Spring Physics Final Review
Name:
Period:
This review counts for 40% of the final exam grade. Passing the final exam without completing it will be very hard. This
review is not fully comprehensive. It is recommended that you review all chapters, notes, and formulas from this
semester in addition to this review. It must be completed in full and turned in no later than the time and date of your
final exam.
Gravitation and Circular Motion
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 =
(𝐺)(𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠1 )(𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠2 )
(𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 2 )
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
(𝐺)(𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠)
(𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠2 )
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = (𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠)(𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦)
1. Lily (20 kg) and Mickey (15 kg) are 2 meters apart. What is the gravitational force between them?
2. True or false: the moon is a projectile that is falling around the Earth because it has a tangential velocity.
3. If an object is spinning in a circle, is the centripetal force towards or away from the circle’s center?
4. If the radius of a planet is decreased, its gravity __________________________.
5. If gravity is increased, then your weight will __________________________.
6. If the mass of the Earth decreased, its gravitational force would __________________________.
7. What does the Earth rotate around? What does the Earth revolve around?
Work, Power, and Energy
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 = (𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒)(𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =
𝑃𝐸 = (𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠)(𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦)(ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =
(𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒)(𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
(𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒)
(𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘)
(𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒)
1
2
𝐾𝐸 = ( ) (𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠)(𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 2 )
8. How much force does it take to lift an object 8 meters with 240 Joules of energy?
9. How much work does it take to move a 20 Newton crate 5 meters?
10. How much power does it generate to move a 20 Newton crate 5 meters in 4 seconds?
11. What is the kinetic energy of a 10 kg object moving at 2 m/s?
12. What is the gravitational potential energy of a 3 kg object at 10 m above the ground?
13. How much time does it take to run 200 meters if they do 50 J of work and generate 25 W of power?
14. The work done increases by __________________________ times if you triple the force and double the
distance.
15. Define work. What is its formula?
16. Define power. What is its formula?
17. Define gravitational potential energy. What is its formula?
18. Define law of conservation of energy.
19. According to the law of conservation of energy, if an object starts with 200 J of PE and no heat is generated, how
much KE will it have after an energy conversion?
Momentum and Collisions
(𝑚1 )(𝑣𝑖1 ) + (𝑚2 )(𝑣𝑖2 ) = (𝑣𝑓 )(𝑚1 + 𝑚2 )
𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 = (𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠)(𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦)
𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 = (𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒)(𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒)
20. If an object has a momentum of 50 kg m/s and a mass of 10 kg, what is its speed/velocity?
21. If an object has a momentum of 50 kg m/s and is moving at 5 m/s, what is its mass?
22. A 2 kg ball at 3 m/s collides with a 10 kg ball at rest. What is their combined velocity after the collision? What is
their momentum after the collision?
23. True or false: if an object’s momentum changes, then a force is acting on it and it is accelerating.
24. True or false: an elastic collision generates no heat, no sound, no deformation, no shape change, no light, and no
loss of energy.
25. Define momentum. What is its formula?
26. If two objects have the same velocity but object A has a larger mass than object B, which would have more
momentum?
27. Define impulse. What is its formula?
28. If an object collides with a second object of equal mass but no initial velocity in an inelastic collision, their final
combined velocity will be
a. Equal to the first object’s initial velocity
b. One half the first object’s initial velocity
c. Twice the first object’s initial velocity
29. Impulse increases momentum. So what two factors that create impulse can be increased in order to increase
momentum?
30. Lily (20 kg) and Mickey (10 kg) are on roller skates. They stand facing each other holding hands. They push apart.
Which one will have the higher velocity?
31. The reaction force is the __________________________ in magnitude as the action force.
32. During a collision an impulse is applied. Impulse = force x time. Many safety features of cars are designed to
increase which part of the impulse thereby decreasing which part?
Electric Fields and Forces
(𝑘)(𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒1 )(𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒2 )
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 =
(𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 2 )
33. Like charges __________________________ and opposite charges __________________________. Electrons
are __________________________ charged and protons are __________________________ charged.
34. “The force between any two charged particles varies directly on the size of the charges and inversely with the
square of the distance between the charges” is ____________________________________________________.
35. When distance is increased, electrical force __________________________.
Circuits
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡)(𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
𝑅𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 ….
𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡)(𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒)
1
𝑅𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙
=
1
𝑅1
+
1
𝑅2
+
1
….
𝑅3
36. Given 10 Ω and 20 Ω, calculate the total resistance in a series circuit and a parallel circuit.
37. Given 6 amps and 2 ohms, calculate voltage.
38. Given 9 volts and 3 ohms, calculate current.
39. Given 12 volts and 4 ohms, calculate resistance.
40. Given 120 volts and 2 amps, calculate electrical power.
41. List the components of a complete circuit.
42. What is the difference between an open and closed circuit?
43. What is a series circuit?
44. What is a parallel circuit?
45. What is the symbol for a resistor, a wire, a battery, and a switch in a schematic diagram?
46. A circuit in which each resistor has the same current is a __________________________ circuit. A circuit in
which each resistor has its own separate current it is a __________________________ circuit.
47. In a __________________________ circuit the total resistance is larger than the individual resistances. In a
__________________________ circuit the total resistance is smaller than the individual resistances.
48. The more devices you connect in __________________________ the more the current decreases. The more
devices you connect in __________________________ the more the current increases.
49. When Christmas lights are wired in __________________________ a burned out bulb will shut down the whole
string.
50. Light bulbs wired in a __________________________ circuit will be brighter than those in a
__________________________circuit.
51. Higher power electrical devices use __________________________ current than lower power devices.
Magnetism
52. What two fields surround an electron?
53. List 3 ways to create a permanent magnet.
54. Define magnetic domain.
55. How do magnetic domains determine if a ferromagnetic substance is magnetic or not?
56. Why can a magnet attract unmagnetized objects?
57. What happens when you break a magnet in half?
58. Where is the magnetic field strongest on a bar magnet? Does its strength increase or decrease with distance?
59. Which poles of a magnet attract? Which poles repel?
60. What are the parts of an electromagnet?
61. Cosmic rays follow Earth’s magnetic field. So where would they be concentrated?
Modern Physics
𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = (𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠)(𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 2 )
62. What is the speed of light? Does it ever change?
63. What does the equation e=mc2 say about the relationship between energy and matter?
64. Light is both a __________________________ and a __________________________.
65. Define photoelectric effect.
66. What color of light can produce the photoelectric effect in a photocell? What color cannot?
67. What are at least 4 uses for the photoelectric effect?
68. Define nuclear fission.
69. Define nuclear fusion.
70. During nuclear fusion the attractive fundamental force that holds the nucleus together is overcome by the
repelling fundamental force between opposite charged particles. What are these two forces?