Journal of Maharaja Agrasen College of Higher Education
Volume-2, Issue-1, June 2015
Online ISSN 2394 - 4390
India a Favorite Destination (A Survey on Infrastructure Sector)
AUTHOR
Ms. Anju Bala Nandrajog
*Assit. Professor, Institute of Management Studies, Ghaziabad
ABSTRACT
Emerging economies are a rapidly growing market for computing products.
In India many new
opportunities can be fully optimized. Today India is one of the favored destinations for global investments.
The challenge faced by other nations presents an opportunity for India. India offers a wealth of
opportunities. Roads are being laid all the over the country. Airports are waiting in line for up gradation.
Ports are ramping up to handle more traffic. Telecom subscribers are increasing by the millions. Power
generation is next in line. But with this India has to face so many challenges to grab these opportunities.
Finance organizations requiring IT support of their business processes often enter into projects without
sufficient preparation. Poor brand perception of India, Shortage of qualified workforce (due to poor
education system), Unsatisfactory experiences of customers with lack of quality in services from India,
Delays and inefficiencies due to inadequate legal and regulatory infrastructure creates major challenges to
collect funds from offshore. Financial crisis challenging present corresponding opportunities for highimpact innovation. This article is a part special issue on emerging oppourtunities and challenges in India
infrastructure sector.
I
ntroduction:
future in the burgeoning information technology
India, the second most populated country of
industry. In the recent years India has also adopted
more than 1000 million has emerged as one of
conducive foreign investment policies and well-
the fastest growing economies. It is a republic with a
balanced package of fiscal incentives with free
federal structure and well-developed independent
repatriation of profits and capital investment. While
judiciary with political consensus in reforms and
the Government has so far been the predominant
stable democratic environment. India was identified
provider of infrastructure facilities, social obligations
by 82 percent of US companies as their top destination
of governance have led to increasing pressures on
for software outsourcing and there is a promising
finances of the service providers resulting in
India a Favorite Destination (A Survey on Infrastructure Sector)
Journal of Maharaja Agrasen College of Higher Education
Volume-2, Issue-1, June 2015
Online ISSN 2394 - 4390
inadequate availability of resources for improvement
and ports to foster private participation. There is an
of existing systems and additions of capacity. The
economic axiom that the infrastructure sector should
Government has been putting in place legal and policy
be ahead of all other sectors. The rationale is that only
structures in vital sectors of telecom, roads, oil & gas
a
can catalyze other segments of the economy, be it
India will require $1.7 trillion over the next decade for
manufacturing, agriculture or services. In the Indian
construction of roads, railways, generation of power
context, in recent years, we are laying more emphasis
and creation of irrigation facilities. The following
on the infrastructure sector than even before.
table shows the potential in some infrastructure sector.
Estimates are that India requires close to $500 billion
sound
Ports
and
strong
infrastructure
network
877 million tones of traffic by 2011-2012
15.5% growth expected in containerized traffic
in the next two to three years for development of
Airports
infrastructure alone. There are also other estimates
Passenger and cargo traffic slated to grow at
over 20% annually
that put the requirement at a much higher level. It is
Railways
very difficult to mobilize enough resources from
passenger traffic at close to 8%
abroad for financing projects. Let me discuss the
Power
desired
changes.
PE
players
find
like that large number of private equity companies are
looking at Indian Infrastructure sector with immense
potential as many are rushing in to raise funds for the
sector.
Telecom
huge
opportunities in Indian Infrastructure sector. It seems
According to a report by Goldman Sachs,
13% peaking and 8% average shortage of
power annually
changes in policy framework that is needed to bring
the
Freight traffic is growing at close to 10% and
Rural penetration less than 4%
So from the above table we can see the potential of
infrastructure in Indian economy and government of
India is also taking a lot of steps to make financing
easy. GOI is taking the following steps to ease
financing constraints in infrastructure sector.

Viability Gap Funding (VGF)


India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited
multilaterals to raise rupee resources: ADB allowed
(IIFCL)
to raise rupee resources.

India Infrastructure Initiative ($ 5 bn. Fund)

Enhanced Annual External Commercial Borrowing
as grading of PPP projects/SPV rating by the major
ceiling
credit rating companies.

