Conservation Management Zones of Australia Tasman Temperate Forests Prepared by the Department of the Environment ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project and associated products are the result of a collaboration between the Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of the Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE, Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (ABARES), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice. Special thanks to CSIRO staff Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns enabled identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia. © Commonwealth of Australia, 2015. The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people. For licence conditions see here. Contents Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ................................................................ 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4 Zone at a glance .......................................................................................................................... 5 Population characteristics .......................................................................................................... 10 Employment, volunteering and incomes .................................................................................... 15 Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice .................. 18 Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas ............................................. 21 Zone vegetation characteristics ................................................................................................. 24 Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands............................................................................... 25 World and National Heritage ...................................................................................................... 27 Major National Reserve System properties................................................................................ 28 EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities ............................................................... 29 EPBC Act (1999) threatened species ........................................................................................ 30 EPBC Act (1999) migratory species .......................................................................................... 36 Threatened endemic species ..................................................................................................... 38 Invasive species ........................................................................................................................ 43 Vegetation profiles and management recommendations ........................................................... 45 Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country. Introduction The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia. The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action. The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps. The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders. Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socioeconomic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively. The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information. Zone at a glance Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data MAJOR CITIES AND TOWNS POPULATION Apollo Bay 1,092 Beauty Point – Bridport – George Town – Scottsdale 8,651 Burnie-Somerset-Penguin-Wynyard 28,028 Deloraine 2,324 Devonport – Latrobe – Port Sorell – Ulverstone 41,074 Dodges Ferry – Lewisham 4,452 Greater Hobart 183,446 Huonville 1,743 Greater Launceston 87,086 Lorne 1,046 Sheffield 1,111 Smithton 3,239 St Helens 1,503 NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (NRM) REGIONS Corangamite Catchment Management Authority (CMA) VIC West Gippsland CMA VIC NRM Cradle Coast TAS NRM North TAS NRM South TAS TOP FIVE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES VALUE (MILLIONS) Dairy $302 Beef $176 Vegetables for consumption $164 Fruit $106 Wool $97 Total value of agricultural commodities (including other commodities not listed here) $1,123 CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS* Mean annual temperature 10.5 Celsius Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month 20.5 Celsius Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month 2.4 Celsius Mean Annual Rainfall 1018.4 mm Dominant rainfall season Winter * The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012) Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package). For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/ Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT). Population characteristics Population Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data LANGUAGES SPOKEN AT HOME English 91.77% Other languages 4.20% Not stated 3.92% Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data Education Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data Employment, volunteering and incomes Employment Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data Volunteering Income Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice Australian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key environmental custodians. Agricultural commodity values Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice * Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey (LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only. For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4630.0 ** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228 broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this reason, the figures presented here are indicative only. ^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents who identified they sought advice. For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domesticforestry/prep-for-future/drivers- Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program (ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to: http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/ INDIGENOUS LAND COUNCILS INDIGENOUS LAND COUNCILS Native Title Services Victoria: http://www.ntsv.com.au Tasmanian Aboriginal Land and Sea Council: http://www.talsc.net.au NATIVE TITLE AND TRADITIONAL OWNERS Traditional Owners Registered Native Title Body Corporate Gunai/Kurnai People Hectares % of zone 17.49 0.0003 Source: The Native