phillips 2001), and Phaeophyta (Bolton 1994, 1996) in southern
Australia. The high diversity of these taxonomic groups suggests evolutionary conditions
have at least been suitable for atypical radiation of these groups in southern Australia.
Similarly, the diversity of benthos elsewhere in Victoria, especially Port Phillip Bay (713
species in 43 m2 of sediment sampled, Poore et al. 1975) and Western Port (572 species in
12.3 m2, Coleman et al. 1978) is also high, although not as high as Bass Strait, further
suggesting that regional historical-evolutionary factors may be of importance.
18
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Studies of benthic species diversity recognise that spatial differences in habitats, including
differences in grain size, contribute to coexistence of species (e.g. Levin et al. 2001), but
there are far fewer discussions of the contribution of temporal environmental variation to the
coexistence of benthic species. While the role of intermediate levels of disturbance in
maintaining species diversity is widely recognised (Connell 1978), temporal differences in
benthic species diversity have not been widely reported. Grassle and Maciolek (1992) found
only small temporal differences in species diversity in the deep North Atlantic. Their study
monitored species richness at 9 stations at 2100 m depth every three months for two years,
and they found a maximum of 20–30% variation in species diversity (per 500 individuals)
over this period. In contrast, at depths >25 m, differences in Bass Strait species diversity
varied by 100% over a 9 month period (Figure 6). There were approximately twice as many
species collected at the same sites off Orbost during February 1991 as were collected there
during September 1990 (Figure 6). Poore and Rainer (1979) also showed that species
richness at three sites in Port Phillip Bay varied by a factor of 100% over a three year period,
and that interannual differences in diversity were greater than any seasonal differences.
Similarly, Stephenson et al. (1974) found that annual changes in species composition in
Moreton Bay, Queensland, were greater than seasonal changes, and suggested that floods
and droughts may have been important influencing factors. In contrast, in the north Atlantic
differences in species diversity have been found to be small between years (Lie and Evans
1973, Levings 1975) or strongly seasonal (Watling 1975). The irregular fluctuations in
species composition and diversity in coastal Australian benthos may result from large-scale
influences on the Australian climate. Australia is the only continent where the overwhelming
influence is a non-annual climatic change (Flannery 1994, p81). The El Nino Southern
Oscillation drives these irregular changes that affect both the terrestrial and marine ecology
of the Australian continent.
A factor likely to contribute to high species diversity in Bass Strait is “resource partitioning”
that may occur on a temporal basis, with particular species favoured in some years and
others favoured by different conditions (temperature, insolation and productivity, etc) in other
years. The unpredictably changeable conditions between years may cause changes to the
species composition of communities over time, and are also likely to lead to higher diversity
at any point in time, as at any time the community will consist of a mixture of species whose
populations are in decline while others are increasing as conditions become more favourable
for them. This effect will be reduced where conditions are less variable between years, where
conditions are repeated more regularly (e.g. seasonally), and possibly when conditions
become extremely harsh regularly (e.g. seasonally low temperatures and low productivity).
There is also a pertinent corollary to this argument: where there is greater temporal variation
in species diversity, global comparisons should be based on the number of species found at
a site over a standardised time period of at least a few years. Otherwise the contribution of
irregular, but benign, temporal variation in environmental conditions on species diversity may
be underestimated.
The species richness found in the Orbost region during 1990/91 was markedly (typically
100%) higher than found at any site in the VCBS during 1998. The reason that diversity
should be so much higher in this study is unclear, but there is significant temporal variation in
the species richness near Orbost. As the Orbost region was sampled for less than one year
the contribution of seasonality to temporal differences in species diversity is uncertain, but as
the VCBS sampling occurred during May, close to June when the lowest species richness
was recorded in the Orbost study, the time of sampling may be the reason species diversity
was lower during 1998.
We agree with Rex et al (2005) that marine invertebrate communities offer tremendous
potential to determine the relative importance of history and ecological opportunity in shaping
large-scale patterns in species diversity. But, many more data sets are required to determine
the patterns of species diversity with depth and with latitude to realise this potential (Gray et
al. 1997, Rex et al. 2005). The current study also suggests that these additional data sets
19
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
should also be collected over several years so that the contribution of temporal
environmental changes to species diversity can be assessed more adequately.
4.3 N.Z. SCREW SHELL
The New Zealand screw shell, Maoricolpus roseus, is a large (up to 90 mm long and 25 mm
wide) filter-feeding gastropod that was unintentionally introduced to south-eastern Tasmania
in the 1920s and has now become established in vast beds in northern Bass Strait and off
the coasts of eastern Tasmania, Victoria and New South Wales. It is found from the intertidal
to 150 m deep, can withstand low salinities, and has colonised more habitat than any other
high-impact benthic marine pest in Australia. Its wide temperature and depth tolerance
makes further spread likely (Gunasekera et al., 2005; NIMPIS, 2002).
There are few known predators of the N.Z. screw shell in Australia and most predation
seems to occur on small juveniles (NIMPIS, 2002). It is highly competitive with other species,
and builds substantial beds to the detriment of other animals on the sea floor (CSIRO, 2000).
It may lead to a reduction in numbers of native screwshells and scallops through direct
competition for food and space as they are all filter feeding species with overlapping habitat
requirements (NIMPIS, 2002). In Tasmania, native screwshells (primarily Gazameda gunnii)
and commercial scallop species have declined in abundance since the appearance of M.
roseus (Allmon et al 1994, Caton and McLoughlin 2000 both cited in NIMPIS, 2002).
This study has identified very high densities of the invasive New Zealand screw shell, within
the Point Hicks MNP. This species was only found at a depth of 40 m, where it was abundant
in all three replicates. Densities recorded in this study (680–1930 m–2, Table 6) are similar to
very high densities recorded in Otago Harbour (2240 m–2, Rainer 1981). Densities were
similar, but the mean size and biomass of this invasive mollusc varied between replicates.
While infaunal diversity at the invaded site (40 m transect 46, Figure 4) was not significantly
lower than that in adjacent (uninvaded) sites, it is of concern that species diversity was
clearly lower in the replicate sample with the highest biomass of NZ screw shell. This
suggests that this abundant invasive species may pose a significant threat to the biodiversity
of the Pt Hicks Marine National Park, as well as much of eastern Bass Strait, including other
Marine National Parks.
5 MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS
Large differences noted in species diversity measured during the Orbost study in 1990/01
and the coastal benthos study in 1998 indicate that there is much we still do not understand
about the processes that maintain this high diversity. The role of temporal (both seasonal
and interannual) environmental changes in maintaining this diversity needs further
investigation. That there appear to be large natural temporal variations in species diversity
suggests that long times series of infaunal data will be required to detect the effects of any
human influences on diversity. That high densities of exotic species such as NZ screw shells
can establish even in remote areas means that targeted monitoring, with possible active
management of MNPs, is likely to be required to understand their long-term impact on the
conservation of biodiversity in MNPs.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This study was funded by Parks Victoria. Thanks to Dr Anthony Boxshall, Parks Victoria for
his support, and to Ms Julia Koburg who assisted with the sorting and identification of the
samples during Phase 2 study of the VCBS.
20
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
REFERENCES
Allmon, W.D., Jones, D., Aiello, R.L., Gowlett-Holmes, K., and Probert, P.K. (1994)
Observations on the biology of Maoricolpus roseus (Quoy and Gaimard) (Prosobranchia:
Turritellidae) from New Zealand and Tasmania. Veliger 37: 267-279.
Barnard J.L. and Drummond M.L. (1978) Gammaridean Amphipoda of Australia. Part III, the
Phoxocephalidae. Smithonian Contributions to Zoology No. 245. Smithsonian Institution
Press, Washington, DC.
Bird E.C.F. (1993) The Coast of Victoria. Melbourne University Press.
Bolton J. (1994) Global seaweed diversity: patterns and anomalies. Botanica Marina 37:
241–245.
Bolton J. (1996). Patterns of species diversity and endemism in comparable temperate
brown algal floras. Hydrobiologica 326/327: 173–178.
Caton, A., and McLoughlin, K. (2000). Fishery Status Reports 1999. Bureau of Rural
Sciences, Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry – Australia. Canberra
Coleman N., Cuff W., Drummond M., and Kudenov J.D. (1978) A quantitative survey of the
macrobenthos of Western Port, Victoria. Australian Journal of Marine and freshwater
Research 29: 445–466.
Coleman N., Gason A., Moverley J. & Heislers S. (2000) Depth, sediment type and the
distribution of ingfauna along the coast of Victoria. Final report to Parks, Flora and Fauna
Division of the Department of Natural Resources and Environment.
Coleman N., Gason A. S. H. and Poore G. C. B. (1997) High species richness in the shallow
marine waters of south-east Australia Marine Ecology Progress Series 154: 17–26.
Coleman N., Cuff W., Moverley J., Gason A. S. H. & Heislers S. (2007) Depth, sediment
type, biogeography and high species richness in shallow-water benthos. Marine and
Freshwater Research. 58: 293-305.
Connell J.H. (1978) Diversity in troprical rain forests and coral reefs. Science 199:1302–
1310.
Connell J.H. and Orias E. (1964) The ecological regulation of species diversity. American
Naturalist 98:399–414.
CSIRO (2000) Media Release- Screw shell's marine marathon. Ref 2000/287 - Nov 01, 2000.
Etter R.J. and Grassle J.F. (1992) Patterns of species diversity in the deep sea as a function
of sediment particle size diversity. Nature 360: 576–578.
Flannery T.F. (1994) The future eaters. Reed Books, Chatswood, NSW.
Gray J.S., Poore G.C.B., Ugland K.I., Wilson R.S., Olsgard F., & Johannessen O. (1997)
Coastal and deep-sea benthic diversities compared. Marine Ecology Progress Series 159:
97–103.
Gunasekera R. M., Patil J. G., McEnnulty F. R. and Bax N. J. (2005) Specific amplification of
mt-COI gene of the invasive gastropod Maoriculpus roseus in planktonic samples reveals a
free-living larval life-history stage. Marine and Freshwater Research 56: 901–912.
Holmes, K.W., Radford, B., Van Niel, K.P., Kendrick, G.A. and Grove, S.L. (2007) Mapping
the Benthos in Victoria’s Marine National Parks, Volume 2: Point Hicks. Parks Victoria
Technical Series No. 41. Parks Victoria, Melbourne.
21
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
IMCRA (Interim Marine and Coastal Regionalisation for Australia Technical Group) (1998)
Interim Marine and Coastal Regionalisation for Australia: an Ecosystem-Based Classification
for Marine and Coastal Environments.’Version 3.3. (Environment Australia: Canberra.).
Levings C.D. (1975) Analyses of temporal variation in the structure of a shallow water
benthic community in Novia Scotia. Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie 60:
449–493.
Lie U. and Evans R.A. (1973) Long term variability in the structure of subtidal benthic
communities in Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Marine Biology 21:122–126.
NIMPIS (2002) Maoricolpus roseus general notes. National Introduced Marine Pest
Information System (Eds: Hewitt C.L., Martin R.B., Sliwa C., McEnnulty, F.R., Murphy, N.E.,
Jones T. & Cooper, S.). Web publication <http://crimp.marine.csiro.au/nimpis>, Date of
access: 10/5/2007
O’Hara T. D. (2001) Consistency of faunal and floral assemblages within temperate subtidal
rocky reef habitats. Marine and Freshwater Research 52: 853–863.
O’Hara T.D. and Poore G.C.F. (2000) Patterns of distribution for southern Australian marine
echinoderms and decpods. Journal of Biogeography 27: 1321–1335.