Bonds- reporting platform started and trading
platform slated to start from July 1, 2007
India a Favorite Destination (A Survey on Infrastructure Sector)

Permission to foreign financial institutions and
Encouraging development of new instruments such
HIGHWAYS
Journal of Maharaja Agrasen College of Higher Education
Volume-2, Issue-1, June 2015
Online ISSN 2394 - 4390
India has the second largest road network in the world
spanning 3.3 million km, serving 85% of passenger
traffic and 61% freight traffic in the country. The
link rural roads with National Highways. This is
National Highway Development Programme (NHDP)
likely to be developed along with the six-lane
aims to develop a massive 50,000 km of National
project under the NHDP.
Highways under 7 phases by December 2015. It is

A Rs.41,200 crores (US $ 5 billion) project plans to
anticipated that by the year 2012, an investment of
lay 6 lane roads over 6,500 kms of National
Rs.2,20,000 cr. will be required for modernization &
Highways on the Design Build Finance and
up gradation of National Highways alone under the
Operate (DBFO) basis in Golden Quadrilateral and
National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).
other high traffic stretches.
Importantly, this will also help generate more
RAILWAYS
employment and income, particularly to those who are
Indian Railways is the largest rail network in Asia and
living in rural areas. An ambitious National Highway
world’s second largest under one management. Indian
Development Program (NHDP), involving a total
Railways comprise over one hundred thousand track
investment of Rs.2,20,000 crore (USD 45.276 billion)
kilometers and run about 11000 trains every day
up to 2012, has been established.
carrying about 13 million passengers and 1.25 million

100 per cent FDI under the automatic route in all
tonnes of freight every day. Indian railways have been
road development projects.
losing its market share and competitiveness vis-a-vis
100 per cent income tax exemption for a period of
roads. The proposed outlay on various programs of
10 years
the Indian Railways during the 11th. Five Year Plan is
An increment in the overseas borrowing amount of
around Rs.2,55,000 cr. This envisages augmentation
infrastructure sectors, to US$ 500 million from
and modernization of the Railway Infrastructure
US$ 100 million.
including provisioning of Rs.10,000 cr. for High
Offering cheaper loans for highway projects that
Speed Passenger Corridors (for speeds of 300 to 350
will speed up the projects worth more than US$ 12.
kmph).
70 billion under separate phases of the NHDP.
The next five years will also see investments towards
The Ministry of Shipping and Road Transport is
expansion of Railway Network in Jammu & Kashmir
considering a ‘green corridor' highway project
as well as Gauge Conversion and other Railways
solely for farmers with “no toll” charges that would
Projects in the Northeast. Railways plan to develop 23