Title Tribunal Register, October 2013. For more information please refer to: http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS Break O’day Council TAS Brighton Council TAS Burnie City Council TAS Central Coast Council TAS Central Highlands Council TAS Circular Head Council TAS Clarence City Council TAS Derwent Valley Council TAS Devonport City Council TAS Dorset Council TAS Flinders Council TAS George Town Council TAS Glamorgan-Spring Bay Council TAS Glenorchy City Council TAS Hobart City Council TAS Huon Valley Council TAS Kentish Council TAS King Island Council TAS Kingborough Council TAS Latrobe Council TAS Launceston City Council TAS Meander Valley Council TAS Northern Midlands Council TAS Sorell Council TAS Southern Midlands Council TAS Tasman Council TAS Waratah-Wynyard Council TAS West Coast Council TAS West Tamar Council TAS Colac Otway Shire VIC LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS Corangamite Shire VIC South Gippsland Shire VIC Surf Coast Shire VIC Zone vegetation characteristics The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape. Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present are therefore not represented. It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy. Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition. For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-informationsystem Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands RAMSAR WETLANDS JURISDICTION HECTARES Lavinia TAS 6,929 Moulting Lagoon TAS 4,514 East Coast Cape Barren Island Lagoons TAS 4,100 Flood Plain Lower Ringarooma River TAS 3,399 Logan Lagoon TAS 2,243 Apsley Marshes TAS 881 Pitt Water-Orielton Lagoon TAS 383 Corner Inlet TAS 73 Little Waterhouse Lake VIC 56 Jocks Lagoon TAS 19 For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-ourenvironment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS JURISDICTION HECTARES CRITERIA Aire River VIC 708.93 1, 3, 4 Aspley Marshes TAS 654.53 2, 5 Bells Lagoon TAS 63.80 1, 6 Blackman River TAS 7.06 1 Blackmans Lagoon TAS 35.65 5 Bungaree Lagoon TAS 10.14 5 Calverts Lagoon TAS 43.24 1 Cataract Gorge TAS 2.24 5, 6 Clarence Lagoon TAS 33.78 5 Corner Inlet VIC 57.62 1, 3, 4, 5 Douglas River TAS 397.64 1, 5 Dublin Bog TAS 1.08 5 Eagle Tarn Sphagnum TAS 1.81 5 Earlham Lagoon TAS 215.59 5 Elizabeth River Gorge TAS 3.54 5 Fergusons Lagoon TAS 85.98 5 Flyover Lagoon 1 TAS 29.41 5 Flyover Lagoon 2 TAS 27.18 5 Freshwater Lagoon TAS 25.48 5 Glen Morey Saltpan TAS 13.81 1 Glen Morriston Rivulet 1 TAS 1.49 1, 5 Goulds Lagoon TAS 2.51 3 Hardings Falls Forest Reserve TAS 2.28 5 Hogans Lagoon TAS 79.51 5 Jocks Lagoon TAS 6.87 5 Lake Chisholm TAS 4.28 2 NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS JURISDICTION HECTARES CRITERIA Lake Dulverton TAS 225.53 5 Lake Flannigan TAS 162.76 5 Lake Sydney TAS 10.45 2 Lake Tiberius TAS 972.02 5 Lavinia Nature Reserve TAS 1,411.62 3, 4, 5 Little Thirsty Lagoon TAS 1.11 5 Little Waterhouse Lake TAS 12.97 1, 5 Logan Lagoon TAS 1,003.30 1, 2, 3, 5 Lower Aire River Wetlands VIC 88.33 1, 2, 3 Macquarie River 2 TAS 9.17 5 Macquarie River 4 TAS 12.46 5 Mona Vale Saltpan TAS 8.46 1 Moulting Lagoon TAS 2,743.15 1, 3, 6 Near Lagoon TAS 14.69 1, 5 Orielton Lagoon TAS 15.87 3, 4, 5 Oyster Cove TAS 5.18 6 Pearshape Lagoon 1 TAS 6.71 1 Pearshape Lagoon 2 TAS 2.61 1 River Derwent TAS 977.45 5 Sellars Lagoon TAS 1,213.95 5 South East Cape Lakes TAS 12.38 1, 5 South Esk River TAS 14.79 5 Stans Lagoon TAS 18.14 5 Surveyors Creek TAS 8.92 5 The Chimneys TAS 5.73 5 Thompsons Lagoon TAS 55.98 5 Tin Dish Rivulet TAS 5.17 1, 5 Township Lagoon TAS 6.37 1, 4, 5 Tregaron Lagoons 1 TAS 12.60 5 Tregaron Lagoons 2 TAS 5.41 5 White Lagoon TAS 10.65 1, 6 Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria: 1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia. 2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major wetland system/complex. 3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail. 4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa. 5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level. 6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance. Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directoryimportant-wetlands-australia-third-edition World and National Heritage HERITAGE VALUES WORLD OR NATIONAL HERITAGE TYPE JURISDICTION HECTARES % OF ZONE Tasmanian Wilderness World and National Natural TAS 402,976 8.57 Australian Convict Sites (Darlington Probation Station) World Cultural TAS 3,158 0.07 Western Tasmania Aboriginal Cultural Landscape National Indigenous TAS 11,221 0.24 Great Ocean Road and Scenic Environs National Historic VIC 3,893 0.08 Brickendon Estate National Historic TAS 458 0.01 Darlington Probation Station National Historic TAS 368 0.01 Recherche Bay (North East Peninsula) Area National Historic TAS 344 0.01 Coal Mines Historic Site National Historic TAS 265 0.01 Port Arthur Historic Site National Historic TAS 191 0.004 Woolmers Estate National Historic TAS 82 0.002 Jordan River levee site National Indigenous TAS 4 0.0001 Cascades Female Factory National Historic TAS 0.6 0.00001 Cascades Female Factory Yard 4 North National Historic TAS 0.2 0.000003 Richmond Bridge National Historic TAS 0.1 0.000002 Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australianheritage-database For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage Major National Reserve System properties MAJOR NATIONAL RESERVE SYSTEM PROPERTIES Name Property type IUCN category Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone Southwest National Park II TAS 198,580 4.22 Great Otway National Park II VIC 76,181 1.62 Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park II TAS 51,323 1.09 Wilsons Promontory National Park II VIC 40,542 0.86 Arthur-Pieman Conservation Area VI TAS 26,383 0.56 Wilsons Promontory Wilderness Zone – Schedule 5, National Parks Act IB VIC 21,870 0.47 Cameron Regional Reserve VI TAS 20,320 0.43 Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park II TAS 18,970 0.40 Mount William National Park II TAS 18,456 0.39 Ben Lomond National Park II TAS 18,192 0.39 Wellington Park Other Conservation Area II TAS 18,025 0.38 Freycinet National Park II TAS 16,531 0.35 Douglas-Apsley National Park II TAS 15,834 0.34 Mount Field National Park II TAS 15,824 0.34 Southern Wilsons Promontory R.N.A. Remote and Natural Area – Schedule 6, National Parks Act II VIC 14,273 0.30 Wingaroo Nature Reserve IA TAS 10,767 0.23 Tasman National Park II TAS 10,676 0.23 Maria Island National Park II TAS 10,172 0.22 Mount Victoria Forest Reserve IV TAS 8,275 0.18 Lungatalanana Indigenous Protected Area V TAS 8,092 0.17 Sellars Lagoon Game Reserve VI TAS 7,781 0.17 Lavinia State Reserve II TAS 7,739 0.16 Strzelecki National Park II TAS 7,565 0.16 Hartz Mountains National Park II TAS 7,155 0.15 THE IUCN CATEGORIES ARE AS FOLLOWS: Ia Strict Nature Reserve Ib Wilderness Area II National Park III Natural Monument or Feature IV Habitat/Species Management Area V Protected Landscape/ Seascape VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources IUCN protected area management categories classify protected areas according to their management objectives. The categories are recognised by international bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by many national governments, including the Australian Government, as the global standard for defining and recording protected areas. Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/ For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012. EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities THREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES Name Listing status % of total distribution* % of zone** Eucalyptus ovata – Callitris oblonga Forest Vulnerable 100.00 0.11 Lowland Native Grasslands of Tasmania Critically Endangered 99.39 0.46 Alpine Sphagnum Bogs and Associated Fens Endangered 2.46 0.27 Subtropical and Temperate Coastal Saltmarsh Vulnerable 1.65 0.07 Giant Kelp Marine Forests of South East Australia Endangered n/a n/a * % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone. ** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community is likely or known to occur in. It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone. The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities EPBC Act (1999) threatened species THREATENED MAMMALS Common name Scientific name Status % of total distribution* % of zone** Common Wombat (Bass Strait) Vombatus ursinus ursinus Vulnerable 99.99 2.89 Eastern Barred Bandicoot (Tasmania) Perameles gunnii gunnii Vulnerable 98.03 62.29 Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus harrisii Endangered 63.86 87.61 Spotted-tail Quoll, Spot-tailed Quoll, Tiger Quoll (Tasmanian population) Dasyurus maculatus maculatus (Tasmanian population) Vulnerable 63.58 79.51 Southern Bent-wing Bat Miniopterus schreibersii bassanii Critically Endangered 9.66 2.77 Long-nosed Potoroo (SE mainland) Potorous tridactylus tridactylus Vulnerable 4.11 3.61 Southern Brown Bandicoot (Eastern) Isoodon obesulus obesulus Endangered 1.79 1.46 New Holland Mouse, Pookila Pseudomys novaehollandiae Vulnerable 1.25 2.53 Spot-tailed Quoll, Spotted-tail Quoll, Tiger Quoll (southeastern mainland population) Dasyurus maculatus maculatus (SE mainland population) Endangered 0.46 1.73 Konoom, Smoky Mouse Pseudomys fumeus Endangered 0.18 0.02 Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus Vulnerable 0.03 0.09 Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Endangered n/a n/a Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Vulnerable n/a n/a Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Endangered n/a n/a Common name Scientific name Status % of total distribution* % of zone** Scrubtit (King Island) Acanthornis magna greeniana Critically Endangered 100.00 0.02 Brown Thornbill (King Island) Acanthiza pusilla archibaldi Endangered 99.99 2.32 Masked Owl (Tasmanian) Tyto novaehollandiae castanops (Tasmanian population) Vulnerable 92.11 66.93 Forty-spotted Pardalote Pardalotus quadragintus Endangered 88.64 0.21 Wedge-tailed Eagle (Tasmanian) Aquila audax fleayi Endangered 65.63 95.68 Tasmanian Azure Kingfisher Ceyx azureus diemenensis Endangered 50.50 18.09 Australian Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis Vulnerable 9.11 11.16 Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor Endangered 6.69 25.52 Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus Endangered 6.00 47.32 Orange-bellied Parrot Neophema chrysogaster Critically Endangered 4.16 5.61 Campbell Albatross Thalassarche melanophris impavida Vulnerable 0.04 1.80 Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora sanfordi Endangered 0.03 1.80 Salvin’s Albatross Thalassarche cauta salvini Vulnerable 0.03 1.80 Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta cauta Vulnerable 0.03 1.80 THREATENED BIRDS THREATENED BIRDS Buller’s Albatross, Pacific Albatross Thalassarche bulleri Vulnerable 0.02 0.39 Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora epomophora Vulnerable 0.02 1.80 Chatham Albatross Thalassarche eremita Endangered 0.02 0.49 Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato) Vulnerable 0.01 0.75 Antipodean Albatross Diomedea exulans antipodensis Vulnerable 0.01 0.75 White-capped Albatross Thalassarche cauta steadi Vulnerable 0.01 1.80 Gibson’s Albatross Diomedea exulans gibsoni Vulnerable 0.01 0.72 Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Vulnerable 0.01 1.78 Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Endangered 0.01 1.66 Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis Endangered 0.01 0.04 Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia Endangered May be present May be present Tristan Albatross Diomedea exulans exulans Endangered n/a n/a White-bellied Storm-Petrel (Tasman Sea), White-bellied Storm-Petrel (Australasian) Fregetta grallaria grallaria Vulnerable n/a n/a Grey-headed Albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma Endangered n/a n/a Soft-plumaged Petrel Pterodroma mollis Vulnerable n/a n/a Blue Petrel Halobaena caerulea Vulnerable n/a n/a Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Vulnerable n/a n/a Gould’s Petrel Pterodroma leucoptera leucoptera Endangered n/a n/a * % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone. ** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone. THREATENED REPTILES Common Name Scientific name Status % of total distribution* % of zone** Pedra Branca Skink, Red-throated Skink Niveoscincus palfreymani Vulnerable 99.02 0.00003 Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Vulnerable n/a n/a Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Endangered n/a n/a Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Endangered n/a n/a Common name Scientific name Status % of total distribution* % of zone** Bornemissza’s Stag Beetle Hoplogonus bornemisszai Critically Endangered 100 0.12 