MC Questions (20 marks, 1 marks each)
1.Which statement about blood vessels is correct?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Arteries have valves which stop blood flowing backwards
Veins have valves which stop blood flowing forwards
Veins have a narrow lumen because they carry less blood
Arteries have elastic walls to withstand high pressure
2.What is the name of the blood vessel that leads into the right atrium?
A)
B)
C)
D)
pulmonary artery
aorta
pulmonary vein
vena cava
3.The haemoglobin in a red blood cell helps it to....
A)
B)
C)
D)
fight infection
clot blood
carry carbon dioxide
carry oxygen
4.Which of these carries blood with the highest concentration of oxygen?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Pulmonary vein
5.What is the name of the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
A)
B)
C)
D)
septum valve
bicuspid valve
semilunar valve
tricuspid valve
6.Which of the following statements is true?
A)
B)
C)
D)
White blood cells do not have a nucleus
Haemoglobin is a red pigment
Platelets do have a nucleus
In the organs oxygen combines with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin
7.Capillaries allow substances to pass between blood and body cells because they have...
A)
B)
C)
D)
elastic walls
very thin walls
a large surface area
valves
8.Which of the following is NOT transported in the plasma
A)
B)
C)
D)
carbon dioxide from the organs to the lungs
urea from the liver to the kidneys
products of digestion from the small intestine to other organs
oxygen from the heart to the lungs
9.Your pulse is caused by...
A)
B)
C)
D)
blood being pumped along a vein
air being pumped along an artery
blood being pumped along an artery
blood being pumped along a capillary
10.Which heart chamber has the thickest muscle?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Left atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
11.The correct order for the movement of blood through a heart is
A)
B)
C)
D)
LA, LV, RV, RA
RA, LV, LA, RV
LV, RA, RV, LA
RV, LA, RA, LV
12.Which of the following substances leaves blood as it passes through capillaries in organs like the
liver or pancreas
A)
B)
C)
D)
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Starch
Urea
13.If the volume of the left ventricle is 50cm3 and the resting heart rate is 70 beats per minute what
volume of blood (cm3) will leave the left ventricle of a resting man in 10 minutes?
A)
B)
C)
D)
350
3500
35000
350000
14.Which of the following is the correct order of blood vessels arranged from lowest pressure to highest
pressure
A)
B)
C)
D)
vein, venule, capillary, artery
venule, vein, artery, capillary
vein, arteriole, venule, capillary
artery, capillary, venule, vein
15.Which of the following is an effect of regular exercise?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Recovery takes longer
Resting heart rate gets faster
Lungs grow much larger
Resting heart muscles contract harder
16.More blood is delivered to leg muscles during exercise because
A)
B)
C)
D)
more water is needed for sweating
more oxygen is needed by muscle cells
warmer muscles work faster
active muscles need more lactic acid
17.Humans have a double circulatory system. The advantage of this is
A)
B)
C)
D)
it oxygenates blood
it removes carbon dioxide easily
it keeps blood pressure high in body capillaries
it keeps lung tissue living
18.The blood vessel walls with the highest proportion of elastic tissue are found in
A)
B)
C)
D)
Arteries
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
19.Which of the following is in highest concentration in the pulmonary vein?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Oxygen
Haemoglobin
Oxyhaemoglobin
Deoxyhaemoglobin
20.Which of the following substances is not transported in blood plasma?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Urea
Oxygen
Glycogen
Glucose
Short Answer Questions (23 marks)
1. Apart from any inherited tendency towards coronary heart disease, what are thought to be the four
main risk factors? (4marks)
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2. How do white blood cells differ from red blood cells
(a) in their structure, (3 marks)
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(b) their function? (3 marks)
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3. Describe in detail which parts of the circulatory system are there valves? (4 marks)
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4. Read the following statement and choice the appropriate answer(s); (2 marks)
Oxyhaemoglobin is an unstable substance and breaks down easily to oxygen and haemoglobin.
Because of its instability oxyhaemoglobin
(a) can carry extra oxygen
(b) readily picks up oxygen from the1ungs
(c) readily gives up oxygen to body cells
(d) is quickly broken down in the liver.
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5 Name two substances carried in the plasma. (2 marks)
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6 Read the following statement and choice the appropriate answer(s); (2 marks)
Some students carried out an experiment to compare the effect of exercise on the heart rate of girls
and boys. They sent the class out for a run and measured their pulse rates when they came back.
This was a poorly designed experiment. Which of the following design features is least likely to have
affected the results?
(a) The students did not do the same amount of exercise.
(b) Their resting heart rate was not measured.
(c) Their breathing rates were not compared.
(d) No account was taken of body weight.
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7 Briefly describe the principal lines of defence against bacteria entering the blood system. (3 marks)
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8. Read the following extracts taken from an article on 'Cholesterol test for heart disease "does
not work"'.
A study of middle-aged men in Britain has cast doubt on a widely-held opinion of heart specialists
throughout the world. The study shows that the presence of a certain type of cholesterol in the blood is
no indication of whether or not a person will develop heart disease. Previously, heart specialists,
especially in the US, have thought that low levels of the cholesterol are dangerous, and that high levels
actually protect a person from developing heart disease.
Cholesterol can be split into two major types: high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density
lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Doctors do not dispute that cholesterol as such can lead to heart disease,
but, up to now, they have thought that it is the LDL type that is dangerous. Studies in the
US,Scandinavia and Israel have indicated that HDL cholesterol could be good for you. People with low
levels of HDL cholesterol in the blood seemed to be at greater risk of developing heart disease than
those with high levels. In fact, some heart specialists have even suggested that high levels of HDL
cholesterol in the blood may actually protect against heart disease. As a result, some doctors,
especially in the US, believe that measuring levels of HDL cholesterol in the blood can be used to
predict whether a person is likely to develop heart disease. Researchers from the Royal Free Hospital
Medical School in London have shattered this belief.
The results of the first study in Britain on levels of HDL cholesterol in men at risk of developing heart
disease show that it is not a major factor affecting the development of heart disease. Shaper
emphasises that the results do not indicate that cholesterol is cleared of blame for helping to cause
heart disease: 'We are saying "Look at the total cholesterol", without taking into account levels of HDL.'
However, other researchers in Britain are taking a cautious approach to the new results. An editorial
published in The Lancet says that it 'may be premature to conclude that HDL is not a significant risk
factor in British men'.
The editorial says that the British Regional Heart Study differs from other studies in the way it takes
samples of HDL cholesterol from the blood. This, it says, may have affected the results.
The Lancet also points to the fact that samples of blood in the study have to travel considerable
distances before an analysis is made. This, it says, must have delayed the preparation of some of the
blood samples, which may have also affected the results.
© NEW SCIENTIST
Note: Lipoproteins are a combination of lipids and proteins. Much of the lipid in the blood
is in the form of lipoprotein. Cholesterol is a lipid.
(a) What are the two forms of cholesterol in the blood? (1 marks)
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(b) Which of these two forms is considered, by some doctors, to be associated with an
increased risk of heart disease? (2 marks)
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(b) What are the views of the research team at the Royal Free Hospital Medical School? (3 marks)
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(d) What reasons are suggested for the difference between their views and those of other
researchers? (3 marks)
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