Parry G. D., Campbell, S.J. and Hobday, D.K. (1989) Marine resources off East Gippsland,
southeastern Australia. Marine Science Laboratories, Queenscliff. Technical Report No. 72,
166 pp.
Phillips J.A. (2001) Marine macroalgal biodiversity hotspots: why is there high species
richness and endemism in southern Australian marine benthic flora? Biodiversity and
Conservation 10: 1555–1577.
Poore G.C.B. and O’Hara T.J. (2007) Marine biogeography and biodiversity of Australia. In:
Marine Ecology (Eds, S.D. Connell and B.M. Gillanders), pp.175–198 Oxford University
Press, South Melbourne, Victoria.
Poore G.C.F., Rainer, S.F., Spies, R.B. and Ward E. (1975) The zoobenthis program in Port
Phillip Bay, 1969-73. Fisheries and Wildlife Paper, Victoria 7:1–78.
Poore, G. C. B. and Rainer, S. F. (1979) A three-year study of benthos of muddy
environments in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 9:
477–497.
Rainer S.F. (1981) Soft-bottom benthic communitiesin Otago Harbour and Blueskin Bay,
New Zealand. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 80: 1–18.
Rex M.A., Crame J.A., Stuart C.T., Clarke A. (2005) Large-scale biogeographic patterns in
marine molluscs: A confluence of history and productivity. Ecology 86: 2288–2297.
Rickleffs R.E. and Schluter D. (1997) Species diversity: regional and historical influences. In:
Species diversity in ecological communities: Historical and Geographical Perspectives (Eds.
R.E. Rickleffs and D. Schluter, pp. 350–363 University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Roob R., Gunthorpe L. and Turnbull J. (1999) Collection and physical classification of
sediments. In: Environmental Inventory of Victoria’s Marine Ecosystems Stage 4 (Part 1)
(Ed. L.W. Ferns) pp. 2.1–2.13, maps 2.1a–2.3c. Department of Natural Resources and
Environment: East Melbourne.
Stephenson W., Williams W.T. and Cook S.D. (1974) The benthic fauna of soft bottoms,
southern Moreton Bay. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 17: 73–123.
Wass, R. E., Conolly, J. R. and MacIntyre, R. J. (1970) Bryozoan carbonate sand continuous
along southern Australia. Marine Geology 9: 63–73.
22
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Watling L. (1975) Analysis of structural variations in a shallow estuarine deposit-feeding
community. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 19:275–313.
Wilson, R. S., Heislers, S. and Poore, G. C. B. (1998) Changes in benthic communities of
Port Phillip Bay, Australia, between 1969 and 1995. Marine and Freshwater Research 49:
847–861.
23
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
APPENDIX 1
Victorian Coastal Benthic Survey site/sample locations and sediment characteristics.
Adapted from Table 2.1 of Roob et. al. (1999). Latitude and Longitude coordinates are in AGD 66 datum.
Sample
Depth
Transect
Code
(m)
Latitute
Median
Median
Comments – Grain Size
%
Grain Size Grain Size
Testing
Gravel
†
Class
(mm)
Comments – Field
Longitude
0A
0
10
38°03'31" 141°02'10" Sand
0B
0
20
%
Sand
%
Silt
%
%
Clay Carbonate
0.23 0.00
0.16
fine
0.00
99.77
38°04'08" 141°01'50" Reef,craypots everywhere
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Clean fine sand
0.21
fine
0.00
99.86
0.14 0.00
N/A
Clean fine sand
0.19
fine
0.09
99.91
0.00 0.00
N/A
0.52
coarse
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
91.38
Clean fine sand
0C
0
40
Reef, scraping taken for carbonate
38°07'12" 140°35'59" analysis
1A
1
10
38°07'19" 141°09'16" Sand
1B
1
20
38°07'21" 141°09'04" Sand
1C
1
40
Reef,
scrapings
38°08'13" 141°08'13" carbonate analysis
2A
2
10
38°12'24" 141°14'04" Sand
Clean fine sand
0.19
fine
0.12
99.72
0.16 0.00
76.44
2B
2
20
38°12'29" 141°13'23" Sand
Clean fine sand
0.18
fine
0.64
99.33
0.03 0.00
75.49
2C
2
40
38°12'34" 141°12'49" Reef, no sample
N/A
N/A
N/A
3A
3
10
38°13'34" 141°16'22"
Clean fine sand
0.18
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
94.35
3B
3
20
38°14'07" 141°16'16"
Clean fine sand
0.17
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
87.71
3C
3
40
38°15'00" 141°16'04"
Clean fine sand
0.19
fine
9.79
90.21
0.00 0.00
66.62
4A
4
10
38°14'24" 141°21'05"
Clean fine sand
0.17
fine
0.07
99.93
0.00 0.00
92.83
4B
4
20
38°14'49" 141°21'21"
Clean fine sand
0.16
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
87.33
4C
4
40
38°15'35" 141°22'08"
Clean fine sand
0.16
fine
0.00
99.90
82.03
N/A
7A
7
taken
for Coarse sand, broken shell.
Removed larger pieces.
99.77
Reef – no samples
10
7B
7
20
Limited sample, sand taken for
Coarse sand or shell
38°11'02" 141°34'26" carbonate and grain size
7C
7
40
38°15'40" 141°34'53" Reef, no sample taken
8A
8
10
38°13'33" 142°09'08"
Fine sand & broken shell
A1.1
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.77
coarse
0.00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.17
fine
0.00
99.80
N/A
N/A
0.10 0.00
N/A
N/A
100.00 0.00 0.00
N/A
N/A
0.20 0.00
N/A
N/A
92.96
N/A
90.23
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Sample
Depth
Transect
Code
(m)
8B
8
Latitute
Longitude
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Comments – Field
Median
Median
%
Comments – Grain Size
Grain Size Grain Size
Gravel
Testing
†
(mm)
Class
%
Sand
%
Silt
%
%
Clay Carbonate
20
38°13'55" 142°09'36"
Fine sand & broken shell
0.16
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
90.33
Coarse sand & shell
95.68
8C
8
40
38°14'36" 142°10'11" Reef – patchy with sand
0.48
medium
0.00
99.74
9A
9
10
38°15'56" 142°18'12" Reef
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
9B
9
20
38°15'56" 142°18'12" Reef
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.62
coarse
0.00
0.26 0.00
9C
9
40
Unable to get grab sample but
38°15'56" 142°18'12" some sediment taken for whirl Coarse shell & coral
packs. Seems to be patchy reef.
10A
10
10
38°19'00" 142°25'13" Reef no sample taken
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
10B
10
20
38°19'07" 142°25'39" Reef no sample taken
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
10C
10
40
38°20'09" 142°25'11" Reef no sample taken
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
11A
11
10
38°22'19" 142°32'38" Reef no sample taken
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
fine
0.23
99.65
0.12 0.00
82.78
11B
11
20
38°22'24" 142°32'36" Reef no sample taken
11C
11
40
38°23'25" 142°32'31" Reef no sample taken
12A
12
10
38°24'18" 143°03'57" Fine sand
Clean fine sand
0.21
100.00 0.00 0.00
88.47
12B
12
20
38°24'27" 143°03'38" Fine sand
Clean fine sand
0.16
fine
0.11
99.63
0.26 0.00
86.42
12C
12
40
38°24'39" 143°03'07" Sand
Clean medium sand
0.33
medium
0.18
99.82
0.00 0.00
68.39
14A
14
10
38°27'19" 143°12'33"
Clean fine sand
0.19
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
78.00
14B
14
20
38°27'40" 143°12'28"
Clean fine sand
0.16
fine
0.10
99.90
0.00 0.00
70.85
0.20
fine
0.08
99.80
0.12 0.00
44.73
14C
14
40
38°28'17" 143°12'26"
Fine sand, shell pieces.
Removed larger pieces.
15A
15
10
38°30'58" 143°19'40"
Clean fine sand
0.19
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
72.56
15B
15
20
38°31'05" 143°19'38"
Coarse sand & shell
0.42
medium
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
81.04
15C
15
40
38°31'41" 143°19'45"
Coarse sand & shell
0.54
coarse
0.12
99.88
0.00 0.00
17.90
16A
16
10
38°26'37" 143°24'47" Fine sand
Fine sand
0.15
fine
0.00
99.38
0.62 0.00
66.59
16B
16
20
38°27'10" 143°25'02" Fine sand
Fine sand
0.19
fine
0.00
99.92
0.08 0.00
68.52
16C
16
40
38°28'07" 143°25'36" Fine sand
Fine to medium sand
0.28
medium
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
18.70
Fine sand
17A
17
10
38°23'00" 143°32'53" Fine sand
0.16
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
71.45
17B
17
20
38°23'09" 143°32'25"
Fine sand
0.18
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
73.36
17C
17
40
38°23'34" 143°32'50" Fine sand and shell
Fine sand & broken shell
0.15
fine
0.00
98.94
78.01
A1.2
1.06 0.00
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Sample
Depth
Transect
Code
(m)
18A
18
Latitute
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Comments – Field
Longitude
Median
Median
%
Comments – Grain Size
Grain Size Grain Size
Gravel
Testing
†
(mm)
Class
10
38°17'04" 144°02'12"
Clean fine sand
0.15
Clean fine sand
fine
0.00
%
Sand
%
Silt
%
%
Clay Carbonate
99.29
0.71 0.00
75.07
18B
18
20
38°17'20" 144°02'24" Shell grit - in depression ?
0.14
fine
0.09
96.97
2.94 0.00
72.71
18C
18
40
38°30'12" 144°15'02"
Coral, broken shell & sand
0.68
coarse
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
88.22
19A
19
10
38°13'59" 144°09'29"
Clean fine sand
0.15
fine
0.10
99.28
0.62 0.00
74.04
19B
19
20
38°14'08" 144°09'43"
Clean fine sand
0.14
fine
0.30
99.37
0.33 0.00
91.13
0.37
medium
0.38
98.90
0.72 0.00
89.50
19C
19
40
38°14'39" 144°10'18" Much cobble - some sediment
Some silt, fine sand, coral,
broken
shell.
Removed
larger pieces.
20A
20
10
38°10'39" 144°14'45"
Clean fine sand
0.14
fine
0.00
99.81
0.19 0.00
53.23
20B
20
20
38°11'03" 144°14'55"
Clean, very fine sand. Small
amount plant matter, worm
tube.
0.14
fine
0.00
99.85
0.15 0.00
41.04
20C
20
40
38°12'06" 144°15'25"
Clean medium sand
0.28
medium
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
99.38
21A
21
10
38°12'21" 144°25'24"
Samples taken at 12 m
Clean fine sand, some
broken shell
0.18
fine
0.00
99.91
0.09 0.00
68.21
21B
21
20
38°12'35" 144°25'07"
Clean fine sand
0.19
fine
0.08
99.92
0.00 0.00
53.04
21C
21
40
38°13'29" 144°24'16"
Clean fine sand
0.17
fine
0.00
99.92
0.08 0.00
62.47
Clean fine sand, some fine
shell grit.
0.16
fine
0.00
99.97
0.03 0.00
51.65
22A
22
10
38°16'03" 144°30'21" Fine sand
22B
22
20
38°16'03" 144°30'05" Reef
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
22C
22
40
38°16'49" 144°29'21" Reef
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
23A
23
10
Reef
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
23B
23
20
38°17'51" 144°34'31" Reef
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
23C
23
40
38°19'11" 144°34'37" taken Coarse shell grit & stones.