India a Favorite Destination (A Survey on Infrastructure Sector)
Journal of Maharaja Agrasen College of Higher Education
Volume-2, Issue-1, June 2015
Online ISSN 2394 - 4390
world class stations with 4 (including New Delhi)
agreements have been signed for the development of
planned in the first phase approximate modernization
minor ports. Tariff Authority for Major Ports (TAMP)
cost of each would be in the region of Rs. 5,000 cr.
has been constituted as the apex body till the
PORTS & INLAND WATERWAYS
movement to market determined port tariffs Measures
Indian Ports are expected to handle 800 million tonnes
to promote foreign investment include foreign equity
of cargo by 2012 as compared to 520 million tonnes
up to 100% in construction and maintenance of ports
handled in 2005. Besides augmentation of Port
and harbors and in projects providing support services
Infrastructure, this will also require investments to
to water transport, such as operation and maintenance
improve railroad connectivity of Ports with the
of piers, loading and discharging of vehicles under the
hinterland. An investment of Rs.50, 000 cr. has been
automatic route. Open tenders will be invited for
envisaged
private sector participation on a BOT basis.
in
the
11th
Five
Year
Plan
for
additional
 Growth in merchandise exports projected at over
equipment & crafts, deepening of channels and other
13% p.a. underlines the need for large investments
projects for development of Major Ports in the
in port infrastructure
construction/reconstruction
of
berths,
country. Further, an investment of about Rs.31,000 cr.
 Investment need of $13.5 billion (Rs.60,750 crores)
will be made in the 11th Five Year Plan period for
in the major ports under National Maritime
development of Minor Ports including green field
Development
projects, Captive facilities and up gradation of
infrastructure at these ports in the next 7 years.
existing ports. It is estimated that during the next
decade the growth of traffic may be about 6% while
the containerized traffic growth is estimated to be of
Program
(NMDP)
to
boost
 Under NMDP, 276 projects have been identified
for the development of Major ports
 Public
Private
partnership
is
seen
by
the
18%.
Government as the key to improve Major and
Private participation is possible in construction and
Minor ports.
O&M of jetties, cargo handling facilities, container
terminals and storage tanks. Setting up export
processing zones to increase exports is expected to
generate substantial business for ports. Concession
mechanisms have been developed by some State
Governments
(Gujarat,
AP,
and
Orissa)
and
India a Favorite Destination (A Survey on Infrastructure Sector)
 64% of the proposed investment in major ports
envisaged from private players.
 Investment need of $4.5 billion (Rs.20,250 crores)
for improving minor ports.
 100% FDI under the automatic route is permitted
for port development projects.
Journal of Maharaja Agrasen College of Higher Education
Volume-2, Issue-1, June 2015
Online ISSN 2394 - 4390
 100% income tax exemption is available for a
period of 10 years.
also been allowed in construction and maintenance of
airports
with
selective
approval
from
Foreign
 Tariff Authority for Major Ports (TAMP) regulates
Investment Promotion Board. A recent report by
the ceiling for tariffs charged by Major ports/port
Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation (CAPA), over the
operators (not applicable to minor ports).
next 12 years, India's Civil Aviation Ministry aims at
 A comprehensive National Maritime Policy is
500 operational airports. The Government aims to
being formulated to lay down the vision and
attract private investment in aviation infrastructure.
strategy for development of the sector till 2025.
India has been witnessing a very strong phase of
CIVIL AVIATION
development in the past few months. Many domestic
The other important area is civil aviation. It is
as well as international players are showing interest in
reckoned that India has the potential to become a
the growth and development of the aviation sector
major tourist destination. However, the lack of air
with immense focus on the development of the
connectivity hampers the tapping of our tourism
airports.
potential. At the same time, we have hundreds of
A projected investment of USD 8.5 billion has been
small airports and helipads spread across the country
planned for the development of Indian airports during
that can play an important role in catalyzing the flow
the 11th plan. Mumbai and Delhi airports have already
of tourists.
been privatized. These two airports are being
In the Civil Aviation Sector, a plan for Airport
upgraded at an estimated investment of US$ 4 billion
Infrastructure up gradation has been developed, which
for the period 2006-16. AAI has planned a heavy
envisages an investment of Rs.35-40, 000 cr. by 2012.
investment of USD 3.07 billion over the next five
This will cover development of as many as 35 non-
years. Out of it 43 per cent will be for the three metro
metro Airports, Green Field Airports and Airports in
airports in Kolkata, Chennai and Trivandrum. The rest
the North -East Region. Privatisation of International
will be invested in upgrading other non-metro airports
Airports is in offing through Joint Venture route.
and in the modernization of the existing aeronautical
Three Greenfield airports are being built at Kochi,
facilities.
Hyderabad and Bangalore with major shareholding of

gradation of existing airports
private sector. The work on Bangalore airport is likely
to commence shortly. Few selected non-metro airports
are likely to be privatized. 100% foreign equity has
India a Favorite Destination (A Survey on Infrastructure Sector)
Major investments planned in new airports and up

100% FDI is permissible for existing airports; FIPB
approval required for FDI beyond 74%.
Journal of Maharaja Agrasen College of Higher Education
Volume-2, Issue-1, June 2015
Online ISSN 2394 - 4390







100% FDI under automatic route is permissible for
Urban Distribution Network under the APDRP
Greenfield airports.
(Accelerated Power Development Reform Programme
49% FDI is permissible in domestic airlines under
) and schemes for reducing losses to 15% in power
the automatic route, but not by foreign airline
distribution sector. Multi Commodity Exchange has
companies.
tried to get a permit to offer electricity future markets.
100% equity ownership by Non Resident Indians
India possesses a vast opportunity to grow in the field
(NRIs) is permitted.
of power generation, transmission, and distribution.
AAI Act amended to provide legal framework for
The target of over 150,000 MW of hydel power
airport privatization.
germination is yet to be achieved. By the year 2012,
100% tax exemption for airport projects for a
India requires an additional 100,000 MW of
period of 10 years.
generation capacity. A huge capital investment is
Open Sky policy of the Government and rapid air
required to meet this target. The power sector is still
traffic growth have resulted in the entry of several
experiencing a large demand-supply gap. This has
new privately owned airlines and increased
called for an effective consideration of some of
frequency/flights for international airlines.
strategic initiatives. There are strong opportunities in
SME lending, a largely untapped market, presents a
transmission network ventures additional 60,000
significant opportunity. This accounts for 40% of
circuit kilometers of transmission network is expected
the industrial output and 35% of direct exports.
by 2012 with a total investment opportunity of about
POWER & STEEL
US$ 200 billion.
Additional Power Generation capacity to the extent of