Francistown Cave Cricket, Southern sandstone cave cricket Micropathus kiernani Critically Endangered 100 2.04 OTHER THREATENED FAUNA OTHER THREATENED FAUNA Central North Burrowing Crayfish Engaeus granulatus Endangered 100 0.87 Broad-toothed Stag Beetle, Wielangta Stag Beetle Lissotes latidens Endangered 100 0.49 Blind Velvet Worm Tasmanipatus anophthalmus Endangered 100 0.11 Mount Arthur Burrowing Crayfish Engaeus orramakunna Vulnerable 100 0.32 Scottsdale Burrowing Crayfish Engaeus spinicaudatus Endangered 100 0.18 Simson’s Stag Beetle Hoplogonus simsoni Vulnerable 100 0.02 Vanderschoor’s Stag Beetle Hoplogonus vanderschoori Vulnerable 100 0.13 Tasmanian Chaostola Skipper, Heath-sand Skipper Antipodia chaostola leucophaea Endangered 100 3.43 Furneaux Burrowing Crayfish Engaeus martigener Endangered 99.99 1.55 Swan Galaxias Galaxias fontanus Endangered 99.97 0.26 Burnie Burrowing Crayfish Engaeus yabbimunna Vulnerable 99.67 0.08 Marrawah Skipper, Alpine Sedge Skipper, Alpine Skipper Oreisplanus munionga larana Vulnerable 99.58 0.37 a land snail, a charopid land snail Discocharopa vigens Critically Endangered 95.94 0.37 Tasmanian Giant Freshwater Lobster, Giant Lobster, Giant Freshwater Crayfish Astacopsis gouldi Vulnerable 82.03 0.22 Clarence Galaxias Galaxias johnstoni Endangered 42.67 0.24 Ptunarra Brown, Ptunarra Brown Butterfly, Ptunarra Xenica Oreixenica ptunarra Endangered 31.46 0.15 Tasmanian Live-bearing Seastar Parvulastra vivipara Vulnerable 15.71 0.77 Eastern Dwarf Galaxias, Dwarf Galaxias Galaxiella pusilla Vulnerable 12.58 4.36 Growling Grass Frog, Southern Bell Frog, Green and Golden Frog, Warty Swamp Frog Litoria raniformis Vulnerable 11.38 0.03 Spotted Handfish, Spotted-hand Fish Brachionichthys hirsutus Critically Endangered 10.69 2.39 Swamp Galaxias Galaxias parvus Vulnerable 6.22 55.69 Ziebell’s Handfish, Waterfall Bay Handfish Brachiopsilus ziebelli Vulnerable 5.45 0.38 Australian Grayling Prototroctes maraena Vulnerable 3.94 0.16 Red Handfish Thymichthys politus Critically Endangered 2.55 0.04 Derwent River Seastar Marginaster littoralis Critically Endangered 0.09 0.91 Yarra Pygmy Perch Nannoperca obscura Vulnerable 0.07 0.01 Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana Critically Endangered May be present May be present School Shark, Eastern School Shark, Snapper Shark, Tope, Soupfin Shark Galeorhinus galeus Conservation Dependent n/a n/a Eastern Gemfish Rexea solandri (eastern Australian population) Conservation Dependent n/a n/a Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Vulnerable n/a n/a Whale Shark Rhincodon typus Vulnerable n/a n/a Southern Bluefin Tuna Thunnus maccoyii Conservation n/a n/a OTHER THREATENED FAUNA Dependent THREATENED FLORA Common Name Scientific name Status % of total distribution* % of zone** Shy Susan Tetratheca gunnii Critically Endangered 100 0.04 Stuart’s Heath Epacris stuartii Critically Endangered 100 0.02 Masked Eyebright, Masked Cliff Eyebright Euphrasia sp. Bivouac Bay (W.R.Barker 7626 et al.) Endangered 100 0.02 Border Heath Epacris limbata Critically Endangered 100 0.11 Robust Leek-orchid Prasophyllum robustum Critically Endangered 100 0.01 Grand Heath, Tall Heath Epacris grandis Endangered 100 0.29 Moleskin Dogwood Pomaderris pilifera subsp. talpicutica Vulnerable 100 0.00 Roadside Wallaby Grass Rytidosperma popinensis Endangered 100 1.47 Tasmanian Bertya Bertya tasmanica subsp. tasmanica Endangered 100 0.10 Davies’ Waxflower, St Helens Waxflower Phebalium daviesii Critically Endangered 100 0.08 Sky-blue Sun-orchid Thelymitra jonesii Endangered 100 2.48 Tailed Spider-orchid Caladenia caudata Vulnerable 100 16.58 Gunn’s Boronia, Cataract Gorge Boronia Boronia gunnii Vulnerable 100 0.62 Three Hummock Leek-orchid Prasophyllum atratum Critically Endangered 100 0.00 Marsh Leek-orchid Prasophyllum limnetes Critically Endangered 100 0.00 Tunbridge Buttercup Ranunculus prasinus Endangered 100 2.16 Mt Cameron Heath, Granite Heath Epacris graniticola Critically Endangered 100 0.20 Midland Greenhood Pterostylis commutata Critically Endangered 100 5.49 Creeping Dusty Miller Spyridium obcordatum Vulnerable 100 1.22 Golfers Leek-orchid Prasophyllum incorrectum Critically Endangered 100 0.27 Velvet Boronia Boronia hippopala Vulnerable 100 0.66 Mt Arthur Boronia Boronia hemichiton Vulnerable 100 1.06 Lindley’s Spider-orchid Caladenia lindleyana Critically Endangered 100 0.14 Spreading Stenanthemum, Propellor Plant Stenanthemum pimeleoides Vulnerable 100 0.02 Ciliolate Hebe Veronica ciliolata Vulnerable 100 0.03 Myrtle Elbow Orchid Arthrochilus huntianus subsp. nothofagicola Critically Endangered 100 0.01 THREATENED FLORA Black-tipped Spider-orchid Caladenia anthracina Critically Endangered 100 1.30 Thick-stem Caladenia Caladenia campbellii Critically Endangered 100 0.08 Sagg Spider-orchid Caladenia saggicola Critically Endangered 100 0.01 Forest Fingers Caladenia sylvicola Critically Endangered 100 0.06 Robust Fingers Caladenia tonellii Critically Endangered 100 0.24 South Esk Pine Callitris oblonga subsp. oblonga Endangered 100 0.12 Rosy Spider-orchid, Pale Spider-orchid, Summer Spider-orchid Caladenia pallida Critically Endangered 100 0.08 Short-spiked Midge-orchid Genoplesium brachystachyum Endangered 100 0.20 None Prasophyllum amoenum Endangered 100 0.02 Tapered Leek-orchid Prasophyllum apoxychilum Endangered 100 0.48 Pungent Leek-orchid Prasophyllum olidum Critically Endangered 100 0.03 Knocklofty Leek-orchid Prasophyllum perangustum Critically Endangered 100 0.00 Ben Lomond Leek-orchid Prasophyllum stellatum Critically Endangered 100 0.50 Tunbridge Leek-orchid Prasophyllum tunbridgense Endangered 100 0.19 Reflexed Everlasting Ozothamnus reflexifolius Vulnerable 100 0.03 Graveside Leek-orchid Prasophyllum taphanyx Critically Endangered 100 0.03 Basalt Guinea-flower Hibbertia basaltica Endangered 100 0.12 Sand Grasstree Xanthorrhoea arenaria Vulnerable 100 0.08 Scrambling Ground-fern Hypolepis distans Endangered 99.99 2.49 Variable Smoke-bush Conospermum hookeri Vulnerable 99.99 0.31 Freycinet Waxflower Philotheca freyciana Endangered 99.99 0.02 Bearded Heath, Freycinet Heath Epacris barbata Endangered 99.99 0.65 Buftons Eyebright, Hairy Cliff Eyebright Euphrasia phragmostoma Vulnerable 99.99 0.01 Snake Orchid Diuris lanceolata Endangered 99.99 0.65 Clubmoss Bush-pea Stonesiella selaginoides Endangered 99.98 0.63 Arthur River Greenhood Pterostylis rubenachii Endangered 99.98 0.08 Apsley Heath Epacris