0.73
coarse
1.47
98.53
24B
24
20
38°18'49" 145°05'26" Reef
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.14
fine
0.07
98.53
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
24C
24
25
25
40
Reef and sand - small sample
38°19'30" 145°05'20" Fine sand and silt
Sediment, fine sand, worm
tubes, vegetation.
No transect exists – due to
discontinuity in numbering system
A1.3
0.00 0.00
N/A
N/A
1.40 0.00
N/A
N/A
83.45
N/A
50.11
N/A
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Sample
Depth
Transect
Code
(m)
Latitute
Longitude
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Comments – Field
Median
Median
%
Comments – Grain Size
Grain Size Grain Size
Gravel
Testing
†
(mm)
Class
No samples taken due to ocean
conditions – breaking waves.
26A
26
10
26B
26
20
38°19'01" 145°11'11" one at 15 m
26C
26
40
38°19'41" 145°10'48" Fine sand
26Ci
26
40
%
Sand
%
Silt
%
%
Clay Carbonate
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Coarse sand & shell
0.33
medium
0.00
99.86
0.14 0.00
36.74
Clean fine sand
0.16
fine
0.09
99.79
0.12 0.00
7.34
38°19'41" 145°10'47" location to 26C but samples very taken immediately after 26C.
0.97
coarse
0.18
99.82
0.00 0.00
N/A
Coarse shell & sand.
0.61
coarse
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
93.56
100.00 0.00 0.00
39.82
Reef at 20 m, A and B taken as
Very coarse sand – close in
Coarse shell & sand, sample
N/A
different.
27C
27
40
38°23'55" 145°18'26"
28A
28
10
38°28'33" 145°31'10" Fine sand
Clean fine sand
0.19
fine
0.00
28B
28
20
38°28'14" 145°31'51" Rock, additional sample taken
Clean fine sand
N/A
N/A
N/A
28C
28
40
38°28'37" 145°29'25" Fine sand
Clean fine sand & some
broken shell
0.23
fine
29A
29
10
38°29'25" 146°02'17" Fine sand
Fine sand, shell, calcium.
0.16
N/A
N/A
N/A
47.30
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
30.60
fine
0.00
99.66
0.34 0.00
41.40
0.52
coarse
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
23.18
29B
29
20
38°30'39" 146°02'26" Coarse sand
Fine sand, coarse sand,
shell & pebbles. Removed
large shell & pebbles.
29C
29
40
38°35'22" 146°02'21" Fine sand
Fine sand, broken shell
0.16
fine
0.08
99.86
0.06 0.00
57.87
30A
30
10
38°35'31" 146°09'13"
Clean fine sand
0.15
fine
0.05
99.95
0.00 0.00
48.91
30B
30
20
38°35'36" 146°08'48"
Clean fine sand
0.17
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
53.30
30C
30
40
38°35'32" 146°07'31"
Clean fine sand
0.18
fine
0.00
99.91
0.09 0.00
59.92
31A
31
10
39°02'30" 146°11'53"
Clean fine sand
0.15
fine
0.05
99.83
0.12 0.00
60.54
31B
31
20
39°02'30" 146°11'36"
Clean fine sand
0.15
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
51.99
31C
31
40
39°02'31" 146°10'28"
Fine sand & broken shell
0.24
fine
0.10
99.69
0.21 0.00
34.04
32A
32
10
39°02'30" 146°15'33"
Clean fine white sand
0.22
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
1.61
0.48
medium
0.00
99.76
0.24 0.00
2.88
32B
32
20
39°02'35" 146°15'42"
Half coarse and half fine
sand - mixed together for
test
32C
32
40
39°02'59" 146°16'30"
Sediment, fine sand, mica
0.13
fine
0.00
87.19 12.81 0.00
57.09
33A
33
10
38°33'55" 146°17'02" Fine sand
Silt & fine sand, 1 allionasa.
0.16
fine
0.20
99.64
0.16 0.00
12.64
33B
33
20
38°34'18" 146°19'01" Fine sand
Silt & fine sand, mica
0.14
fine
0.10
99.10
0.80 0.00
28.63
33C
33
40
38°34'54" 146°22'58" Fine sand and silt
Silt & fine sand, broken shell
0.16
fine
0.00
97.11
2.89 0.00
58.65
A1.4
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Sample
Depth
Transect
Code
(m)
Latitute
Longitude
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Comments – Field
Median
Median
%
Comments – Grain Size
Grain Size Grain Size
Gravel
Testing
†
(mm)
Class
34A
34
10
38°27'50 146°24'51"
Clean medium sand
0.24
fine
0.00
%
Sand
%
Silt
%
%
Clay Carbonate
100.00 0.00 0.00
3.83
34B
34
20
38°28'46" 146°25'25"
Clean medium sand
0.24
fine
0.00
99.79
0.21 0.00
5.29
34Bi
34
20
38°28'46" 146°25'28"
Clean medium sand
0.23
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
N/A
34C
34
40
38°32'25" 146°29'41"
Clean coarse sand & shell
0.49
medium
0.00
99.84
0.16 0.00
69.96
35A
35
10
38°24'00" 146°31'54"
Clean fine sand
0.25
fine
0.00
99.93
0.07 0.00
11.67
0.39
medium
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
63.24
35B
35
20
38°25'15" 146°33'03"
Clean coarse sand & broken
shell
35C
35
40
38°29'12" 147°00'14"
Coarse sand & broken shell
0.53
coarse
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
71.49
36A
36
10
38°18'44" 147°01'16"
Silt & fine sand. Dated
8/5/98.
0.17
fine
0.05
99.93
0.02 0.00
13.68
36Ai
36
10
38°18'46" 147°01'16"
Silt & fine sand
0.16
fine
0.00
99.77
0.23 0.00
N/A
0.28
medium
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
19.31
36B
36
20
38°19'32" 147°03'38"
Clean medium sand. Dated
8/5/98.
36Bi
36
20
38°19'32" 147°03'38"
Coarse sand & shell
0.25
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
N/A
36Bii
36
20
38°19'35" 147°03'40"
Clean coarse sand
0.32
medium
0.13
99.85
0.02 0.00
N/A
0.27
medium
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
N/A
36Biii
36
20
38°19'35" 147°03'41"
Coarse sand & shell, worm
tube, veg matter. Dated
10/5/98.
36C
36
40
38°22'05" 147°07'33"
Medium-coarse sand, some
shell grit.
0.24
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
20.54
37A
37
10
38°12'26" 147°08'49"
Clean fine sand
0.16
fine
0.04
99.82
0.14 0.00
13.06
37B
37
20
38°13'30" 147°01'55"
Clean medium sand
0.20
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
10.70
37C
37
40
38°18'04" 147°15'28"
Coarse sand & broken shell
0.37
medium
0.13
99.87
0.00 0.00
23.83
38A
38
10
38°07'45" 147°14'46"
Coarse sand & shell
0.29
medium
0.05
99.95
0.00 0.00
30.11
38B
38
20
38°09'03" 147°16'52" Rubble
Very coarse sand & shell.
Removed larger rocks &
shell.
0.74
coarse
0.05
99.95
0.00 0.00
32.4
38C
38
40
38°11'13" 147°19'43"
Some sediment,
sand & shell
0.25
fine
0.05
99.80
0.15 0.00
43.21
39A
39
10
38°02'03" 147°22'27"
Clean fine sand
0.21
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
16.24
38°02'32" 147°23'14"
Very coarse sand & shell.
Removed large shell & rock.
0.74
coarse
0.03
99.97
17.93
39B
39
20
A1.5
coarse
0.00 0.00
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Sample
Depth
Transect
Code
(m)
Latitute
Longitude
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Comments – Field
Median
Median
%
Comments – Grain Size
Grain Size Grain Size
Gravel
Testing
†
(mm)
Class
%
Sand
%
Silt
%
%
Clay Carbonate
39C
39
40
38°04'36" 147°25'18"
Silt & fine sand
0.16
fine
0.00
99.33
0.67 0.00
50.73
40A
40
10
37°33'51" 147°30'09"
Clean medium sand
0.32
medium
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
5.56
0.36
medium
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
7.54
40B
40
20
37°34'29" 147°30'07"
Coarse sand & shell, larger
pieces of shell.
40C
40
40
37°35'25" 147°31'53"
Silty fine sand
0.15
fine
0.00
97.50
2.50 0.00
59.48
41A
41
10
37°31'16" 148°02'49"
Fine sand
0.18
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
10.24
0.73
coarse
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
8.84
41B
41
20
37°31'47" 148°03'09"
Coarse sand & shell.
Removed large shells.
41C
41
40
37°32'55" 148°03'42"
Coarse sand & shell.
Removed large shell &
stones.
0.85
coarse
0.38
99.62
0.00 0.00
6.74
42A
42
10
37°29'16" 148°11'20"
Clean medium sand
0.30
medium
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
3.02
42B
42
20
37°29'34" 148°11'22"
Clean coarse sand
0.52
coarse
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
3.70
0.69
coarse
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
13.68
42C
42
40
37°30'44" 148°11'24"
Coarse sand & shell, silt,
coral. Removed large shell
& stones.
43A
43
10
37°29'02" 148°24'15"
Coarse sand. Sample dated
8/5/98.
0.49
medium
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
2.31
43Ai
43
10
37°29'02" 148°24'15"
Medium sand. Sample dated
10/598.
0.30
medium
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
N/A
43C
43
40
37°30'06" 148°24'02"
Sand & shell
0.34
medium
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
18.60
0.51
coarse
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
5.38
44A
44
10
37°28'32" 148°31'04"
Clean medium sand & some
shell.
44B
44
20
37°28'45" 148°31'12"
Coarse sand & shell, stones
&
large
shell
pieces,
removed some.
0.96
coarse
0.59
99.41
0.00 0.00
8.38
44C
44
40
37°30'03" 148°31'16"
Coarse sand & broken shell.
0.49
medium
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
21.40
45A
45
10
37°28'18" 149°02'34"
Clean medium sand
0.45
medium
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
9.07
45B
45
20
37°28'36" 149°02'36"
Clean coarse sand, shell.
Removed large shells.
0.70
coarse
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
6.38
45C
45
40
37°29'24" 149°02'45"
Very coarse sand & shell.
0.89
coarse
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
10.33
46A
46
10
37°28'17" 149°08'36"
Clean fine sand
0.22
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
8.31
46B
46
20
37°28'36" 149°08'42"
Clean medium sand
0.47
medium
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
12.57
A1.6
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Sample
Depth
Transect
Code
(m)
Latitute
Longitude
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Comments – Field
Median
Median
%
Comments – Grain Size
Grain Size Grain Size
Gravel
Testing
†
(mm)
Class
%
Sand
%
Silt
%
%
Clay Carbonate
46C
46
40
37°29'17" 149°08'52"
Very coarse sand & shell.
Removed pebbles.
0.97
coarse
2.66
97.34
0.00 0.00
N/A
47A
47
10
37°27'56" 149°16'50"
Clean fine sand
0.23
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
5.18
47B
47
20
37°28'04" 149°16'50"
Clean fine sand
0.24
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
6.40
47C
47
40
37°28'11" 149°16'48"
Sand & broken shell
0.30
medium
0.00
99.93
0.07 0.00
6.68
48A
48
10
37°19'54" 149°29'00"
Clean fine sand
0.20
fine
0.00
99.92
0.08 0.00
13.21
48B
48
20
37°20'06" 149°29'02"
Clean fine sand
0.21
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
9.04
48C
48
40
37°21'26" 149°29'34"
Clean coarse sand
0.68
coarse
0.84
99.16
0.00 0.00
7.67
49A
49
10
37°19'11" 149°33'26"
Clean fine sand & shell
0.22
fine
0.00
99.86
0.14 0.00
N/A
49B
49
20
37°19'24 149°33'28"
Clean fine sand & shell
0.22
fine
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
9.47
37°20'18" 149°33'55"
Clean
medium
sand.
