“Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding ‚ Vol. 7 ‚ No. 1 ‚ 2011“
In vitro Culture Optimization of Capsicum annuum L.
H. Nikkhoo1, A. Mohammadi1, H. Rahnama2, B. Abbaszadeh3
Abstract
With the notice to a papper plant is one of the most important medical plants in
Iran and hasn't done a cansiderable research about direct regeneration, this study
was designed. In this study were used Pepper's hypocotyl and cotyledon explants.
Direct regeneration of the explants on MS medium containing different amounts of
auxin and Sytokenin were examined. For examine direct regeneration two
capsicum annuum L. ecotype with two kinds of explant and five different growth
regulator combinition was performed with factorial experiment in the form of
randomized completely design with three replications. Most direct regeneration
were obtained on MS medium containing 6 mg.l-1 BAP with 1 mg.l-1 IBA from
hypocotyl explant. Rooting also was carried out in MS medium without hormones.
Key words: Capsicum annuum L., Explant, direct regeneration, Growth regulator
1. Department of Plant Breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2. Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran
3. Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Kara
1
“Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding ‚ Vol. 7 ‚ No. 1 ‚ 2011“
Reaction of some wheat commercial varieties and advanced lines to septoria
tritici isolates
M. A. Makhdomi1, R. Mehrabi2, M. Khodarahmi1, M. R. Bihamta3, S. J. Zad4
Abstract
Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the ascomycete Mycosphaerella graminicola is a
hetrotalic bipolar fungi which in some part of Iran cause economic loss periodically. In this
experiment reaction of 43 genotypes contain 25 tetraploid advance lines and 18 commercial
bread wheat cultivars to 6 Iranian isolates under greenhouse condition was evaluated at the
seedling stage in two separate experiments. Significance Results of genotype × isolate interaction
indicated the different between isolates and the different reaction of genotypes to M.graminicola
isolates. Results of the reaction of genotypes to isolates showed that most of tetraploid lines and
commercial hexaploid wheat are susceptible to isolates and there is some specific reaction
between some genotypes and isolates, in this study Marvdasht commercial bread wheat cultivar
was known as a high resistant hexaploid cultivar and Aria as a tetraploid wheat.
Key words: Septoria tritici bloth, commercial coultivar, seedling stage
1- Department of plant breeding, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2- Seed and plant improvement institute
3- Department of plant breeding, University of Tehran
4- Department of plant pathology, University of Tehran
2
“Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding ‚ Vol. 7 ‚ No. 1 ‚ 2011“
Evaluation of barley tolerant genotypes to drought stress in Karaj region
A. Afzalifar1 , M. Zahravi2, M. R. Bihamta3
Abstract
In order to evaluation and identification of tolerant Iranian Hordeum spontaneum genotypes to
drought stress in Karaj region this research were conducted in farm of Karaj seed and plant
improvement institute. Effects of two different irrigation treatment were done in Karaj using
randomize complete block design in 3 replications in one year. Irrigation treatments were under
normal and drought stress condition. The results of simple variance analysis in normal condition
showed significant different between plant height, number of grain, biomass, spike length and
harvest index indices. In addition, genotypes in number of grain, grain yield and spike height
traits had significant difference between drought stress conditions. In both condition genotype ×
environment interaction in plant height, biomass, spike length and grain yield had significant
difference that showed genotypes to irrigation condition had difference reaction. All of the traits
except harvest index in both condition showed positive and significant correlation with grain
yield.
Keywords: Iranian Hordeum spontaneum, drought stress, traits correlation
1 - Department of plant breeding, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2 - Research Seed and Plant Improvement institute, Karaj, Iran
3 - Department of plant breeding, University of Tehran
3
“Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding ‚ Vol. 7 ‚ No. 1 ‚ 2011“
Callusogenesis investigation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.)
M. M. Soltani pool1, A. Mohammadi1, H. Rahnama2, B. Abbaszade3
Abstract
In this research callus induction under in vitro condition in medicinal plant, lemon
balm (Melissa officinalis L.) has been considered as a preliminary method for
modification of this plant. For this purpose factorial expriment based on
completely randomize design has been used with factors, ecotype (Isfahan and
Karaj), origin of explant (leaf, petiol, internode), Lighting conditions (light and
dark), 2, 4-D (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mg/l) and BAP (0, 1, 2 mg/l) with three replications.
Results showed that the best hormonal treatment for callus induction in lemon
balm was 1mg/l 2, 4-D + 1mg/l BAP for internodes and petiole in light condition.
After that, use of leaf explants with 0.5mg/l 2, 4-D + 1mg/l BAP in dark and then
light condition was the best.