100% FDI permitted in Generation, Transmission
60,000 MW is planned during the 11th Five Year Plan
& Distribution the government is keen to draw
.This will involve an investment of the order of
private investment into the sector.
Rs.6,00,000 cr. in power sector. Almost 50% of the

Incentives: Income tax holiday for a block of 10
investment will go towards setting up additional
years in the first 15 years of operation; waiver of
Thermal Power Generation Capacity of about 46,000
capital goods import duties on mega power projects
MW. Another Rs. 1,40,000 cr. will be required for
(above 1,000 MW generation capacity).
proposed electrification of all villages/hamlets with
population of more than 300 by 2012. Further,
Rs.40,000 cr. are earmarked for improvements to the
India a Favorite Destination (A Survey on Infrastructure Sector)

Allowing foreign equity participation up to 100 per
cent in the power sector under the automatic route.
Journal of Maharaja Agrasen College of Higher Education
Volume-2, Issue-1, June 2015
Online ISSN 2394 - 4390

Encouraging the private sector to set up coal, gas or
Transport has increased substantially by growing
liquid-based thermal projects, hydel projects and
urban population. Estimated population of India is
wind or solar projects of any size.
likely to be 1451 million in 2021 out of which urban

Deregulation of the ancillary sectors such as coal.
population shall constitute 37%, as against 27%

Introduction of the Electricity Act 2003 and the
during 2001. Numbers of cities having population
notification of the National Electricity and Tariff
more than 1 million are expected to increase to 53 by
policies.
the year 2021 from present number of 35. Urban
Un-bundling of the State Electricity Boards (SEBs)
Transport demand has been growing even faster.
into generation, transmission, and distribution
There is inadequate Urban Mass Transport System
companies
and proliferation of personalized motor vehicles.


for
better
transparency
and
accountability.
Numbers of personalized vehicles are likely to
Total investment opportunity of about US$ 200
increase by eight fold in next 20 years. This will result
billion over a seven year horizon
in excess energy consumption, congestion in cities
URBAN RENEWAL
and environmental problem, thus necessitating LRT
Under the JNNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru National
/MRTS options.
Urban Renewal Mission) launched in December 2005,
PRESENT STATUS - MRTS / LRTS
selected 63 cities will be taken up for integrated
The most ambitious MRTS network plan is envisaged
development of infrastructural services through urban
for the national capital at Delhi. The Delhi Metro
renewal projects for which substantial provision of
Railway is a major initiative, which is now under
funds will be made by the Government. Provision of
implementation. Works for Phase-I of the network are
Bus Rapid Transit Systems (BRTS) is envisaged in
under advance stage of completion, and one section
the 11th Five Year Plan in all cities with population of
has been commissioned. DPR for Phase-II MRTS
10 lakhs and more. There are 35 such cities in the
network is under preparation. Total length of MRTS
country, and planning for BRTS is in progress for 11
for National Capital Region up to phase IV shall be
cities out of which proposals have been drawn up for
244 km consisting of 27 km of underground section,
9 cities and submitted for approval of Central Govt.
204 km of elevated section and 13 km at grade. In
grant under JNNURM. An investment of Rs.9, 500 cr.
Kolkata one corridor of MRTS has already been in
is expected to be made during the next 5 years for
operation. Extension of this is in progress. Master
BRTS in the 11 cities. Requirement of Urban
Plan of MRTS for Mumbai is under preparation
India a Favorite Destination (A Survey on Infrastructure Sector)
Journal of Maharaja Agrasen College of Higher Education
Volume-2, Issue-1, June 2015
Online ISSN 2394 - 4390
although an extensive commuter Rail System already

exists. In Chennai Commuter Rail System is already
available and a small section of MRTS is also in
services

operation. Feasibility study of commuter Rail system
and DPR for MRTS is under preparation for
Agra, Ludhiana and Cochin.These projects provide
FIPB approval required for foreign investment
exceeding 49% in all telecom services.

Bangalore and Hyderabad. Feasibility study for LRT
has also been done for Jaipur, Lucknow, Kanpur,
74% to 100% FDI permitted for various telecom
100% FDI permitted in telecom equipment
manufacturing.

Investment opportunity of $22 billion across many
areas.
considerable opportunity for innovation in terms of
INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS
financing, planning and execution of the projects.
Building construction will witness a spurt in growth
TELECOM
due to major investments expected in Rural & Urban
The past few years have been experiencing a steady
Infrastructure, Commercial & Residential Buildings,
growth
Transport
in
the
spread
and
reach
of
the
Terminals,
Logistics
Parks,
and
telecommunication services in India. The Department
Warehouses, etc. Expansion of Education is being
of Telecommunication (DoT) has been much active in
taken up in a big way under the Bharat Nirman
policy
and
Programme requiring development of Educational
implementation of in its initiatives. The year 2007-08
Institutes and allied Infrastructure. State Governments
has recorded a remarkable growth in the field of
supported by Central assistance are to implement
telecommunication. The targeted growth of 250
major and medium education projects. The total
million for the year 2007 was already achieved in the
requirement of funds is expected to be of the order of
month of October 2007, which in itself is a great
Rs. 80,000 cr. in Education. RITES is providing
achievement. The year recorded the total number of
Project Management Consultancy Services including
156.55 millions
The
Design, Quality Assurance to Central & State
department is eying a total number of 500 million new
Governments and Private Sector for important
connections by the end of 2010. Telecom market has
building
grown at about 25% per annum over the last 5 years.
Convention
Wireless segment subscriber base grew at 85% per
accommodation and housing colonies, spread all over
annum; fixed line segment at about 10% per annum.
India.
formulation,
planning,
executing,
of telephone connection.
India a Favorite Destination (A Survey on Infrastructure Sector)
projects
Centre
like
Institutional
Buildings,
&
Auditoriums,
residential
Journal of Maharaja Agrasen College of Higher Education
Volume-2, Issue-1, June 2015
Online ISSN 2394 - 4390
A Snapshot on XI Plan in Indian Infrastructure
Sector
XI Plan
Sectors
US
$ Share
Billion
(%)
Electricity (incl. NCE)
166.63
32.35
Roads and Bridges
78.54
15.25
Telecommunications
64.61
12.54
Railways (incl. MRTS)
65.45
12.71
(incl. 64.34
12.49
and 35.93
6.98
Irrigation
Watershed)
Water
supply
Sanitation
Ports
22
4.27
Airports
7.74
1.50
Storage
5.59
1.09
Gas
4.21
0.82
Total US $ Billion
515.05
100
Opportunities in XI Plan
1%
4% 2% 1%
Electricity (incl.
NCE)
7%
32%
12%
Roads and
Bridges
Telecommunicat
ions
13%
13%
15%
Railways (incl.
MRTS)
Irrigation (incl.
Watershed)
India a Favorite Destination (A Survey on Infrastructure Sector)
Journal of Maharaja Agrasen College of Higher Education
Volume-2, Issue-1, June 2015
Online ISSN 2394 - 4390
CHALLENGES
Highlighting the challenges faced by infrastructure
The Infrastructure sector everywhere faces problems
projects in India, global rating agency Fitch said that
and challenges. However, in developing countries like
many of these projects will have to undergo loan
India, these difficulties and challenges are present
restructuring over the next few years. “Fitch expects
alongside a general situation of socio-economic
a fair amount of loan restructuring to take place over
stress,
institutional
the next few years, as a wave of projects exit the
weaknesses and a general inability to deal with the
construction phase and enter operations,” the rating
key issues. There is also evidence that the problems
agency said in a report.
have become greater in extent and severity in recent
Infrastructure sector will face either interest reset or
years. The preserving of environment is a great
loan refinancing dates. This will coincide with the
challenge in a developing country like India, which
ramping up of project usage and revenues, and a more
has a fragile environment that is faced with high
challenging financial market environment, Fitch
levels of land degradation (e.g., erosion, aridity,
added. The rating agency further stated that demand
desertification, drought, flooding etc.). The rapid
for infrastructure will far exceed availability and the
urbanization alongside associated problems like
long-term economic values of many of these assets
pollution of air and pressure on existing infrastructure
remain strong.
with regard to waste management, pose a race against
Many projects carry a heavy debt load, which also
time. Earlier development of infrastructure was
constrains the ratings profile, the report added.
completely in the hands of the public sector and was
However, it said that many rated projects have
plagued by corruption, bureaucratic inefficiencies,
favorable economic profiles, which means having
urban-bias and an inability to scale investment. India's
some debt carrying capacity.
low spending on power, construction, transportation,
Meanwhile, Planning Commission deputy chairman
telecommunications and real estate, at $31 billion or
Montek Singh Ahluwalia on said he would request
6% of GDP in 2002 had prevented India from
government to increase public spending in the
sustaining higher growth rates. This has prompted the
infrastructure sector as private sector investment in
government to partially open up infrastructure to the
the segment has also slowed down. Ahluwalia also
private sector allowing foreign investment which has
said a committee would identify sectors where more
helped in a sustained growth rate of close to 9% for
funds could be provided.
chronic
resource
shortages,
the past six quarters.
India a Favorite Destination (A Survey on Infrastructure Sector)
Journal of Maharaja Agrasen College of Higher Education
Volume-2, Issue-1, June 2015
Online ISSN 2394 - 4390
India as a nation is quite susceptible to all forms of
India, being less affected by the global economic
natural hazards and it’s a one of the biggest
crisis, should persist with the existing arrangements
challenge for Indian Infrastructure sector. Of all these,
of booster packages. Happily, the government has
floods happen to be the most frequent form of natural
taken many innovative steps to promote investment in
disaster faced by the country. Earthquakes cause the
the sector, such as relaxing the norms for FDI into the
most dangerous and most devastating natural disasters
sector, private-public partnerships, toll road systems,
in India. And these Natural Hazards always lead to
etc. Undoubtedly, the situation has changed. But we
immense damage and widespread destruction of
have to do more to upgrade our network into a world-
Infrastructure sector.
class one. In the years ahead, the Infrastructure sector
The urban sectors requires huge investments in urban
in India has to overcome various challenges - be it
infrastructure and new management models that
with respect to housing, environment, transportation,
promote efficient, effective and good quality basic
power or natural hazards. Technocrats associated with
urban services on a sustainable basis should be
the Indian construction industry need to employ
introduced. The twin objectives of accelerating urban
innovative technologies and skilled project handling
infrastructure investments and quickly scaling-up new
strategies
performance-based management models can be
outstanding performance under demanding situations
achieved through well conceived, structured and
in the past will stand in good stead and give
transparently-executed
partnerships
confidence to the Indian Infrastructure sector to bring
(PPP). PPPs are very different from the traditional
about an overall development in the infrastructure of
procurement and project execution process followed
the nation. The gains of large investments in the
in the urban sector by state.
mega-projects eventually will feedback to the
IIFCL, which was set up as an infrastructure sector
construction industry itself in the form of better
finance company, disbursed Rs3,200 crore for various
economy and improved work conditions.
projects
Infrastructure
India, as one of the fastest growing economies, has
Finance Company (IIFCL) said it will provide Rs
recognized the need for all round development in the
6,000 crore for infrastructure projects during the
important
current fiscal (2009-10), which is nearly double the
tremendous opportunities in most of the sectors and
amount disbursed by it during 2008-09.
with innovative options of participation there is
CONCLUSION
quantum leap in participation of foreign companies
during
public-private
2008-09.
Indian
India a Favorite Destination (A Survey on Infrastructure Sector)
to
overcome
infrastructure
these
challenges.
sectors.
There
The
are
Journal of Maharaja Agrasen College of Higher Education
Volume-2, Issue-1, June 2015
Online ISSN 2394 - 4390
who are being welcomed both in Centre and State
projects.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Aggarwal,S., (2003), “Challenges for Construction
Industries in Developing Countries,” Proceedings
of the 6th National Conference on Construction,
10-11 November 2003, New Delhi, CDROM,
Technical Session 5, Paper No.1

Arghadeep Laskar and C. V. R. Murty “Challenges
before Construction Industry in India”

Baderuddin Syed 2003 “ Unlocking emerging
opportunities in Infrastructure Sector”

Batra J.P. Chairman, Railway Board, Government
of India, 40th Annual Meeting of Board of
Governors, Asian Development Bank Kyoto,
Japan.

Haldea Gajendra., (2008) “ Infrastructure in India:
Challenges and Opportunities” New Delhi

Kapur.
B.S.
Managing
Director
IRCON
International Ltd., India “Developments and
Opportunities in Infrastructure- Indian Scenario”

Kapur. P& Sharma A.K.M. “Indian Infrastructure
: Roles of RITES”

Sekhar Bonu “Opportunities and Challenges for
Public-Private Partnerships”
India a Favorite Destination (A Survey on Infrastructure Sector)