Removed worm tubes.
0.48
medium
0.00
100.00 0.00 0.00
5.86
49C
49
40
† Grain size classes: fine= 0.125-0.25mm; medium= 0.25-0.5; coarse= 0.5-1mm
A1.7
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
APPENDIX 2
Faunal characteristics of Victorian coastal benthic samples
Numbers of families, species and individuals for benthic infaunal samples analysed as part of the
Victorian Coastal Benthic Survey. Diversity and Evenness values are as calculated by Coleman et al.
(2007). Sediment (sand) grain size classes are as defined by Roob et al (1999). Samples taken from
within MNPs are shaded. Table adapted from Table 3 of Coleman et al. (2007).
Sample
code
Transect
Depth
(m)
Replicate
no.
Year Sediment
Families
sorted
class
S02A2
S02A3
S02B1
S02B2
S03C1
S04C3
S08A1
S08A3
S08C1
02
02
02
02
03
04
08
08
08
10
10
20
20
40
40
10
10
40
2
3
1
2
1
3
1
3
1
2000
2000
2007
2007
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
Fine sand
S12A1
S12A2
S12B1
S12B3
S12C1
S12C2
S14C1
S15A2
S15A3
S15C3
S17C1
S18A1
S18A2
S18A3
S18B1
S18B2
S18B3
S18C1
S18C2
S18C3
S19A1
S19A2
S19A3
S19B1
S19B2
S19B3
S20A1
S20A2
S20A3
S20B1
S20B2
S20B3
S21C1
S22A1
S22A3
S23C1
S26C1
S27C1
12
12
12
12
12
12
14
15
15
15
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
22
22
23
26
27
10
10
20
20
40
40
40
10
10
40
40
10
10
10
20
20
20
40
40
40
10
10
10
20
20
20
10
10
10
20
20
20
40
10
10
40
40
40
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
2
3
3
1
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Medium
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Medium
Medium
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Coarse sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Coarse sand
Coarse sand
Coarse sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Coarse sand
Fine sand
Medium
A2.1
Diversity Evenness
(H')
(J')
spp
n
19
19
26
24
29
26
17
22
42
23
23
35
30
34
36
24
29
66
120
113
412
688
142
85
263
349
193
2.06
2.59
N/A
N/A
2.54
3.12
2.43
2.6
3.52
0.67
0.83
N/A
N/A
0.723
0.88
0.78
0.78
0.86
15
23
19
18
20
20
26
18
17
7
13
19
27
25
21
26
21
34
24
23
9
20
184
403
239
118
121
93
98
208
252
10
63
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2.86
2.18
2
1.95
2.04
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.84
0.71
0.66
1
0.72
27
20
15
38
25
16
29
55
56
18
13
16
25
23
20
24
21
14
31
32
37
14
14
20
43
18
40
34
24
18
52
44
25
41
86
75
24
17
22
29
33
27
28
24
15
47
44
53
16
17
25
56
30
62
251
110
114
286
249
141
157
259
189
150
121
119
371
305
288
349
301
151
824
501
679
82
619
251
263
212
137
2.25
2.36
2.29
3.1
2.28
2.5
2.97
3.6
3.97
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2.02
2.51
2.72
3.24
2.29
3.6
0.64
0.76
0.81
0.79
0.61
0.79
0.84
0.83
0.93
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.73
0.91
0.86
0.82
0.68
0.9
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Sample
code
Transect
Depth
(m)
Replicate
no.
Year Sediment
Families
sorted
class
S28A2
S28A3
S30A2
S30A3
S30B1
S30C1
S31A1
S31A2
S31B1
S31B2
S31C1
S31C3
S32A1
S32A2
28
28
30
30
30
30
31
31
31
31
31
31
32
32
10
10
10
10
20
40
10
10
20
20
40
40
10
10
2
3
2
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
3
1
2
2000
2000
2000
2000
2007
2000
2007
2007
2007
2007
2000
2007
2007
2007
S32B1
S32B2
32
32
20
20
1
2
2007
2007
S32C1
S32C3
32
32
40
40
1
3
2007
2007
Fine sand
S33A2
S33B2
S33C1
S34A1
S34A2
S34A3
S34C1
S37A2
S37A3
S37C1
S38A1
S39C1
S40A1
S40C1
S41A1
S41A2
S41A3
S41B1
S41B2
S41B3
S41C1
S41C2
S41C3
S45A1
33
33
33
34
34
34
34
37
37
37
38
39
40
40
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
41
45
10
20
40
10
10
10
40
10
10
40
10
40
10
40
10
10
10
20
20
20
40
40
40
10
2
2
1
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2007
2007
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
Fine sand
S46A1
S46A2
46
46
10
10
1
2
2007
2007
Fine sand
S46B1
S46B3
S46C1
S46C2
S46C3
S48A2
S48A3
S48B1
S48C1
46
46
46
46
46
48
48
48
48
20
20
40
40
40
10
10
20
40
1
3
1
2
3
2
3
1
1
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
2000
2000
2007
2000
S49A1
S49A2
S49B1
S49B2
49
49
49
49
10
10
20
20
1
2
1
2
2007
2007
2007
2007
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Medium
Medium
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Medium
Fine sand
Fine sand
Medium
Medium
Fine sand
Medium
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Coarse sand
Coarse sand
Coarse sand
Coarse sand
Coarse sand
Coarse sand
Medium
Fine sand
Medium
Medium
Coarse sand
Coarse sand
Coarse sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Coarse sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
Fine sand
A2.2
Diversity Evenness
(H')
(J')
spp
n
17
19
19
23
61
71
2.58
2.63
0.88
0.85
21
18
24
34
27
20
37
29
46
35
33
25
28
22
26
52
34
27
44
46
71
53
39
32
97
66
132
194
179
80
181
334
370
388
440
394
2.88
2.66
N/A
3.39
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
3.48
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.87
0.87
N/A
0.87
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.82
N/A
N/A
N/A
31
40
39
61
299
734
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
14
26
16
38
39
191
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
38
52
45
15
12
21
50
30
34
52
20
35
14
34
21
22
29
31
40
22
37
44
32
8
54
66
70
16
13
23
78
36
43
78
29
52
21
53
25
23
33
42
60
33
56
60
54
12
559
537
406
51
13
52
455
353
430
303
117
275
51
311
389
214
153
273
544
228
228
247
208
167
N/A
N/A
3.17
2.04
2.48
2.75
3.01
2.48
2.58
3.89
2.83
3.35
2.66
3.24
2.4
2.16
2.84
3.04
3
2.67
3.36
3.31
3.45
0.4
N/A
N/A
0.76
0.74
1
0.89
0.7
0.69
0.69
0.91
0.85
0.85
0.87
0.83
0.76
0.7
0.82
0.82
0.79
0.76
0.85
0.82
0.88
0.17
27
14
35
16
137
100
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
20
19
50
32
52
21
17
28
27
26
23
62
37
71
26
24
35
39
323
504
877
212
1130
760
135
243
253
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.04
2.45
N/A
3.14
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.32
0.77
N/A
0.88
21
20
16
26
26
24
17
32
103
149
68
207
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
APPENDIX 3A.
Mean number of species in each family identified from
theVictorian Coastal Benthic Survey sites collected from 10
m depth.
Phylum
Family
Crustacea
Phoxocephalidae
Polychaeta
Spionidae
Crustacea
Caprellidae
Crustacea
Urohaustoriidae
Polychaeta
Paraonidae
Polychaeta
Syllidae
Crustacea
Bodotriidae
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Crustacea
Lysianassidae
Polychaeta
Nephtyidae
Crustacea
Gynodiastylidae
Crustacea
Platyischnopidae
Polychaeta
Capitellidae
Crustacea
Leptanthuridae
Mollusca
Thraciidae
Crustacea
Diastylidae
Crustacea
Corophiidae
Crustacea
Oedicerotidae
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Polychaeta
Orbiniidae
Crustacea
Ampeliscidae
Crustacea
Paracalliopiidae
Crustacea
Sarsiellidae
Crustacea
Paranthuridae
Echinodermata Amphiuridae
Crustacea
Cirolanidae
Crustacea
Cylindroleberidida
Crustacea
Philomedidae
Cf Nemertea Cf Nemertea
Cnidaria
Edwardsiidae
Crustacea
AmphipodaCrustacea
Ampithoidae
Crustacea
Anthuridae
Crustacea
Arcturidae
Crustacea
Callianassidae
Crustacea
Caprellidea
Crustacea
Chaetiliidae
Crustacea
Cypridinidae
Crustacea
Dexaminidae
Crustacea
Euphausidae
Crustacea
Eusiridae
Crustacea
Exoedicerotidae
Crustacea
Goneplacidae
Crustacea
Idoteidae
Crustacea
Joeropsidae
Crustacea
Kalliapseudidae
Crustacea
Leptognathiidae
Crustacea
Leucosiidae
Crustacea
Liljeborgiidae
Crustacea
Mysida
Crustacea
Mysidae
Crustacea
Nebaliidae
Crustacea
Ogyrididae
Crustacea
Pasiphaeidae
Crustacea
Podoceridae
2
Transect number
8 12 15 18 19 20 22 28 30 31 32 33 34 37 38 40 41 45 46 48 49
3
2
.
1
.
1
1
.
1
.
1
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
4
3
.
2
2
2
1
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
2
2
.
1
1
2
2
.
2
.
.
2
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
3
3
.
2
1
1
.
.
2
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
2
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
2
3
.
3
2
1
2
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
1
.
.
2
3
.
1
1
3
2
.
2
1
1
1
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
1
2
.
1
2
2
1
.
1
.
1
1
.
1
.
1
1
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
A3.1
2
2
.
1
2
1
2
.
2
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
2
2
.
.
1
1
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
2
1
.
3
.
.
1
2
2
.
.
1
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
2
.
3
3
1
1
2
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
4
2
2
1
2
3
1
.
2
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
1
.
1
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
4
2
.
1
1
3
.
.
1
.
1
2
1
1
.
.
1
1
2
1
1
1
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
1
1
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
5
.
1
2
1
.
.
2
2
3
.
1
2
1
3
1
.
1
2
2
1
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
2
1
.
2
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
2
.
3
2
1
3
.
1
.
1
1
2
.
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
.
1
1
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
3
.
4
.
1
2
.
.
.
2
1
2
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
4
2
1
2
.
.
.
2
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
.
3
.
1
1
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
2
1
.
.
.
1
1
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
2
1
.
1
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
2
.
1
1
3
2
1
1
.
1
.
1
.
2
.
1
.
1
1
.
1
1
1
.
1
2
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
3
.
1
.
1
2
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
1
.
2
1
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
3
2
.
1
1
3
.
.
1
.
1
2
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Phylum
Family
2
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Transect number
8 12 15 18 19 20 22 28 30 31 32 33 34 37 38 40 41 45 46 48 49
Crustacea
Podocopida
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Crustacea
Portunidae
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Crustacea
Rutidermatidae
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Crustacea
Serolidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Crustacea
Synopiidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Crustacea
Tanaidacea
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Crustacea
Urothoidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Echinodermata Chiridotidae
.
.
.
1 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Echinodermata Holothuroidea
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
Echinodermata Loveniidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
Echinodermata Ophiuridae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
Hemichordata Enteropneusta
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Mollusca
Cyamiidae
.
