AP Biology Spring Semester
Unit 6 Assessment Study Guide
Unit 6, Gene Activity and Biotechnology
Chapter 16-Molecular Basis of Hereditary
Chapter 17-From Gene to Protein
Chapter 18-Regulation of Gene Expression (BACTERIA)
Chapter 19-Viruses (INDEPENDENT)
Chapter 20-Biotechnology
 Structure and function of DNA
1. Nucleotides: phosphate, deoxyribose sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases
2. List the four nitrogenous bases and Chargaff’s rules (rules of base pairing)
3. Antiparallel and 5’->3’ direction? Complimentary strands and 3’->5’ direction?
 Transformation: What is it? Who contributed to the discovery of this phenomena?
 Processes of Replication, Transcription and Translation: Central Dogma of protein synthesis
o Semiconservative model of DNA replication
 Describe the process of replication, including enzymes involved/steps
o Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell replication
 Steps involved in transcription, including enzymes
o Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription
 mRNA editing: What does this involve?
1. Introns vs. exons
2. Spliceosome complex: What does it do? What is it made of?
3. Addition of 5’ cap and 3’ polyA tail
 Translation of both prokaryotics and eukaryotic cells
1. Purpose of tRNA
2. Component parts of a ribosome: small and large subunits
3. EPA sites in large ribosomal subunit
Biotechnology
 Lab 6 A and Lab 6 B: Transformation and DNA Fingerprinting-Summarize the labs
o GFP lab-function of plasmids
o Gel electrophoresis: Purpose?
 Purpose of Restriction enzymes? Definition? Restriction site? Palindrome?
 Describe biotechnology advances used in biomedicine/science
Process of Replication, Transcription and TranslationYou should be able to define or describe:
Replication, transcription, translation, DNA polymerase I/III, helicase, Griffith, transformation, primase, RNA
polymerase, ssbp’s, ligase, snRNP’s, mRNA, tRNA, ribosome, large ribosomal subunit, E site, P site, A site, small
ribosomal subunit, spliceosome, poly-A tail, 5’ cap, leading strand, lagging strand, Okazaki fragments, replication
fork, replication bubble, 5’-3’ direction, RNA editing, exons, introns, bacteriophage, Watson and Crick, Mendelson
and Stahl, semiconservative model of replication