Key words: Lemon balm, Callus, 2, 4-D, BAP
1- Department of plant breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2 - Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran
3- Research Institute of Forest and Rangland, Karaj, Iran
4
“Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding ‚ Vol. 7 ‚ No. 1 ‚ 2011“
Study on resistance of wheat commercial cultivars to yellow rust to some
isolates (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) from different regions of Iran
A. Omrani1 , M. Khodarahmi 1, F. Afshari 2
Abstract
To breed for resistant cultivars of wheat to yellow rust disease, it is necessary to
determine characteristic of the disease pathosystem pathogencity. In this study virulence
factors was determined of six pathotypes of yellow rust that has been collected from
regions Zarghan, Gorgan, Ardebil, Mamasani, Sari, Hamedan with using from Standard
set and near Isogenic lines of wheat yellow rust. Also resistance of some wheat
commercial cultivars was evaluated with that pathotypes. Experimenter materials in
seedling stage, the stage 12 from Zadoks scale were inoculated with six pathotypes
separate. In all plants, resistance components including latent period (days from
inoculation to first pustule eruption) and Infection type were recorded after appearance of
pustules on leaves. Analysis of variance showed significant difference among of these
cultivars for all traits to all pathotypes. Wheat line Mv17 and cultivars, Sivand, Parsi,
Dena and Morvarid were resistant to all races that provide seedling resistance sources to
these pathotypes. To genetic study resistance of wheat genotypes, virulence and
avirulance factors was identified by determining of pathotypes, by reaction of genotypes
to this pathotypes compared and from comparisoning that identified probability existence
of resistance genes. Achieved result for plant of carrier genes YrA, Yr25, Yr23, Yr22, Yr9,
Yr7, Yr6, Yr2, virulence observed in all of regions understanding and in plant of carrier
gens YrCV, YrSP, Yr15, Yr10, Yr5, Yr4, Yr3, Yr1, virulence did not observe in six of
pathotypes. genes that resistance in all of regions are introduce as a source resistance of
effective gene for using along with genes that are responsible of effective resistance in
adult plant stage.
Key words: Wheat, Yellow rust, Virulence factors, Infection type, Resistance
1. Department of Plant Breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute
5
“Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding ‚ Vol. 7 ‚ No. 1 ‚ 2011“
Effect of NaCl-Induced salinity on biomass of bread wheat cultivars in
seedling stage
G. Zadoorian1, M. Khodarahmi 1, A. Amini 2, K. Mostafavi 1
Abstract
The soil and irrigation water salinity is a major problem for crop producing in world dry & semi dry
regions under salinity stress. In order to study of salinity stress on bread wheat cultivars in seedling stage,
47 cultivars and (Rye cultivar & Durum wheat cultivar as check cultivars) were assessed in factorial
experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Tap water was used for
control (0 ds/m), and an increasing concentration of NaCl in water, up to an EC of 5 and 10 ds/m was
used to represent the salinity treatments. Measured traits were included: Root dry weight, leaf dry weight
and Biomass dry weight. Irrigation of pots continued until 4 leaf stage and at this time all of the existed
leafs was harvested. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the cultivars and salinity
levels. But the interaction of genotype × salinity showed non-significant differences in measured traits.
Boolani & Sistan cultivars were known salt tolerant wheat cultivars were found superior with respect to
root and leaf dry weight and also to biomass. The results also indicated that the Aria & Yavaroos cultivars
had lowest root, leaf and biomass dry weight. The cluster analysis classified cultivars in 5 groups and the
correlation of all traits were significant and positive. It seems that salt tolerance mechanism in resistant
cultivars differs from that of sensitive when subjected to harsh salt stress conditions.
Key words: Wheat, Biomass, Salinity stress, Seedling stage
1- Department of plant breeding, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2- Seed and plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran
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“Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding ‚ Vol. 7 ‚ No. 1 ‚ 2011“
Factor analysis for grain yield and other traits in durum wheat
A. Naghdipour1, M. Khodarahmi2, A. Porshahbazi3, M. Esmaeilzade4
Abstract
Durum wheat is one of the most important cereal crops of the world which is
cultivated in the semi-arid parts of the world. Durum wheat has made up 10% of
the world wheat cultivation and has shown a more desirable adaptability to the
semi-arid climatic conditions compared with bread wheat. One of the successful
factors in breeding programs is the knowledge of treat inheritability through
determining the type of inbreeding approach and the feasibility of evaluation in
different generations. To do so, 17 developed lines of Durum wheat in
Randomized Complete block design in 2 & 4 replications during two consecutive
years were cultivated and evaluated on the farm of SEED and Plant Improvement
INSTITUTE IN KARAJ . To find out about the internal relationships of traits and to
determine the group of variables with the highest correlation, factor analysis with
the use of principle components and varimax method was used. As a result, forth
independent factors were responsible for the changes. Also factor analysis showed
grain yield, biological yield and morphological yield were important for selection
appropriate genotypes.