.
.
1 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
Mollusca
Dentaliidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Mollusca
Donacidae
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Mollusca
Galeommatidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 1
.
.
.
1 1
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
Mollusca
Glycymerididae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
Mollusca
Marginellidae
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
Mollusca
Mytilidae
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Mollusca
Naticidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
1
.
Mollusca
Nuculanidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
Mollusca
Olividae
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1 1
.
.
.
1 1
.
Mollusca
Philinidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Mollusca
Psammobiidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
Mollusca
Pyramidellidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
Mollusca
Rissoidea
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
Mollusca
Scaphopoda
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Mollusca
Siphonodentaliida .
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1 1 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Mollusca
Solenidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Mollusca
Tellinidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Mollusca
Trochidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
Nematoda
Nematoda
.
.
1
.
.
1 1
.
.
.
1 1 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
Nemertea
Nemertea
1 1 1 1
.
.
1 1 1 1
.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
.
1 1
.
Platyhelminthe Turbellaria
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
Polychaeta
Cf Polygordiidae
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
Polychaeta
Cirratulidae
1 1 1 1
.
.
.
.
1 1
.
1
.
1 1
.
.
1
.
1 1
.
Polychaeta
Dorvilleidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 1
.
.
1
.
.
Polychaeta
Flabelligeridae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
Polychaeta
Glyceridae
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Polychaeta
Lumbrineridae
1 1
.
1 1
.
1
.
1 1
.
1 1 1
.
1
.
1
.
1 1 1
Polychaeta
Magelonidae
1
.
1 1
.
.
.
.
1 1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Polychaeta
Maldanidae
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
Polychaeta
Nereididae
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1 1 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
Polychaeta
Onuphidae
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
Polychaeta
Opheliidae
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
.
1 1 1
.
.
1 1
.
1 1 1
.
1
Polychaeta
Oweniidae
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
Polychaeta
Phyllodocidae
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 1 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
Polychaeta
Polynoidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
Polychaeta
Sabellidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Polychaeta
Sigalionidae
1 1
.
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
1 1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
Polychaeta
Terebellidae
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Pycnogonida Pycnogonida
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Sipuncula
Sipunculida
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 1 1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
TOTAL
31 32 31 30 44 34 35 30 28 35 44 48 54 28 52 29 21 40 12 39 32 35
A3.2
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
APPENDIX 3B.
Mean number of species in each family identified from the
Victorian Coastal Benthic Survey sites collected from 20 m
depth
Phylum
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Platyhelminthes
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Mollusca
Crustacea
Echinodermata
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Nemertea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Mollusca
Cnidaria
Pycnogonida
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Echinodermata
Pycnogonida
Crustacea
Family
Phoxocephalidae
Syllidae
Spionidae
Ischyroceridae
Bodotriidae
Corophiidae
Melitidae
Tanaidacea
Phyllodocidae
Arcturidae
Caprellidea
Nephtyidae
Paraonidae
Gynodiastylidae
Lysianassidae
Diastylidae
Eusiridae
Leptanthuridae
Liljeborgiidae
Turbellaria
Urohaustoriidae
Cirratulidae
Cypridinidae
Capitellidae
Cylindroleberididae
Terebellidae
Orbiniidae
Kalliapseudidae
Philomedidae
Platyischnopidae
Bivalvia
Sarsiellidae
Amphiuridae
Oedicerotidae
Dorvilleidae
Sabellidae
Ampeliscidae
Lumbrineridae
Nemertea
Cirolanidae
Anthuridae
Dexaminidae
Psammobiidae
Actiniaria
Ammotheidae
Amphinomidae
Ampithoidae
Aoridae
Apseudidae
Asterinidae
Austrodecidae
Bairdiidae
2
3
2
3
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
2
.
.
1
.
.
1
2
.
1
1
.
1
.
1
1
.
1
.
2
.
.
1
1
2
1
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Transect number
12 18 19 20 30 31 32 33 41 46 48 49
3
1
2
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
3
3
2
2
1
2
4
.
3
.
.
1
1
2
1
1
2
.
.
.
5
1
1
2
1
.
1
.
2
1
.
.
1
1
1
.
2
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
1
3
2
2
.
3
1
.
2
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
1
.
2
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
1
3
.
2
2
.
.
1
.
1
.
1
3
2
3
.
.
1
.
1
1
2
1
2
.
1
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
2
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
2
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A3.3
4
3
2
.
1
2
1
.
.
2
2
.
2
2
2
2
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
1
2
.
1
.
1
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
2
1
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
2
4
3
.
.
2
1
.
1
.
.
2
3
1
.
.
1
2
.
.
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
.
1
1
.
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
4
2
4
.
.
2
.
.
2
.
.
2
1
1
2
1
.
2
.
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
2
.
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
5
2
.
.
1
1
2
1
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
1
.
2
.
.
1
2
2
.
1
1
1
2
2
.
2
1
.
2
1
.
1
1
.
1
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
2
3
2
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
1
.
1
1
.
2
2
1
1
1
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
1
1
.
2
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
1
1
2
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
2
1
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
1
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
2
1
1
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Phylum
Crustacea
Pycnogonida
Mollusca
Crustacea
Cf Nemertea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Chaetognatha
Polychaeta
Mollusca
Mollusca
Cnidaria
Hemichordata
Crustacea
Crustacea
Mollusca
Mollusca
Polychaeta
Mollusca
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Ascidacea
Cnidaria
Crustacea
Mollusca
Crustacea
Crustacea
Mollusca
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Mollusca
Mollusca
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Mollusca
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Mollusca
Crustacea
Mollusca
Mollusca
Crustacea
Nematoda
Polychaeta
Mollusca
Polychaeta
Oligochaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Echinodermata
Echinodermata
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Family
Callianassidae
Callipallenidae
Calyptraeidae
Caprellidae
Cf Nemertea
Cf Polygordiidae
Chaetiliidae
Chaetognatha
Chaetopteridae
Cylichnidae
Dentaliidae
Edwardsiidae
Enteropneusta
Expanthuridae
Galatheidae
Galeommatidae
Gastropoda
Glyceridae
Glycymerididae
Gnathiidae
Goneplacidae
Goniadidae
Hesionidae
Holozoidae
Hydroida
Iphimediidae
Ischnochitonidae
Janiridae
Joeropsidae
Lepidopleuridae
Leptognathiidae
Leucosiidae
Leucothoidae
Limidae
Limopsidae
Magelonidae
Maldanidae
Marginellidae
Melphidippidae
Microparasellidae
Munnidae
Mysida
Mysidae
Mytilidae
Nannastacidae
Nassariidae
Naticidae
Nebaliidae
Nematoda
Nereididae
Nuculanidae
Oenonidae
Oligochaeta
Onuphidae
Opheliidae
Ophiuroidae
Ophiuroidea
Ostracoda
Oweniidae
Paracalliopiidae
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Transect number
12 18 19 20 30 31 32 33 41 46 48 49
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
1
.
1
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A3.4
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
1
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
1
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Phylum
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Mollusca
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Mollusca
Sipuncula
Crustacea
Echinodermata
Crustacea
Mollusca
Mollusca
Mollusca
Crustacea
Mollusca
Mollusca
Crustacea
Family
Paralacydonidae
Paranthuridae
Paratanaidae
Pasiphaeidae
Pectinariidae
Philinidae
Phtisicidae
Pisionidae
Plakarthriidae
Podoceridae
Poecilochaetidae
Polychaeta
Polynoidae
Scalibregmatidae
Sebidae
Serolidae
Serpulidae
Sigalionidae
Siphonodentaliidae
Sipunculida
Sphaeromatidae
Strongylocentrotidae
Synopiidae
Thraciidae
Trochidae
Turbinidae
Urothoidae
Veneridae
Volutidae
Whiteleggiidae
TOTAL
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
2
Transect number
12 18 19 20 30 31 32 33 41 46 48 49
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
44
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
29 74
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
42
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
62
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
26 58
A3.5
1
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
1
73
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
66
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
68
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
33
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
35 36
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
APPENDIX 3C.
Mean number of species in each family identified from the
Victorian Coastal Benthic Survey sites collected from 40 m
depth.
Phylum
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Mollusca
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Echinodermata
Crustacea
Mollusca
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Ascidacea
Cf Nemertea
Chelicerata
Chordata
Cnidaria
Family
Paraonidae
Phoxocephalidae
Syllidae
Spionidae
Melitidae
Corophiidae
Diastylidae
Rutidermatidae
Tanaidacea
Urohaustoriidae
Janiridae
Terebellidae
Paranthuridae
Kalliapseudidae
Onuphidae
Nereididae
Dorvilleidae
Gynodiastylidae
Joeropsidae
Orbiniidae
Aoridae
Lumbrineridae
Capitellidae
Cylindroleberididae
Oedicerotidae
Marginellidae
Lysianassidae
Hesionidae
Maldanidae
Bodotriidae
Philomedidae
Sabellidae
Ischyroceridae
Eunicidae
Ampeliscidae
Nephtyidae
Apseudidae
Melphidippidae
Oenonidae
Cypridinidae
Urothoidae
Amphiuridae
Nebaliidae
Ischnochitonidae
Bairdiidae
Cirratulidae
Poecilochaetidae
Opheliidae
Holozoidae
Cf Nemertea
Acarina
Ascidiacea
Actiniaria
Transect number
3 4 8 12 14 15 17 18 21 23 26 27 30 31 32 33 34 37 39 40 41 46 48
.
2
1
1
.
1
1
.
.
4
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
2
.
.
1
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
1
5
1
1
.
2
.
.
1
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
1
.
2
1
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
5
8
3
1
8
.
.
.
1
.
2
1
.
1
1
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
2
1
.
1
2
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
3
1
2
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
2
.
3
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
2
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
2
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
4
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
2
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
3
3
6
3
4
2
3
.
2
.
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
.
.
.
1
2
.
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
.
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
.
1
.
1
.
A3.6
.
.
.
2
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
2
5
.
.
1
.
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
.
2
.
.
.
1
.
2
.
1
.
.
1
3
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
1
5
.
1
.
.
.
4
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
1
7
3
2
1
3
.
.
4
.
2
2
1
.
4
1
.
2
.
.
.
.
2
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
1
.
.
.
1
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
6
1
4
.
1
.
.
1
3
.
.
3
1
2
.
.
2
.
1
1
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
2
1
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
1
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
4
5
3
4
2
3
.
.
1
1
.
3
3
2
2
2
1
2
.
1
3
1
2
.
1
.
.
.
2
1
.
2
.
1
1
2
1
.
.
1
1
1
1
1
.
2
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
1
5
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
2
.
1
2
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
3
2
4
5
.
3
.
.
2
.
.
3
2
2
.
1
1
1
.
1
.
1
2
3
.
1
1
.
2
.
.
2
.
1
3
2
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
6
1
3
2
2
4
.
2
2
.
2
3
3
2
2
1
2
.
2
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
2
.
.
2
2
.
2
1
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
3
5
6
5
4
3
.
2
3
2
.
1
2
2
1
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
1
1
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
1
.
.
.
4
2
4
1
.
1
.
.
3
.
.
1
2
2
1
2
.
3
.
3
.
2
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
7
2
4
3
.
2
.
.
3
.
.
1
2
1
.
1
.
.
.
3
.
2
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
5
2
4
3
3
2
.
.
2
.
3
2
1
.
1
2
2
.
1
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
1
2
1
.
1
1
1
1
.
1
1
1
2
.
