Supplemental Digital Content 1 R2 of regression analyses using PBF estimated from
published equations using anthropometric measures to predict PBF from DXA in NHANES
1999-2004 in adult males and females matched by age range and race/ethnicity with the
sample in which the equations were developed 1-3
Males
Anthropometric(s) used in equation/
Equation evaluated
Triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness
Durnin and Womersley age-specific (5)
20 - 39 years
40 - 59 years
60 - 68 years
20 - 68 years
Durnin and Womersley all-age (5)
20 - 39 years
40 - 59 years
60 - 68 years
20 - 68 years
Hassager et al. (11)
20 - 39 years
40 - 59 years
60 - 72 years
20 - 72 years
Slaughter et al. (30)
20 - 29 years
Height, weight and/or body mass index (BMI)
Deurenberg et al., 1989 (2)
60 - 83 years
Deurenberg et al.1991 (3)
20 - 39 years
40 - 59 years
60 - 83 years
20 - 83 years
Deurenberg et al.1998 4
Gallagher et al. 1996 (9) 5
20 - 39 years
40 - 59 years
60 - 84 years
20 - 84 years
Gallagher et al. 2000 full (8) 5
20 - 39 years
40 - 59 years
60 - 84 years
20 - 84 years
Gallagher et al. 2000 simplified (8) 5
20 - 39 years
40 - 59 years
60 - 84 years
20 - 84 years
1
2
Females
n
R2
n
R
799
808
338
1,945
0.689
0.587
0.433
0.617
724
693
338
1,755
0.671
0.630
0.460
0.640
799
808
338
1,945
0.750
0.580
0.433
0.661
724
693
338
1,755
0.678
0.634
0.460
0.634
799
808
505
2112
0.745
0.585
0.432
0.684
724
693
481
1898
0.677
0.646
0.429
0.658
591
0.770
493
0.665
945
0.474
878
0.558
799
808
945
2,552
0.567
0.498
0.497
0.568
724
693
878
2,295
0.644
0.629
0.521
0.628
1,152
1,129
1,225
3,506
0.570
0.509
0.504
0.592
1,014
918
1,158
3,090
0.649
0.618
0.538
0.654
1152
1129
1225
3506
0.575
0.511
0.510
0.601
1014
918
1158
3090
0.676
0.672
0.613
0.701
1152
1129
1225
3506
0.563
0.498
0.502
0.591
1014
918
1158
3090
0.671
0.665
0.606
0.694
Gomez-Ambrosi et al. (10)
20 - 39 years
40 - 59 years
60 - 80 years
20 - 80 years
Heitmann (12)
35 - 65 years
Jackson et al. (16)
20 - 39 years
40 - 65 years
20 - 65 years
Noppa et al. (23)
44 - 66 years
Pasco et al. (25) 5
20 - 39 years
40 - 59 years
60 - 84 years
20 - 84 years
Rush et al. (28)
20 - 27 years
Smith et al.(31)
25 - 37 years
Visser et al. (33) 5
60 - 84 years
Waist circumference (WC) or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)
Kagawa et al. (17)
20 - 39 years
40 - 64 years
20 - 64 years
Lean et al. WC (19)
20 - 39 years
40 - 64 years
20 - 64 years
Multiple anthropometric variables 6
Chapman et al. (1) 5
76 - 84 years
Lean et al. WC-tricpes (19)
20 - 39 years
40 - 64 years
20 - 64 years
Ramirez-Zea et al. (27)
20 - 39 years
40 - 56 years
20 - 56 years
Svendsen et al. (32)
75 years
Wilmore and Behnke body density (35)
20 - 36 years
2
799
808
816
2,423
0.597
0.502
0.494
0.603
724
693
745
2,162
0.685
0.668
0.578
0.698
1,218
0.514
1,114
0.683
1,152
1,440
2,592
0.577
0.519
0.585
1,014
1,237
2,251
0.652
0.648
0.671
-
-
811
0.541
799
808
982
2,589
0.600
0.494
0.485
0.582
724
693
930
2,347
0.688
0.648
0.616
0.672
-
-
284
0.721
-
-
463
0.643
982
0.470
930
0.549
799
996
1795
0.738
0.606
0.682
724
885
1609
0.591
0.543
0.563
799
996
1,795
0.707
0.616
0.680
724
885
1,609
0.554
0.559
0.553
348
0.463
343
0.459
799
996
1,795
0.795
0.666
0.738
724
885
1,609
0.686
0.697
0.692
475
318
793
0.713
0.629
0.692
350
269
619
0.538
0.508
0.551
45
0.567
37
0.570
684
0.757
-
-
Wilmore and Behnke lean body weight (35)
20 - 36 years
684
1
0.749
-
-
Values were adjusted for complex sample design and expressed as the average of the five R2s respectively from the five imputation DXA
datasets.
2
Only non-Hispanic Whites were included in the analyses. The exceptions were equations of Slaughter et al., Jackson et al., Gallagher et al.
1996, Gallagher et al. 2000 full and simplified for which both non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks were included, and the Ramirez-Zea et al.
equation for which only Mexican Americans were included.
3
Abbreviations: DXA for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, NHANES for National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and PBF for
percentage body fat.
4
The Deurenberg 1998 equation was excluded for analysis because age ranges were unknown.
5
Analyses were limited to sample aged ≤ 84 years since NHANES coded the age of those aged ≥ 85 as 85 years.
6
Anthropometrics used in equations were waist circumference and triceps skinfold for Lean et al. WC-triceps equation, BMI and triceps
skinfold for Svendsen et al. equation, weight, height and triceps skinfold for Chapman et al. equation, weight and waist circumference for
Wilmore and Behnke body density and lean body weight equations, and weight, height and waist circumference for Ramirez-Zea et al.
equation.
3