apsleyensis Endangered 99.98 0.41 Chestnut Leek-orchid Prasophyllum castaneum Critically Endangered 99.98 0.17 Western Leek-orchid Prasophyllum favonium Critically Endangered 99.97 0.18 Milford Leek-orchid Prasophyllum milfordense Critically Endangered 99.97 0.04 Firth’s Midge-orchid Genoplesium firthii Critically Endangered 99.92 0.06 THREATENED FLORA Small-leaf Spyridium Spyridium lawrencei Endangered 99.91 2.07 Baudin’s Sea-lavender Limonium baudinii Vulnerable 99.91 0.05 Morrisbys Gum Eucalyptus morrisbyi Endangered 99.89 0.06 Peninsula Eyebright Euphrasia semipicta Endangered 99.87 0.14 Swamp Eyebright Euphrasia gibbsiae subsp. psilantherea Critically Endangered 99.75 0.01 Preminghana Billybutton Craspedia preminghana Endangered 99.72 0.001 Shiny Cliff Eyebright Euphrasia amphisysepala Vulnerable 99.7 0.02 Shy Eyebright, Southport Eyebright Euphrasia fragosa Critically Endangered 99.69 0.03 Wrinkled Buttons Leiocarpa gatesii Vulnerable 99.47 0.37 South Esk Heath Epacris exserta Endangered 99.34 15.48 Shiny Grasstree Xanthorrhoea bracteata Endangered 99.24 5.91 Pretty Heath, Dan Hill Heath Epacris virgata Endangered 99.13 1.08 Grassland Greenhood, Cape Portland Greenhood Pterostylis ziegeleri Vulnerable 98.86 0.42 Northern Leek-orchid Prasophyllum secutum Endangered 98.09 6.22 Fleshy Greenhood Pterostylis wapstrarum Critically Endangered 97.9 4.64 Midlands Mimosa, Midlands Wattle Acacia axillaris Vulnerable 95.68 5.05 Basalt Pepper-cress, Peppercress, Rubble Pepper-cress, Pepperweed Lepidium hyssopifolium Endangered 86.76 30.96 Native Wintercress, Riverbed Wintercress Barbarea australis Endangered 84.49 8.94 Pretty Leek-orchid Prasophyllum pulchellum Critically Endangered 83.43 0.48 Windswept Spider-orchid Caladenia dienema Endangered 81.93 0.23 Eastern Spider Orchid Caladenia orientalis Endangered 81.57 0.29 Curtis’ Colobanth Colobanthus curtisiae Vulnerable 80.26 25.06 Pearlwort Sagina diemensis Endangered 67.79 0.63 Pygmy Cypress-pine, Pigmy Cypress-pine, Dwarf Cypress-pine Callitris oblonga Vulnerable 62.03 1.06 Curly Sedge Carex tasmanica Vulnerable 42.78 32.25 Matted Flax-lily Dianella amoena Endangered 34.64 8.72 * % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone. ** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone. The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl EPBC Act (1999) migratory species MIGRATORY BIRDS Common name Scientific name Antipodean Albatross Diomedea antipodensis Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Black-faced Monarch Monarcha melanopsis Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa Buller’s Albatross Thalassarche bulleri Campbell Albatross Thalassarche impavida Caspian Tern Sterna caspia Cattle Egret Ardea ibis Chatham Albatross Thalassarche eremita Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea Double-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctus Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis Flesh-footed Shearwater, Fleshy-footed Shearwater Puffinus carneipes Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus Gibson’s Albatross Diomedea gibsoni Great Egret, White Egret Ardea alba Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris Greater Sand Plover, Large Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola Grey-headed Albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma Grey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes Latham’s Snipe, Japanese Snipe Gallinago hardwickii Lesser Sand Plover, Mongolian Plover Charadrius mongolus Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel Numenius minutus Little Tern Sterna albifrons Marsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank Tringa stagnatilis Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea sanfordi Oriental Plover, Oriental Dotterel Charadrius veredus Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato) Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus MIGRATORY BIRDS Red Knot, Knot Calidris canutus Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons Salvin’s Albatross Thalassarche salvini Sanderling Calidris alba Satin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto) Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto) Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus Tristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato) Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster White-capped Albatross Thalassarche steadi White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola OTHER MIGRATORY SPECIES Common name Scientific name Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni Dusky Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Killer Whale, Orca Orcinus orca Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark Lamna nasus Pygmy Right Whale Caperea marginata OTHER MIGRATORY SPECIES Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Whale Shark Rhincodon typus For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species Threatened endemic species THREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status Birds Dromaius ater Unreserved Extinct n/a Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Engaeus australis Recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Engaeus disjuncticus Unreserved n/a Endangered Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Engaeus granulatus Recorded in reserves Endangered Critically Endangered Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Engaeus martigener Recorded in reserves Endangered Endangered Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Engaeus orramakunna Recorded in reserves Vulnerable Near Threatened Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Engaeus spinicaudatus Recorded in reserves Endangered Critically Endangered Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Engaeus yabbimunna Recorded in reserves Vulnerable Vulnerable Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Ombrastacoides pulcher Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable Fish Brachionichthys hirsutus Recorded in reserves Endangered Critically Endangered Fish Brachiopsilus ziebelli Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Fish Galaxias fontanus Recorded in reserves Endangered Critically Endangered Molluscs Austropyrgus dyerianus Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Austropyrgus elongatus Unreserved n/a Data Deficient Molluscs Beddomeia averni Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia briansmithi Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia camensis Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia capensis Unreserved n/a Endangered Molluscs Beddomeia fallax Unreserved n/a Endangered Molluscs Beddomeia forthensis Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia fultoni Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia gibba Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia hallae Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia inflata Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia kershawi Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia kessneri Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable THREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES Molluscs Beddomeia krybetes Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia launcestonensis Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia lodderae Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia mesibovi Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia minima Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia petterdi Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia phasianella Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia protuberata Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia ronaldi Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia salmonis Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia tasmanica Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia topsiae Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia turnerae Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia waterhouseae Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia wilmotensis Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Beddomeia wiseae Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Nanocochlea monticola Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Nanocochlea pupoides Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Anoglypta launcestonensis Recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened Molluscs Allocharopa erskinensis Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Pernagera gatliffi Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Roblinella agnewi Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Helicarion rubicundus Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable Molluscs Pasmaditta jungermanniae Unreserved n/a Vulnerable Plants Caladenia anthracina Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a Plants Caladenia caudata Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Caladenia saggicola Unreserved Critically Endangered n/a Plants Corunastylis brachystachya Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Corunastylis firthii Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a Plants Petalochilus campbellii Unreserved Critically Endangered n/a Plants Petalochilus sylvicola Unreserved Critically Endangered n/a Plants Petalochilus tonellii Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a Plants Prasophyllum amoenum Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Prasophyllum apoxychilum Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Prasophyllum atratum Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a THREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES Plants Prasophyllum castaneum Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a Plants Prasophyllum favonium Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a Plants Prasophyllum limnetes Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a Plants Prasophyllum milfordense Unreserved Critically Endangered n/a Plants Prasophyllum olidum Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a Plants Prasophyllum perangustum Unreserved Critically Endangered n/a Plants Prasophyllum robustum Unreserved Critically Endangered n/a Plants Prasophyllum stellatum Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a Plants Prasophyllum taphanyx Unreserved Critically Endangered n/a Plants Prasophyllum tunbridgense Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Pterostylis commutata Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a Plants Pterostylis wapstrarum Unreserved Critically Endangered n/a Plants Pterostylis ziegeleri Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Speculantha atriola Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Thelymitra jonesii Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Thynninorchis nothofagicola Unreserved Critically Endangered n/a Plants Xanthorrhoea arenaria Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Argentipallium spiceri Unreserved Critically Endangered n/a Plants Craspedia preminghana Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Ozothamnus reflexifolius Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Sagina diemensis Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Hibbertia basaltica Unreserved Endangered n/a Plants Epacris apsleyensis Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Epacris barbata Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Epacris graniticola Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a Plants Epacris limbata Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a Plants Epacris stuartii Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a Plants Epacris virgata Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Stonesiella selaginoides Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Allocasuarina duncanii Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a THREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES Plants Euphrasia amphisysepala Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Euphrasia fragosa Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a Plants Euphrasia phragmostoma Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Euphrasia semipicta Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Lasiopetalum micranthum Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Austrodanthonia popinensis Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Conospermum hookeri Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Boronia gunnii Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Boronia hemichiton Unreserved Vulnerable n/a Plants Boronia hippopala Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Philotheca freyciana Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Concentrations of unreserved endemic species The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their known range outside of the National Reserve System. Concentrations of unreserved endemic species may be useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts. Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australiannatural-heritage-assessment-tool Invasive species INVASIVE MAMMALS Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat Felis catus 0.61 99.38 Rabbit, European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 0.79 92.35 House Mouse Mus musculus 1.20 91.06 Brown Hare Lepus capensis 3.76 79.40 Black Rat, Ship Rat Rattus rattus 3.34 78.95 Red Fox, Fox Vulpes vulpes 0.46 60.25 Brown Rat, Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus 10.26 41.46 Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris 0.72 38.27 Goat Capra hircus 0.65 29.53 Pig Sus scrofa 0.18 13.39 Feral deer species in Australia Feral deer 1.34 10.92 Domestic Cattle Bos taurus 0.17 6.03 Horse Equus caballus May be present May be present Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 5.24 99.87 Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 2.17 99.43 Skylark Alauda arvensis 7.24 99.42 Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula 5.11 99.41 House Sparrow Passer domesticus 1.58 99.19 European Greenfinch Carduelis chloris 22.63 94.96 Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon Columba livia 1.68 91.24 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 5.91 88.98 Spotted Turtle-Dove Streptopelia chinensis 3.05 54.04 Common Myna, Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis 1.67 18.32 Indian Peafowl, Peacock Pavo cristatus 35.10 5.36 California Quail Callipepla californica 98.56 5.21 Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 34.99 5.21 Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus 34.71 5.21 Asian House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus 0.87 4.16 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus 0.17 1.01 Song Thrush Turdus philomelos 0.15 0.12 Red Junglefowl, Domestic Fowl Gallus gallus 1.03 0.01 OTHER INVASIVE FAUNA * % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone. ** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in. INVASIVE FLORA Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Gorse, Furze Ulex europaeus 11.62 98.46 Blackberry, European Blackberry Rubus fruticosus aggregate 5.52 97.75 Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow and Sterile Pussy Willow Salix spp. except S.babylonica, S.x calodendron & S.x reichardtii 6.68 93.56 Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera 8.30 56.17 Broom, English Broom, Scotch Broom, Common Broom, Scottish Broom, Spanish Broom Cytisus scoparius 10.40 52.74 Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax, Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus Asparagus asparagoides 2.61 45.62 Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom, Common Broom, French Broom, Soft Broom Genista monspessulana 13.76 43.62 African Boxthorn, Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum 2.52 28.16 Bitou Bush, Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera 15.38 23.22 Serrated Tussock, Yass River Tussock, Yass Tussock, Nassella Tussock (NZ) Nassella trichotoma 3.53 21.72 Chilean Needle grass Nassella neesiana 1.03 5.72 Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb’s-tail, Mignonette Vine, Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine, Heartleaf Madeiravine, Potato Vine Anredera cordifolia 2.55 5.05 Asparagus Fern, Climbing Asparagus Fern Asparagus scandens 10.70 4.38 Flax-leaved Broom, Mediterranean Broom, Flax Broom Genista linifolia 1.32 1.14 Prickly Pears Opuntia spp. 0.10 0.85 Climbing Asparagus, Climbing Asparagus Fern Asparagus africanus 1.93 0.51 Ward’s Weed Carrichtera annua May be present May be present Olive, Common Olive Olea europaea May be present May be present Broom Genista sp. X Genista monspessulana May be present May be present * % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone. ** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in. It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**) indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone. For more information on invasive species please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species Vegetation profiles and management recommendations Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information. The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time. Eucalyptus open forests with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile 68.33% Remaining Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus obliqua; Eucalyptus tenuiramis; Eucalyptus amygdalina; Eucalyptus nitida; Eucalyptus pulchella; Eucalyptus globulus; Eucalyptus viminalis; Eucalyptus rubida; Banksia marginata; Acacia dealbata; Leptospermum spp.; Allocasuarina littoralis; Goodenia ovata; Acacia verticillata; Tasmannia lanceolata; Gahnia grandis; Exocarpos cupressiformis; Epacris impressa; Pultenaea juniperina; Richea sprengelioides; Tetrarrhena juncea; Poa labillardierei; Blechnum nudum; Pteridium esculentum; omandra longifolia; fern; rush. Management recommendations PROTECTION Protect remnants from clearing. Protect hollowbearing trees. Protect standing dead trees and fallen timber. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE REHABILITATION FIRE MANAGEMENT WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT WEED MANAGEMENT FERAL ANIMAL MANAGEMENT t DISEASE MANAGEMENT Eucalyptus (+/- tall) open forest with a dense broad-leaved and/or tree-fern understorey (wet sclerophyll) vegetation profile 65.66% Remaining Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus regnans; Eucalyptus obliqua; Eucalyptus delegatensis subsp. Tasmaniensis; Eucalyptus brookeriana; Eucalyptus amygdalina; Nothofagus cunninghamii; Atherosperma moschatum; Acacia dealbata; Pittosporum bicolor; Coprosma quadrifida; Olearia argophylla; Pomaderris apetala; Microsorum pustulatum; Polystichum proliferum; Microsorum pustulatum; Blechnum spp.; Dicksonia antarctica; fern. Management recommendations PROTECTION SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE Avoid further fragmentation and clearance of forests. If foresting, ensure forestry practices support regeneration of both understorey and overstorey species. Maintain standing dead trees, leaf litter and fallen timber. Minimise soil compaction from forestry equipment. REHABILITATION FIRE MANAGEMENT Disturbance from fire is essential for regeneration of mountain