1
2
.
2
1
1
1
1
.
1
.
.
.
2
3
4
3
3
1
.
.
.
.
2
1
.
1
1
2
1
1
.
1
.
2
1
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
2
1
1
1
.
.
1
.
1
5
1
4
4
.
.
.
.
2
1
1
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Phylum
Cnidaria
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Family
Edwardsiidae
Actaeciidae
Alpheidae
Amphilochidae
Ampithoidae
Anthuridae
Brachyura
Callianassidae
Caprellidea
Caridea
Chaetiliidae
Cirolanidae
Colomastigidae
Cyproideidae
Cytheridae
Dexaminidae
Diogenidae
Eusiridae
Exoedicerotidae
Galatheidae
Gnathiidae
Goneplacidae
Hymenosomatidae
Hyssuridae
Idoteidae
Iphimediidae
Leptanthuridae
Leptognathiidae
Leuconidae
Leucosiidae
Leucothoidae
Liljeborgiidae
Luciferidae
Majiidae
Microparasellidae
Munnidae
Mysida
Mysidae
Nannastacidae
Nebaliacaea
Pagurapseudidae
Paguridae
Palaemonidae
Paracalliopiidae
Paramunnidae
Paratanaidae
Pariambidae
Pasiphaeidae
Phtisicidae
Plakarthriidae
Platyischnopidae
Podoceridae
Santiidae
Sarsiellidae
Sebidae
Serolidae
Sphaeromatidae
Stegocephalidae
Stenetriidae
Synopiidae
Whiteleggiidae
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Transect number
3 4 8 12 14 15 17 18 21 23 26 27 30 31 32 33 34 37 39 40 41 46 48
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
1
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
A3.7
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
1
1
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Phylum
Family
Echinodermata Asterinidae
Echinodermata Echinoidea
Echinodermata Holothuroidea
Echinodermata Loveniidae
Echinodermata Ophiactidae
Echinodermata Ophiotrichidae
Echinodermata Ophiuridae
Echinodermata Ophiuroidea
Echinodermata Strongylocentrotidae
Echiura
Thalassematidae
Hemichordata Enteropneusta
Mollusca
Arcidae
Mollusca
Calyptraeidae
Mollusca
Carditidae
Mollusca
Corbulidae
Mollusca
Cylichnidae
Mollusca
Dendrodorididae
Mollusca
Fissurellidae
Mollusca
Galeommatidae
Mollusca
Glycymerididae
Mollusca
Hiatellidae
Mollusca
Lepidopleuridae
Mollusca
Leptonidae
Mollusca
Limidae
Mollusca
Lucinidae
Mollusca
Mytilidae
Mollusca
Nuculanidae
Mollusca
Nuculidae
Mollusca
Opistobranchia
Mollusca
Philinidae
Mollusca
Philobryidae
Mollusca
Propeamussiidae
Mollusca
Psammobiidae
Mollusca
Pseudococculinidae
Mollusca
Pyramidellidae
Mollusca
Tellinidae
Mollusca
Trochidae
Mollusca
Turbinidae
Mollusca
Turritellidae
Mollusca
Ungulinidae
Mollusca
Veneridae
Nematoda
Nematoda
Nemertea
Nemertea
Oligochaeta
Oligochaeta
Phoronida
Phoronida
Platyhelminthes Turbellaria
Polychaeta
Ampharetidae
Polychaeta
Amphinomidae
Polychaeta
Cf Polygordiidae
Polychaeta
Chaetopteridae
Polychaeta
Chrysopetalidae
Polychaeta
Flabelligeridae
Polychaeta
Glyceridae
Polychaeta
Goniadidae
Polychaeta
Lacydonidae
Polychaeta
Magelonidae
Polychaeta
Oweniidae
Polychaeta
Pectinariidae
Polychaeta
Phyllodocidae
Polychaeta
Pisionidae
Polychaeta
Polynoidae
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Transect number
3 4 8 12 14 15 17 18 21 23 26 27 30 31 32 33 34 37 39 40 41 46 48
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
A3.8
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
1
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
1
1
1
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Phylum
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Porifera
Pycnogonida
Pycnogonida
Pycnogonida
Sipuncula
Family
Saccocirridae
Scalibregmatidae
Serpulidae
Sigalionidae
Sphaerodoridae
Spirorbidae
Trichobranchidae
Porifera
Ammotheidae
Austrodecidae
Callipallenidae
Sipunculida
TOTAL
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Transect number
3 4 8 12 14 15 17 18 21 23 26 27 30 31 32 33 34 37 39 40 41 46 48
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
34
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
36
. . . . .
.
. . . . . 1
. . . . . 1
. 1 1 . . 1
. . . . . 1
. . . . .
.
. . . . . 1
. . . . . 1
. . . . . 1
. . . . .
.
. . . . . 1
. . . . . 1
66 32 34 8 20 113
A3.9
. . . . . . .
. . . . . 1 .
. . . . . . .
1 . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . 1 .
. . . . . . .
. . 1 . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . 1 . . .
16 56 30 62 52 89 40
. . . . .
. 1 . . 1
. . . . .
1 . . 1 .
. 1 . . .
. . . . .
1 . 1 . .
. . . . .
1 . 1 . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . 1
70 78 77 52 53
.
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
92
1 .
. .
1 .
1 .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
1 .
. .
. 1
88 39
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
APPENDIX 4A.
Mean number of individuals in each family identified from
theVictorian Coastal Benthic Survey sites collected from 10
m depth.
Phylum
Family
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Mollusca
Crustacea
Nematoda
Crustacea
Crustacea
Mollusca
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Cf Nemertea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Nemertea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Mollusca
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Mollusca
Polychaeta
Mollusca
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Echinodermata
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Sipuncula
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Spionidae
Urohaustoriidae
Platyischnopidae
Syllidae
Cirratulidae
Trochidae
Phoxocephalidae
Nematoda
Gynodiastylidae
Diastylidae
Bivalvia
Corophiidae
Philomedidae
Lumbrineridae
Opheliidae
Cf Nemertea
Paranthuridae
Callianassidae
Leptanthuridae
Nemertea
Lysianassidae
Paraonidae
Ampeliscidae
Cirolanidae
Ampithoidae
Anthuridae
Bodotriidae
Galeommatidae
Sarsiellidae
Paracalliopiidae
Magelonidae
Oedicerotidae
Cylindroleberididae
Thraciidae
Cf Polygordiidae
Nuculanidae
Capitellidae
Oweniidae
Podoceridae
Loveniidae
Kalliapseudidae
Liljeborgiidae
Caprellidea
Mysidae
Nereididae
Maldanidae
Orbiniidae
Sipunculida
Sigalionidae
Nebaliidae
Ogyrididae
Sabellidae
2
Transect number
8 12 15 18 19 20 22 28 30 31 32 33 34 37 38 40 41 45 46 48 49
3
8
6
2
35
.
14
.
1
.
.
.
9
3
1
.
1
.
.
10
1
.
1
.
.
2
2
.
.
3
17
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
3
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
8
41
42
60
5
.
38
.
.
2
.
27
8
1
37
11
1
.
.
2
2
11
.
2
.
14
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
6
56
18
6
150
.
4
21
.
2
.
4
2
.
4
.
.
.
.
3
2
5
5
2
.
.
3
.
.
.
9
1
1
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
95
2
31
2
2
.
8
.
.
3
1
.
.
1
16
.
60
.
.
2
9
1
1
1
.
2
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
.
.
.
1
.
.
8
15
4
5
.
.
3
.
.
9
117
28
23
1
2
.
3
7
.
.
4
2
8
16
.
3
4
.
8
.
.
2
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
.
2
.
.
1
.
1
2
1
.
20
36
16
10
.
.
4
7
7
4
.
1
5
.
1
.
.
1
15
.
3
3
5
1
.
1
3
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
51 379 6 16
57 4 16 12
71 6 1 3
20 1 . 8
.
. 9 9
.
. .
.
3 6 2 2
26 . .
.
5 . .
.
2 1 1 .
.
. .
.
2 2 3 .
10 3 3 3
1 . 11 7
3 1 . 1
.
. . 2
. 2 1 2
.
. .
.
6 . . .
2 6 2 5
1 5 3 1
5 4 . 6
4 11 . .
2 . 2 3
.
. . .
2 4 . 2
2 3 4 2
.
. 1 2
.
. . 2
7 1 . .
.
. 1 1
2 3 1 3
1 . . 1
.
. 1 .
2 . .
.
.
. .
.
.
. . 1
.
. . .
.
. . .
.
. . .
.
. .
.
.
. .
.
.
. . .
2 . . 2
. 1 . .
.
. .
.
.
. .
.
.
. .
.
1 . 2 .
. 1 1 .
. 3 .
.
.
. . .
A4.1
10
4
5
9
.
.
14
16
3
1
.
8
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
3
2
.
1
46
3
1
.
1
.
.
2
.
.
5
.
.
.
17
.
.
.
12
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
6
21
5
64
60
1
62
44
1
.
3
11
.
40
5
.
.
.
40
2
3
2
13
1
.
11
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
.
9
.
4
.
.
.
9
1
.
.
3
.
1
.
.
.
.
2
32
18
.
2
.
.
21
29
158
158
2
3
.
1
.
.
.
18
3
5
8
2
8
9
.
.
.
.
.
8
.
.
2
14
.
12
5
1
.
.
4
6
.
.
1
.
2
1
.
4
.
7
1
15
2
.
1
1
3
.
.
.
.
.
3
2
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
2
2
.
1
.
5
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
35
50
122
5
2
.
18
.
1
2
1
1
13
.
5
55
12
1
.
1
3
7
1
1
.
2
8
23
1
1
.
4
.
.
.
2
3
7
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
7
2
1
.
.
21
31
7
3
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
10
2
1
10
.
.
.
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
2
.
.
2
.
1
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
5
13
2
.
.
1
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
.
.
3
.
5
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
29 1 11 . 4
77 2 19 29 10
39 .
. 79 8
1 136 13 2 37
3 . 6 12 .
.
.
. 285 .
4 2 7 15 10
.
. 34 . 19
2 . 1 1 1
.
.
.
.
.
2 . 1 .
.
. 3 6 . 5
6 . 3 .
.
1 . 11 3 13
16 1 1 . 2
4 .
. 4 .
1 . 2 .
.
43 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 5
3 . 3 6 .
6 . 3 4 1
.
. 1 . 2
.
.
.
.
.
4 . 1 . 3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1
4 . 2 .
.
9 .
. 2 .
3 . 12 1 5
.
. 2 3 1
.
.
.
.
.
2 .
. 2 2
3 . 3 1 2
4 . 2 .
.
.
. 2 . 1
6 .
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
6 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16 .
.
.
.
.
. 2 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 .
. 1 .
.
.
.
. 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 2 2 1
3 .
.
.
.
2 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Phylum
Mollusca
Polychaeta
Echinodermata
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Mollusca
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Mollusca
Mollusca
Mollusca
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Echinodermata
Mollusca
Mollusca
Platyhelminthes
Mollusca
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Mollusca
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Echinodermata
Mollusca
Mollusca
Cnidaria
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Echinodermata
Hemichordata
Mollusca
Mollusca
Mollusca
Mollusca
Mollusca
Mollusca
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Pycnogonida
Family
2
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Transect number
8 12 15 18 19 20 22 28 30 31 32 33 34 37 38 40 41 45 46 48 49
Olividae
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
Phyllodocidae
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
Amphiuridae
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
Dexaminidae
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
Tanaidacea
.
.
.
. 3 .
.
.
