Science Final Exam Review
1.
When conducting an experiment explain the steps for
the scientific method (include the term variables in
your answer).
1-Make an observation
2-Identify a question
3-Gather info/research
4-Form a hypothesis (which can be tested)
5-Plan & do an experiment
6-Collect data (plan how you will record your data)
7-Analyze the data
8-Draw conclusions
Variables are factors that can be changed in an
experiment, and the independent variable is the one
that is changed/tested.
2.
Explain how scientists can organize their findings
from their experiments.
Scientists can use graphs, charts, & tables to
organize the data. (Reports explain.)
3.
List 3 examples of fossil fuels & discuss the
disadvantages.
Coal, oil, & gas are fossil fuels. They are nonrenewable and pollute the environment. (increasing
CO2 levels in the atmosphere)
4.
List alternative energy sources & the advantages as
well as the disadvantages of each.
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5.
Solar-(adv)inexhaustible (always there),
(dis)expensive
Wind-(adv)inexhaustible (always have uneven
heating of Earth’s surface), no pollution,
(dis)windmills produce noise & can kill birds
Geothermal-(adv)inexhaustible (center of Earth
will remain hot),
(dis)power plants can only be built in certain
areas around the world
Hydroelectric-(adv)inexhaustible,
(dis)disturbs water ecosystems – poor fish
Compare & contrast kinetic energy with potential
energy (mention speed of particles).
Science Final Exam Review
Energy of motion is kinetic energy. The faster the
particles move, the more kinetic energy it has. The
energy stored in an object due to its position is
potential energy. The higher the object the more
potential energy it has. The more mass an object has
the more kinetic and potential energy it has also.
6.
List all forms of energy & provide examples of each.
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Chemical-energy stored in food (photosynthesis)
Thermal-hot chocolate has more energy than cold
water
Radiant-sunlight
Electrical-electricity from an outlet
Nuclear-energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
7.
What is the definition of work? (See Steno)
8.
List all simple machines & provide examples of each.
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9.
Incline plane-flat, sloped surface
(pyramid, ramp)
Wedge-inclined plane that moves (knife, axe,
doorstop, teeth)
Screw-inclined plane wrapped around a post
(screw, light bulb)
Lever- rigid rod or plank that pivots or rotates
about a fixed point, fulcrum (see-saw, baseball
bat, wheel barrow, scissors)
Wheel & Axel-two circular objects that are
attached in such a way that they rotate together
(doorknob, faucet handle, ferris wheel)
Pulley-grooved wheel with a rope or cable
wrapped over it (sail, window blind, flagpole)
A matchbox car races down an inclined plane. Now add
sandpaper to the inclined plane. What will happen to
the matchbox car’s speed as it attempts to race down
the inclined plane again?
Its kinetic energy will decrease & its potential
energy will increase. The car’s speed will slow due
to increased friction.
10. Write the definition of matter.
See steno.
Science Final Exam Review
11. Write the definition of temperature. See Steno.
12. If you mix warm water with cold water what will
happen to the cold water?
The cold water will get warmer because heat energy
moves from warmer regions to cooler regions.
13. Define specific heat and give examples. See Steno and
include sand (low specific heat) and water (high
specific heat).
Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a
substance. Water has a high specific heat & sand has
a low specific heat. Water’s temperature changes
slowly, while sands temperature changes quickly.
14. Define condensation. See Steno.
15. Explain the 3 main states of matter & what happens in
each (particles & speed).
Gas-no definite shape or volume; particles move at
high speeds in all directions, least densely packed
Liquid-definite volume but no definite shape; can
flow easily; particles are loosely packed
Solid-definite shape & volume; tightly packed
particles that vibrate in place
16. Use the terms force & pressure in the same sentence.
As the force increases over a given area, the
pressure increases.
17. Define insulator. See Steno.
18. Define conductor & provide an example of a good one.
A conductor is any material that easily transfers
heat. Metals are excellent conductors.
19. Define convection. See Steno.
20. Define conduction. See Steno.
Science Final Exam Review
21. Define radiation & explain why Earth’s surface
doesn’t receive the same amount of radiation.
Radiation occurs when energy is transferred by
electromagnetic waves. Earth’s surface is curved, so
all areas do not receive the same amount of
radiation. This leads to uneven heating of the
Earth’s surface causing wind.
22. Describe the relationship between warm air & cold air
& density.
Warm air is less dense than cold air. Therefore its
particles are further apart, so it rises. This
causes convection currents (movement of air).
23. Define evaporation & explain what can form when this
happens.
Evaporation takes place when a liquid changes to a
gas. The vapor rises, then cools & condenses so
clouds can form.
24. Define precipitation. See Steno.
25. Define weather. See Steno.
26. Why do areas of high pressure equal fair weather?
Sinking motion in high-pressure air masses makes it
difficult for air to rise & clouds to form. That’s
why high pressure usually means good weather.
27. What is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
A barometer measures atmospheric pressure.
28. Define relative humidity. See Steno.
29. Compare & contrast a tornado & a hurricane.
A tornado is a violent whirling windstorm that
crosses the land in a narrow path, while a hurricane
is a large severe, storm that forms over tropical
oceans, has winds of at least 120 km/h, & loses power
when it reaches land.
30. Define homeostasis. See Steno.
Science Final Exam Review
31. What do organisms need to survive?
Organisms need a place to live (shelter), water, &
food.
32. What do you know about cells (include cell theory &
the sequence of cells & systems)?
Cells = smallest unit of an organism that can carry
on life functions. All living things are made up of
cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, & all
cells come from other cells.
Cells -> tissue, tissues -> organs, organs -> organ
systems, organ systems make up the living organism.
33. Where will you find the hereditary material in a
cell?
The hereditary material is in the DNA of chromosomes
inside the nucleus.
34. Explain the job of the mitochondria.
The “mighty” mitochondria are the powerhouse of the
cell. They are organelles where food is broken down,
which releases energy. They are found in ALL cells.
The process is known as respiration where oxygen is
taken in to break down the sugar molecules to release
the energy stored in it.
35. Define photosynthesis (explain all materials needed
to make food).
When light/radiant energy, water, & carbon dioxide
combine in the chloroplasts of plant cells they make
energy-rich molecules (sugar/glucose).
36. Compare & contrast a plant cell with an animal cell.
A plant cell has a cell wall with a rigid structure
and chloroplasts that are the sites of
photosynthesis, while an animal cell has only a cell
Science Final Exam Review
membrane so it has an irregular shape. Animal cells
do not produce their own food. Plant cells usually
have larger vacuoles to store food.
Check Mark
Question Mark
Science Final Exam Review
*Tornados occur over land
*Homeostasis