Biology 27 Week Assessment Review
1. How do the microorganisms like bacteria and fungi help sustain the overall health of their
ecosystems?
They help keep nutrients cycling in the ecosystem
2. The graph to the right shows changes in a community after a
disturbance has occurred. Based upon the information in the
graph, what were the changes in the community caused by?
Succession caused by a fire or natural disaster
3. Which classification taxa show the closest degree of relationship?
Species
4. What would cause an excess output in the carbon cycle?
Any destruction of one of the carbon reservoirs, such as
destruction of terrestrial biota
5. What do the projections on the surface of a virus allow it to do?
Help the virus to attach to the host
6. What is the benefit of having a standard
taxonomic system?
So there is a common understanding of
classification & naming of organisms
7. In what phylum should the organism in the
chart to the right be classified?
Platyhelminthes
8. When will a non-native species survive over a native species in the same ecosystem?
When the non-native species has no natural predators
9. If a gene in an organism allows it to survive and reproduce, as well as that’s organism’s offspring, then
the frequency of the gene should increase at what level?
The frequency of the gene in a population
10. What would be the correct order for ecological succession for this environment?
II, IV, I, III
11. Why is overfishing leading to an increase in algae overgrowth in coral reefs?
There are fewer animals to eat the algae
12. If a pea plant with the genotype TtYy is crossed with a pea plant with genotype ttyy, what
percentage of the offspring will be expected to have the genotype ttYy?
25%
parental allelic combinations TY Ty tY ty
ty ty ty ty
13. What does the arrow on the DNA molecule indicate?
Nitrogen Bases
14. What stage of mitosis is the cell indicated undergoing?
Metaphase
15. According to the codon chart below, what amino acid would be produced from the DNA triplet 3’ TCT 5’?
5’ AGA 3’
Arginine
16. A technique called chromosome painting allows
scientists to mark the locations of genes on
chromosomes using fluorescent tags. This
technique can be used on different species of
organisms. What does chromosome painting
allow for?
To compare the genomes of different species
17. How does the shape of an enzyme determine its function? Enzymes are substrate specific
18. Give a statement that best describes how cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
The energy in the bonds of glucose are transferred to make ATP
19. What type of molecule is being produced in this diagram?
mRNA
20. What is the primary difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis makes glucose & cellular respiration breaks
glucose down.
21. What is missing from the food web to the right?
Decomposers
22. The concept of gene flow, where new individuals contribute
their genes to populations, causes an increase in what?
Genetic variation
23. What are the monomers of proteins, and what bonds hold them together?
Amino acids joined by peptide bonds
24. Algae like Euglena and cyanobacteria both undergo photosynthesis. What is the primary difference
between the two organisms?
The presence of a nuclear membrane. Algae is eukaryotic and cyanobacteria is prokaryotic.
25. What symbiotic relationship occurs when both partners benefit from the interaction?
Mutualism
26. What does crossing over lead to an increase of?
Genetic Variation
27. Horses are much larger now than their ancestors in the fossil record. What would be the best
explanation for why horses have changed so much over millions of years?
Horses have changed as a result of natural selection
28. The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The
Aswan High Dam contains the flow of water from the river
and reduces the annual fall flooding. The floodwater is
trapped behind the huge dam, allowing irrigation for
agriculture. Sediments that would be washed away by
the annual floods are also trapped behind the dam. The
graph shows the water flow from the Nile that enters the
Mediterranean Sea. How has the dam most likely affected
the Mediterranean Sea Ecosystem?
Reduced nutrients from the land support fewer producers in the sea
29. What process takes place in ribosomes found on rough Endoplasmic reticulum?
Protein synthesis
30. What part of the DNA molecule is responsible for the expression of traits?
Nitrogenous Bases
31. Zoogeographic regions are characterized by the presence of
specific groups of animals. These regions are determined by
the taxonomic or phylogenetic relationships of animals. The
map shows the zoogeographic regions proposed by the
naturalist Alfred Russell Wallace in 1876.Which two
numbered areas are likely to contain organisms that share
common ancestors based upon geographic proximity?
Organisms 1 and 2
32. What level of biological organization is being
expressed in the following chart?
Community
33. What would be the genotype ratio for a cross between two dogs that are heterozygous for color?
Bb X Bb
1 BB: 2 Bb: 1 bb
34. What is the purpose of mimicry for organisms that copy the color pattern of similar organisms that
are poisonous?
To help protect the mimicking organism from its predators because the predator thinks they are poisonous
35. What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?
The DNA must be replicated
36. How does DNA determine an organism’s traits?
DNA codes for proteins, which are necessary for the growth and functioning of an organism
37. What biochemical controls cell differentiation?
DNA
38. The limbs of several vertebrates are below. They are
considered to be homologous structures inherited
from a common ancestor for what reason?
They have the same basic structure
39. Mutations that occur in the gametes of an
organism will show up where?
The organism’s offspring
40. The Texas blind salamander (Eurycea rathbuni) lives in the Edwards Aquifer region around San
Marcos. Along with other species the salamander lives in total darkness in the underground crevices
and caves of the aquifer region. The table lists some of the organisms that live in this environment
and their food sources. What organism in this community would be placed at the bottom of the
energy pyramid?
Protozoa
41. What types of cells never enter G0 and continuously repeat the cell cycle?
Cancer cells that continue to repeat the cell cycle
42. What type of molecule is this to the right?
Saccharide (carbohydrate)
43. An immunologist studying infectious viruses usually look for what?
The mechanism used by the virus to infect cells
44. Different organisms share the exact same genes even though they are not closely related. What is
this evidence of?
That they share a genetic code
45. The diagram to the right shows taxonomic groups and a major
distinguishing characteristic of all but two of them. What two
terms complete the chart?
46. What is the source of carbon that forms glucose during photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
47. What are biomolecules that can change the rate of a chemical reaction? What large class of
biomolecules do they belong to?
Enzymes are picky Proteins
48. Why is it important to always develop new, more effective antibiotics to use against bacteria?
Over time, more and more bacteria have become
resistant to the antibiotics currently available
49. What do viruses and cells have in common?
Both contain proteins and genetic material
50. Using the chart to the right, what amino acid
sequence can be coded from the following DNA
sequence?
CCA TTG AGC
GGU AAC UCG
Gly – Asp – Ser