Serolidae
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 4
Nephtyidae
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
Gastropoda
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Cypridinidae
.
.
.
.
. 2 .
.
Goneplacidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Pasiphaeidae
.
.
.
.
. 1 1 1
Cyamiidae
.
.
. 1 3 .
.
.
Philinidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Tellinidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Dorvilleidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Caprellidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Leptognathiidae
.
.
.
.
.
. 3 .
Mysida
.
. 2
.
. 2 .
.
Chiridotidae
.
.
. 2 2 .
.
.
Psammobiidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Siphonodentaliidae .
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
Turbellaria
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
Naticidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Euphausidae
.
.
.
.
. 3 .
.
Eusiridae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Idoteidae
. 2 .
.
.
.
.
.
Pyramidellidae
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
Glyceridae
2 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
Onuphidae
1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
Amphipodaa .
.
.
.
.
.
.
Chaetiliidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Exoedicerotidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Rutidermatidae
.
.
.
. 2 .
.
.
Synopiidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Urothoidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Ophiuridae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Glycymerididae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Marginellidae
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
Edwardsiidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Arcturidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Joeropsidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Leucosiidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Podocopida
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Portunidae
1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
Holothuroidea
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Enteropneusta
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Dentaliidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Donacidae
1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
Mytilidae
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
.
Rissoidea
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Scaphopoda
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Solenidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Flabelligeridae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Polynoidae
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Terebellidae
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
Pycnogonida
.
. 1
.
.
.
.
.
TOTAL
130 321 314 253 303 161 298 452
A4.2
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
75
. 2 .
.
. 1 2 3
1 .
. 1
. 5 .
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
. 4
2 .
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 . 1
.
.
.
.
.
. 5 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 4 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 2
. 1 1 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 2 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 1
.
. 2 .
.
.
.
.
1 .
.
.
.
.
. 2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
. 1 .
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
100 186 444 559
.
.
2
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
59
2 1
.
.
2 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5 .
. 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1
.
.
.
.
. 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
412 114
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
43
.
. 1 1 .
.
.
.
. 1
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 .
.
.
.
.
. 1 1 .
. 1 .
. 1
5 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
2 .
.
. 1
2 .
. 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 2 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 2
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
313 147 158 458 142
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
APPENDIX 4B.
Mean number of individuals in each family identified from
the Victorian Coastal Benthic Survey sites collected from
20 m depth.
Phylum
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Nematoda
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Cf Nemertea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Nemertea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Mollusca
Crustacea
Hemichordata
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Mollusca
Mollusca
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Echinodermata
Oligochaeta
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Mollusca
Polychaeta
Family
Syllidae
Spionidae
Cirratulidae
Nematoda
Urohaustoriidae
Platyischnopidae
Phoxocephalidae
Corophiidae
Cf Polygordiidae
Ampeliscidae
Gynodiastylidae
Cylindroleberididae
Dorvilleidae
Paraonidae
Cf Nemertea
Philomedidae
Apseudidae
Nemertea
Orbiniidae
Hesionidae
Diastylidae
Lysianassidae
Nereididae
Leptanthuridae
Cylichnidae
Bodotriidae
Enteropneusta
Urothoidae
Nephtyidae
Cypridinidae
Kalliapseudidae
Capitellidae
Sabellidae
Opheliidae
Phyllodocidae
Sebidae
Anthuridae
Philinidae
Nuculanidae
Oedicerotidae
Nebaliidae
Sarsiellidae
Paranthuridae
Polychaeta
Melitidae
Ophiuroidea
Oligochaeta
Lumbrineridae
Ampithoidae
Plakarthriidae
Thraciidae
Terebellidae
2
90
9
318
4
8
2
50
.
.
18
.
10
.
2
.
4
.
4
1
.
.
6
4
5
.
6
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
3
.
.
3
2
2
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
Transect number
12 18 19 20 30 31 32 33 41 46 48 49
2
16
8
3
16
58
8
.
1
80
.
1
.
.
.
6
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
2
.
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
1
.
.
1
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
24 11 1
1
57 128 197 21
1
.
1
.
. 19 18 9
33 48 57 8
1 27 88 1
6
8 23 4
6
1 27 55
.
9 25 4
4
.
2
1
5 11 88 3
1
1 29 .
3
.
.
.
2
1
2
1
3
.
.
.
5 25 16 2
1
.
.
.
6
1
3
2
1
4
5
.
47 .
.
.
2
4 34 1
1
6
4
3
9
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
8
7
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
.
.
.
4
.
2
1
.
.
.
.
4
1
2
.
.
.
.
.
2
3
4
.
5
.
1
.
20 .
.
.
1
3
2
1
.
.
.
.
1
. 11 .
2
2
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11 .
.
.
.
1
8
.
8
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A4.3
12 116 13
53 51 16
1
3
4
11 125 43
13 22 1
27 .
.
17 12 30
26 16 17
20 9
2
14 3 36
13 8
5
2
3 68
. 22 1
3 16 18
.
.
.
1
1
2
. 58 .
3
9 10
1 16 19
.
.
.
4
.
1
9
. 11
.
.
.
2 12 16
.
. 43
2
.
.
.
. 34
.
7 25
. 10 17
.
2
3
.
9
4
2
8
1
.
9 11
1
1
1
.
4
7
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
9 10
.
1
6
3
1
1
2
1
5
.
1
.
.
. 12
.
.
.
1
1
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
1
13 .
.
.
.
.
.
1 11
.
1
7
91 292 1
3
3
1
3
.
9
. 52 31
.
3 41
3
3 31
7
6 14
1
.
8
.
2 67
.
.
.
.
. 10
.
.
4
22 29 .
19 .
4
62 .
.
2
1
.
.
.
.
15 3
3
3
6
.
3
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
30 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9
2
1
13 1
.
3
4
2
2
5
.
2
1
1
3
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10 1
.
.
.
.
15 .
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
6
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
1
3
.
21
1
.
14
13
9
18
4
22
1
3
3
.
9
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
8
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
1
.
.
3
.
.
4
1
1
.
.
.
2
.
5
.
3
.
.
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Phylum
Echinodermata
Mollusca
Mollusca
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Platyhelminthes
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Cnidaria
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Mollusca
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Echinodermata
Mollusca
Mollusca
Mollusca
Mollusca
Mollusca
Crustacea
Ascidacea
Cnidaria
Cnidaria
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Mollusca
Mollusca
Mollusca
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Pycnogonida
Sipuncula
Crustacea
Mollusca
Mollusca
Pycnogonida
Chaetognatha
Family
Ophiuroidae
Psammobiidae
Bivalvia
Cirolanidae
Pisionidae
Paracalliopiidae
Dexaminidae
Sphaeromatidae
Serolidae
Microparasellidae
Tanaidacea
Turbellaria
Sigalionidae
Bairdiidae
Eusiridae
Janiridae
Leptognathiidae
Nannastacidae
Oweniidae
Hydroida
Expanthuridae
Ischyroceridae
Liljeborgiidae
Mysida
Phtisicidae
Whiteleggiidae
Glycymerididae
Goniadidae
Maldanidae
Magelonidae
Aoridae
Caprellidea
Chaetiliidae
Paratanaidae
Amphiuridae
Galeommatidae
Ischnochitonidae
Marginellidae
Siphonodentaliidae
Trochidae
Callianassidae
Holozoidae
Actiniaria
Edwardsiidae
Munnidae
Mysidae
Ostracoda
Pasiphaeidae
Lepidopleuridae
Limopsidae
Nassariidae
Onuphidae
Paralacydonidae
Austrodecidae
Sipunculida
Arcturidae
Calyptraeidae
Gastropoda
Ammotheidae
Chaetognatha
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
2
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
2
.
Transect number
12 18 19 20 30 31 32 33 41 46 48 49
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
2
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
3
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
2
.
.
.
.
1
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A4.4
10
2
1
2
.
2
1
.
2
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
5
4
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
2
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
.
.
2
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
5
4
1
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
4
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
3
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
8
.
1
1
.
.
3
.
.
.
2
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
4
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
3
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
2
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Phylum
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Crustacea
Echinodermata
Echinodermata
Mollusca
Mollusca
Mollusca
Mollusca
Mollusca
Mollusca
Mollusca
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Pycnogonida
Family
Caprellidae
Galatheidae
Gnathiidae
Goneplacidae
Iphimediidae
Joeropsidae
Leucosiidae
Leucothoidae
Melphidippidae
Podoceridae
Synopiidae
Asterinidae
Strongylocentrotidae
Dentaliidae
Limidae
Mytilidae
Naticidae
Turbinidae
Veneridae
Volutidae
Amphinomidae
Chaetopteridae
Glyceridae
Oenonidae
Pectinariidae
Poecilochaetidae
Polynoidae
Scalibregmatidae
Serpulidae
Callipallenidae
TOTAL
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
2
Transect number
12 18 19 20 30 31 32 33 41 46 48 49
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
573 230 315 339 700 132 281 612 537 379 432 243 162
A4.5
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
APPENDIX 4C.
Mean number of individuals in each family identified from
the Victorian Coastal Benthic Survey sites collected from
40 m depth.
Phylum
Family
Polychaeta Spionidae
Polychaeta Paraonidae
Polychaeta Syllidae
Crustacea
Tanaidacea
Crustacea
Kalliapseudidae
Crustacea
Phoxocephalidae
Crustacea
Corophiidae
Mollusca
Turritellidae
Nematoda
Nematoda
Crustacea
Pagurapseudidae
Cf Nemertea Cf Nemertea
Crustacea
Paranthuridae
Crustacea
Ischyroceridae
Crustacea
Urohaustoriidae
Nemertea
Nemertea
Polychaeta Orbiniidae
Crustacea
Aoridae
Crustacea
Janiridae
Polychaeta Capitellidae
Crustacea
Ampeliscidae
Crustacea
Bairdiidae
Crustacea
Apseudidae
Crustacea
Gynodiastylidae
Polychaeta Sabellidae
Crustacea
Melitidae
Polychaeta Terebellidae
Polychaeta Onuphidae
Crustacea
Lysianassidae
Crustacea
Philomedidae
Polychaeta Cirratulidae
Polychaeta Nereididae
Oligochaeta Oligochaeta
Crustacea
Anthuridae
Polychaeta Dorvilleidae
Polychaeta Nephtyidae
Polychaeta Cf Polygordiidae
Polychaeta Opheliidae
Crustacea
Nebaliidae
Crustacea
Paratanaidae
Polychaeta Poecilochaetidae
Crustacea
Sphaeromatidae
Crustacea
Rutidermatidae
Polychaeta Lumbrineridae
Mollusca
Ischnochitonidae
Polychaeta Hesionidae
Echinoderma Amphiuridae
Polychaeta Maldanidae
Crustacea
Sebidae
Crustacea
Galatheidae
Polychaeta Flabelligeridae
Crustacea
Bodotriidae
Crustacea
Synopiidae
Crustacea
Cypridinidae
Crustacea
Urothoidae
3
4
Transect number
8 12 14 15 17 18 21 23 26 27 30 31 32 33 34 37 39 40 41 46 48
1
.
1
.
.
2
1
.
.
.
16
1
3
9
.
.
50
.
.
1
.
.
14
.
.
.
.
3
2
2
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
4
.
.
8
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
2
.
1
.
1
1
1
1
.
8
3
.
.
.
3
.
.
19
1
1
2
.
.
.
.
.
10
.
.
.
.
1
9
3
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
5
.
25
.
.
8
40
.
.
.
.
1
24
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
2
1
1
1
2
.
3
.
1
1
10
1
2
.
.
9
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
17
1
.
.
.
.
35
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
3
12
3
.
.
3
.
.
20
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
20
.
.
.
.
9
6
.
.
.
17
1
1
14
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
2
1
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
1
. 27 5 34 1 107 14
. 6 10 .
.
. 7
. 2 28 . 1 2 14
1 . 5 . 11 . 6
.
. 3 . 5 .
.
3 9 6 .
. 10 11
.
. 3 4 13 6 4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1
. 4 2 17 . 21 .
.
. 4 . 10 10 2
1 . 2 . 86 . 1
. 3 . 1 . 23 .
. 1 3 .
. 1 4
1 3 1 .
. 2 .
.
. 2 . 12 .
.
.
. 5 . 5 . 6
. 1 3 .
.
. 3
.
. 1 .
. 1 .
.
. 1 .
.
. 1
.
. 32 . 6 . 1
. 4 2 2 1 6 2
.
. 2 . 1 . 1
.
. 5 . 2 . 1
.
. 4 . 7 . 2
. 1 1 . 1 . 4
.
. 2 9 3 8 .
.
. 1 .
. 2 4
.
. 3 . 1 .
.
.
. 4 . 1 . 1
.
. 5 .
.
. 1
.
. 1 .
. 4 1
.
. 3 . 2 .
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 . 1 2 .
.
. 4 . 3 1 .
.
. 2 . 9 .
.
.
. 2 .
.
. 10
.
. 2 . 2 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 2 .
.
.
.
.
. 4 .
.
.
.
.
. 3 .
.
.
.
.
. 1 . 1 . 1
.
.
.
. 2 .
.
.
. 7 .
.
.
.
.
. 6 .
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
. 1 2 2 .
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 . 8
.
.
.
.
.
. 3
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
A4.6
38
22
9
1
3
16
1
.
.
.
17
6
.
16
1
1
1
.
2
6
.
.
6
2
.
.
3
1
.
3
.
.
.
.
1
.
2
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
1
5
1
1
53
66
41
21
10
13
21
.
24
.
.
6
.
1
8
1
6
.
18
7
.
1
3
23
2
6
6
.
.
4
3
10
.
2
4
.
4
1
7
3
.
.
2
1
.
2
2
.
.
.
3
1
3
1
11
18
1
.
.
.
1
.
42
.
.
.
.
.
1
3
.
.
7
1
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
10
4
.
3
.
4
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
1
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
34 113
146 51
38 31
7 10
4 78
2 1
7 11
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1
26 7
. 1
.
.
14 5
5 .
. 1
. 8
7 1
3 .
. 1
. 3
2 .
11 1
. 8
10 6
. 4
1 4
. 1
2 4
4 1
6 1
1 .
1 3
7 .
.
.
1 .
1 9
1 3
.
.
.
.
. 3
4 .
. 2
.
.
.
.
2 .
.
.
.
.
1 .
.
.
.
.
. 2
. 3
22
10
44
13
7
18
8
.
.
.
7
6
.
3
3
1
.
.
1
1
7
15
.
2
7
3
1
.
6
2
.
11
2
2
1
.
2
1
.
6
3
23
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
3
16
11
12
48
25
8
5
.
.
.
3
17
.
.
8
30
.
.
.
8
.
.
3
.
.
2
1
2
.
1
6
4
2
.
3
.
1
1
1
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
11
45
21
24
14
7
3
.
.
.
.
20
.
.
8
40
.
.
3
1
.
.
.
2
.
3
.
.
.
.
1
.
10
.
8
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
4
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6
51
34
3
.
4
2
.
.
.
5
4
1
.
9
1
3
4
9
.
6
1
.
1
15
4
1
2
1
1
6
.
.
9
4
.
1
.
5
4
3
.
1
8
2
2
3
4
5
1
.
.
.
1
70
18
94
.
5
6
5
140
64
126
.
.
1
.
16
1
.
42
9
.
41
.
1
.
15
3
2
1
1
2
9
3
3
13
.
12
9
.
.
2
9
.
4
2
3
7
1
5
4
11
.
.
.
.
17
34
45
4
.
1
.
.
.
.
8
.
.
2
8
.
.
1
6
.
6
.
.
14
.
.
19
2
.
2
.
.
6
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
9
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Phylum
Family
Crustacea
Joeropsidae
Polychaeta Eunicidae
Crustacea
Leptanthuridae
Polychaeta Amphinomidae
Polychaeta Chrysopetalidae
Crustacea
Cylindroleberidid
Crustacea
Gnathiidae
Polychaeta Serpulidae
Crustacea
Diogenidae
Crustacea
Podoceridae
Crustacea
Stenetriidae
Polychaeta Sigalionidae
Crustacea
Hyssuridae
Crustacea
Leptognathiidae
Crustacea
Nannastacidae
Crustacea
Platyischnopidae
Pycnogonida Callipallenidae
Polychaeta Phyllodocidae
Polychaeta Trichobranchidae
Polychaeta Oweniidae
Crustacea
Sarsiellidae
Platyhelminth Turbellaria
Polychaeta Chaetopteridae
Polychaeta Pisionidae
Polychaeta Scalibregmatidae
Sipuncula
Sipunculida
Crustacea
Callianassidae
Crustacea
Exoedicerotidae
Crustacea
Goneplacidae
Crustacea
Pariambidae
Echinoderma Ophiuridae
Mollusca
Lepidopleuridae
Mollusca
Nuculanidae
Mollusca
Fissurellidae
Cnidaria
Edwardsiidae
Crustacea
Actaeciidae
Crustacea
Colomastigidae
Crustacea
Cyproideidae
Crustacea
Diastylidae
Crustacea
Munnidae
Hemichordat Enteropneusta
Mollusca
Marginellidae
Mollusca
Mytilidae
Polychaeta Oenonidae
Polychaeta Pectinariidae
Pycnogonida Ammotheidae
Crustacea
Melphidippidae
Crustacea
Alpheidae
Crustacea
Caprellidea
Crustacea
Chaetiliidae
Crustacea
Dexaminidae
Crustacea
Liljeborgiidae
Crustacea
Oedicerotidae
Crustacea
Whiteleggiidae
Echinoderma Ophiuroidea
Mollusca
Philinidae
Mollusca
Pseudococculinid
Mollusca
Veneridae
Polychaeta Goniadidae
Polychaeta Polynoidae
Crustacea
Brachyura
Crustacea
Eusiridae
Crustacea
Iphimediidae
Crustacea
Leucosiidae
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
3
4
Transect number
8 12 14 15 17 18 21 23 26 27 30 31 32 33 34 37 39 40 41 46 48
.
.
.
.
.
e
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
4
2
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
1
.
3
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
3
.
.
.
2
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
.
2
.
.
1
5
.
.
1
1
3
.
1
1
5
2
4
.
2
.
.
2
1
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
3
1
.
.
.
.
.
2
2
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A4.7
7
.
.
6
.
.
1
.
1
8
5
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
2
7
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
2
1
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
3
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
5
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
1
.
.
1
3
2
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
2
.
3
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
3
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
1
1
1
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 .
.
1 1 1
. 3 .
3 .
.
. 11 .
.
.
.
2 3 1
2 4 .
3 .
.
.
.
.
. 2 .
. 1 .
5 .
.
.
.
.
.
. 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
2 2 .
.
.
.
1 .
.
.
.
.
. 6 .
2 .
.
. 5 .
2 .
.
1 . 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 .
.
.
.
.
1 .
.
. 6 .
.
.
.
. 6 .
. 1 .
.
. 2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
2 .
.
1 .
.
.
.
.
1 .
.
2 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 4 .
. 3 .
. 1 .
4 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Phylum
Family
Crustacea
Paguridae
Crustacea
Phtisicidae
Crustacea
Stegocephalidae
Mollusca
Carditidae
Mollusca
Limidae
Mollusca
Philobryidae
Mollusca
Tellinidae
Mollusca
Turbinidae
Crustacea
Cirolanidae
Crustacea
Hymenosomatida
Crustacea
Leucothoidae
Crustacea
Majiidae
Crustacea
Serolidae
Echinoderma Holothuroidea
Echinoderma Ophiactidae
Mollusca
Dendrodorididae
Mollusca
Glycymerididae
Mollusca
Hiatellidae
Mollusca
Lucinidae
Mollusca
Nuculidae
Mollusca
Propeamussiidae
Mollusca
Psammobiidae
Mollusca
Trochidae
Phoronida
Phoronida
Polychaeta Ampharetidae
Polychaeta Sphaerodoridae
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Polychaeta Saccocirridae
Polychaeta Lacydonidae
Ascidacea
Holozoidae
Chelicerata Acarina
Cnidaria
Actiniaria
Crustacea
Amphilochidae
Crustacea
Ampithoidae
Crustacea
Caridea
Crustacea
Cytheridae
Crustacea
Idoteidae
Crustacea
Leuconidae
Crustacea
Luciferidae
Crustacea
Microparasellidae
Crustacea
Mysida
Crustacea
Mysidae
Crustacea
Nebaliacaea
Crustacea
Palaemonidae
Crustacea
Paracalliopiidae
Crustacea
Paramunnidae
Crustacea
Pasiphaeidae
Crustacea
Plakarthriidae
Crustacea
Santiidae
Echinoderma Asterinidae
Echinoderma Echinoidea
Echinoderma Loveniidae
Echinoderma Ophiotrichidae
Echinoderma Strongylocentroti
Echiura
Thalassematidae
Mollusca
Arcidae
Mollusca
Calyptraeidae
Mollusca
Corbulidae
Mollusca
Cylichnidae
Mollusca
Galeommatidae
Mollusca
Leptonidae
Mollusca
Opistobranchia
Mollusca
Pyramidellidae
Mollusca
Ungulinidae
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
3
4
Transect number
8 12 14 15 17 18 21 23 26 27 30 31 32 33 34 37 39 40 41 46 48
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A4.8
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
2
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
1
2
.
.
.
.
2
1
.
1
1
.
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Phylum
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Polychaeta
Porifera
Pycnogonida
Family
Glyceridae
Magelonidae
Spirorbidae
Porifera
Austrodecidae
TOTAL
3
.
.
.
.
.
137
4
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
Transect number
8 12 14 15 17 18 21 23 26 27 30 31 32 33 34 37 39 40 41 46 48
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
81 157 138
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
. 1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 1 .
98 8 63 252 82 237 208 129 179 423 133 374 402 271 231 247 275 846 196
A4.9
Parks Victoria Technical Series No. 53
Victorian MNP coastal benthos
APPENDIX 5.
Maoricolpus roseus sampled off Point Hicks at 40 m depth
Photographs showing all infauna identified from replicate samples 1-3 (top to bottom) collected from
40 m depth on Transect 46 during the VCBS showing the high abundance and biomass of the M.
roseus (upper right in each photo). Each family is contained in a separate recess or container.
Recesses with green discs contain no animals. Scale bars = 10 cm.
Parks Victoria is responsible for managing the Victorian protected
area network, which ranges from wilderness areas to metropolitan
parks and includes both marine and terrestrial components.
Our role is to protect the natural and cultural values of the parks
and other assets we manage, while providing a great range of
outdoor opportunities for all Victorians and visitors.
A broad range of environmental research and monitoring activities
supported by Parks Victoria provides information to enhance park
management decisions. This Technical Series highlights some of
the environmental research and monitoring activities done within
Victoria’s protected area network.
Healthy Parks Healthy People
For more information contact the Parks Victoria Information Centre
on 13 1963, or visit www.parkweb.vic.gov.au