Keyword: Durum wheat, Grain yield, Factor analysis
1_2_ Department of plant breeding, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
3-4_ Researcher and Assistant Professor of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj
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“Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding ‚ Vol. 7 ‚ No. 1 ‚ 2011“
Study on grain yield and related traits in new corn (Zea mays L.) hybrid
varieties using statistical multivariate analysis
M. Ashofteh beiragi1, S. Khavari Khorasani2, K. Mostafavi3, M. Golbashy4, A. Alizadeh5
Abstract
In this study 18 new corn varieties consist of 15 foreign early and mid mature
single cross hybrids and 3 Iranian commercial hybrids (KSC704, KSC647and
DC370) were evaluated at two sowing date (5 and 20 June) based on RCBD with 3
replications at Khorasan Razavi Agricultural Research Center, Mashhad, Iran on
2008 and 2009. The results showed significant differences between hybrids, years
and different sowing dates. Means comparison using Duncan’s multiple range tests
showed that the best hybrid in total yield was EXP1. Further, DC370 and
OSSK602 had the lowest grain yield. Results showed that the 5 June sowing date
was better than 20 June about kernel no./row, 300-kernel weight, kernel depth and
grain yield traits. Simple correlation coefficients showed that the yield was
positively and significantly correlated with plant height, ear height, kernel no./row,
ear length and leaves number traits. Using principal component analysis were
identified four and four components of variance (with 69.75 and 69.45 percentage).
Results of cluster analysis using Wards’ method divided the corn hybrids into
several different clusters.
Key words: Grain yield, Year, Sowing date, Correlation, Principal component
analysis, Cluster analysis.
1
- M.Sc of Plant Breeding, University of Zabol
- Assistant prof of khorasan razavi agricultural Research and natural resources Center, mashhad, Iran
3
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
4
- Ph. D. Student of Nanobiotechnology - University of Tehran
5
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad,
Iran
2
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“Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding ‚ Vol. 7 ‚ No. 1 ‚ 2011“
Study response of corn single cross hybrids to drought stress using
multivariate statistical analysis
K. Mostafavi1, M. Golbashy2, S. Khavari Khorasani3
Abstract
In order to study effect of drought stress on morphologic traits, yield and yield components of 6
S.C hybrids of corn, an experiment was carried out on based of complete randomized block
design with three replication under drought stress condition in Khorasan razavi agricultural
Research and natural resources institute mashhad, Iran on 2010. Results of analysis of variance
showed that there are significant different between all hybrids for all traits. Results of hybrid
means comparison showed that S.C704 hybrid was better than others in total leaf number, ear
length, row number per ear and yield traits. Regression coefficient showed that ear weight was
the highest positive direct effect and cob weight was the highest negative direct effect on total
yield. Factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed and sex common factor have been
extracted, which describe most of traits variation. First and second factor nomination as ear
morphological traits and yield respectively. Cluster analysis with Ward’s method, arrangement
hybrids into three different groups. In general results of this experiment showed that, S.C 701
and 704 hybrids of grain corn was better than all evaluated hybrid about tolerance to drought
stress under Mashhad climate condition.
Keywords: Grain yield, Stepwise regression, Simple correlation, Factor analysis, Cluster
analysis
1 - Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2 - Ph. D. Student of Nanobiotechnology - University of Tehran
3 - Assistant Prof of Khorasan Razavi Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Institute, Mashhad, Iran
9
“Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding ‚ Vol. 7 ‚ No. 1 ‚ 2011“
Study of genetic diversity and factor analysis for grain yield and other
morphological traits under drought stress condition
R. Sadegh Ghol Moghadam *1, M. Khodarahmi2, G. H. Ahmadi 3
Abstract
In order to study of relation among morphological characters and evaluate of grain
yield potential in bread wheat genotypes under post-anthesis drought stress
condition and study of relationship between traits with grain yield, 401bread wheat
genotype provided by international maze and wheat improvement center
(CYMMIT) were evaluated in Kermanshah region in 2008-2009. Result of
descriptive analysis showed the most genotypic variation coefficient belong to
thousand kernel weight. Correlation of coefficient defined thousand kernel
weights, number of spike per m2 and maturity had the positive and significant
correlation. Based on factor analysis via principle component basis eign values
three factors entered. This factor with regard to grain yield explains 65.571% and
without grain yield explains 65.105% of data total variance. Also factor analysis
show grain yield, yield components and relevant traits to early maturity (heading
and days to maturity) were important for selection of appropriate genotypes in
drought condition. The cluster analysis divided the genotyps to 18 clusters.
Key words: bread wheat, diversity, factor analysis, cluster analysis and drought
stress.
1- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
3- Kermanshah Agriculture Research Center
10