ash forests. Research suggests that the mean interval between high intensity fires that result in death of some trees is between 75-150 years. Mountain ash forests will sharply reduce in extent if high intensity fire intervals are more frequent. WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT Protect and maintain hollow bearing trees as these provide habitat for treedwelling mammals. In forests that have had mature, hollow-bearing trees selectively logged provide nesting boxes for both mammals and birds. Monitor boxes regularly for invasive species. WEED MANAGEMENT FERAL ANIMAL MANAGEMENT Manage feral cats. DISEASE MANAGEMENT Eucalyptus open forests with a grassy understorey vegetation profile 82.13% Remaining Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus viminalis; Eucalyptus amygdalina; Eucalyptus delegatensis; Eucalyptus morrisbyi; Eucalyptus dalrympleana; Bursaria spinosa; Allocasuarina verticillata; Dodonaea viscosa; Acacia dealbata; Acacia mearnsii; Acacia melanoxylon; Banksia marginata; Exocarpos cupressiformis; Poa spp.; Austrodanthonia spp.; Pteridium esculentum; Lomandra longifolia; Themeda triandra; tussock grass; rush. Management recommendations PROTECTION SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE REHABILITATION FIRE MANAGEMENT WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land. Where possible, exclude livestock from remnants. Encourage regeneration through fencing and stock exclusion. Do not plant into high quality sites as this disturbs natural succession patterns and compositional balance. If few, or no hollow bearing trees are present within remnants then place nest boxes for mammals and birds on larger trees. Monitor and manage boxes regularly for invasive species. Where necessary, undertake revegetation using locally sourced seed and/or tube stock. Ensure fencing is wildlife friendly. No electrical fencing of bottom strand, and no barbed wire. Protect riparian zones and avoid riverbank erosion through maintaining native vegetation. Retain standing dead trees and fallen timber and ban firewood collection and timber harvesting. Avoid spray drift from adjacent paddocks into remnants. Fence paddock trees in nearby agricultural land as these provide critical landscape linkages. WEED MANAGEMENT FERAL ANIMAL MANAGEMENT DISEASE MANAGEMENT Implement hygiene practices to avoid spread of disease, such as avoiding introduction of foreign soil or plant material. Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile 3.09% Remaining Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus obliqua; Eucalyptus ovata; Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. Viminalis; Eucalyptus perriniana; Eucalyptus baxteri; Melaleuca squarrosa; Leptospermum continentale; Banksia marginata; Xanthorrhoea australis; Epacris lanuginosa; Hypolaena fastigiata; Sprengelia incarnata; Baloskion tetraphyllum; Gahnia sieberiana; Selaginella uliginosa; Tetratheca ciliata; Gahnia radula; sedge; heath; shrub; forb. Management recommendations PROTECTION SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE REHABILITATION FIRE MANAGEMENT WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land. Where possible, exclude livestock from remnants. Encourage regeneration through fencing and stock exclusion. Do not plant into high quality sites as this disturbs natural succession patterns and compositional balance. If few, or no hollow bearing trees are present within remnants then place nest boxes for mammals and birds on larger trees. Monitor and manage boxes regularly for invasive species. Protect riparian zones and avoid riverbank erosion through maintaining native vegetation. Retain standing dead trees and fallen timber and ban firewood collection and timber harvesting. Maintain the condition of travelling stock routes. Avoid spray drift from adjacent paddocks into remnants. Where necessary, undertake revegetation using locally sourced seed and/or tube stock. Fence paddock trees in nearby agricultural land as these provide critical landscape linkages. Too frequent and intense fires can impact upon the regeneration capacity of remnants. Ensure fencing is wildlife friendly. No electrical fencing of bottom strand, and no barbed wire. WEED MANAGEMENT FERAL ANIMAL MANAGEMENT DISEASE MANAGEMENT Cool temperate rainforest vegetation profile 90.93% Remaining Commonly found species within this community Athrotaxis selaginoides; Athrotaxis cupressoides; Nothofagus cunninghamii; Nothofagus gunnii; Eucalyptus coccifera; Eucryphia milliganii; Phyllocladus aspleniifolius; Leptospermum rupestre; Atherosperma moschatum; Archeria hirtella; Agastachys odorata; Olearia pinifolia; Olearia persoonioides; Trochocarpa gunnii; Archeria eriocarpa; Diselma archeri; Richea pandanifolia; Blechnum wattsii; Polystichum proliferum; Gleichenia alpina; Prionotes cerinthoides; Astelia alpina; Empodisma minus; Grammitis billardierei; fern; epiphyte; heath; shrub. Management recommendations PROTECTION SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE REHABILITATION FIRE MANAGEMENT WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land. Ensure apiarists maintain strict surveillance of hives during leatherwood honey production (in order to prevent the establishment of feral bee populations). Improve the connectivity of remnants through facilitating regrowth as well as active replanting. Raise public awareness to reduce road mortality rates of threatened mammals. Fire intervals of <100 years result in the loss of cool temperate rainforest. Fire should therefore be excluded as much as possible. Some cool temperate rainforest species may survive or regenerate if the fires are cool and the remnant is long unburnt (>100 years). Other cool temperate rainforest species, such as pines, may be lost permanently in fire events. Establish and maintain a captive breeding program for Tasmanian spotted-tail quolls. Improve forestry practices to eliminate or reduce negative consequences on fauna. WEED MANAGEMENT FERAL ANIMAL MANAGEMENT DISEASE MANAGEMENT Implement control measures for non-native predators, such as cats. However, ensure that feral cat trapping and poisoning does not have adverse affects on Tasmanian spotted-tail quolls. Implement strict hygiene protocols to prevent spread of Myrtle wilt (which affects Nothofagus cunninghamii) and Phytophthora cinnamomi. This includes managing public and vehicle access, and preventing the introduction of foreign soil and plant material. