What are epigenetic modifications?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the addition of reversible changes to histone proteins and DNA
the removal of nucleosomes from the DNA
the addition of more nucleosomes to the DNA
mutation of the DNA sequence
A
Which of the following are true of epigenetic changes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
allow DNA to be transcribed
move histones to open or close a chromosomal region
are temporary
all of the above
D
The binding of ________ is required for transcription to start.
A.
B.
C.
D.
a protein
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
a transcription factor
C
What will result from the binding of a transcription factor to an enhancer region?
A.
B.
C.
D.
decreased transcription of an adjacent gene
increased transcription of a distant gene
alteration of the translation of an adjacent gene
initiation of the recruitment of RNA polymerase
B
An example of DNA methylation
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
epigenetic inheritance
differential gene expression
genomic imprinting
distal control elements
repressor protein
Promotes chromatin packing
A. acetylation
B.
C.
D.
E.
differential gene expression
operon
epigenetic inheritance
methylation
Inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
genomic imprinting
epigenetic
enhancers
transcription factors
eukaryotic transcription
Enzymes attach acetyl groups to positively charged lysines in the histone tails
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
acetylation
methylation
corepressor
imprinting
splicing
Constitutive genes
A. Are always "off" in all environmental conditions.
B. Are among the most important elements of a cell's genome,
C. Control the ability of DNA to replicate, express itself, and repair itself.
D. Control protein synthesis and much of an organism's central metabolism.
Differences between types of cells in an organism
A. are because of expression of different sets of genes.
B. Are usually because of different types of DNA
C. Only happen with X-inactivation
Histones are
A. The least conserved proteins known
B. Essential for the well-being of eukaryotes
C. have considerable change in their amino acids
D. Can be modified, especially the positively charged amino acids
What is a histone code?
What usually would cause a gene to be turned on.
A. modifications of the histones' positively charged amino acids to create some domains in
B.
C.
D.
E.
which DNA is more open.
modifications of the histones' positively charged amino acids to create some domains in
which DNA is very tightly bound up.
DNA methylation
Small noncoding RNAs
Acetylation of the tails of histone molecules
Specific proteins, called transcription factors, bind to specific DNA sequences if the DNA is open
and accessible. These have at least two domains:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Effector domain
Zinc finger domain
DNA binding domain
Microarray domain
Imprinting is
A.
B.
C.
D.
Activation of non-transcribing genes
Methylated DNA
Silencing of one of the two alleles of a gene
Loss of telomeres during development.
Chromatin remodeling
A. Involves opening the chromatin at specific places
B. Is not important for the functioning of eukaryote cells
C. Can involve different types of histones
D. Involves protein complexes
Remodeler protein complexes
A.
B.
C.
D.
All use ATP
stop the nucleosome from moving during remodeling
expose DNA to regulatory factors
binds approximately 40 base pairs outside the nucleosome
What is a CpG group? Why is important in epigenetics?
Which is true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Methylation of histones always increases transcription.
Acetylation of histones always increases transcription.
Methylaion of histones sometimes increases and sometimes decreases transcription.
Methylation and acetylation do not change transcription.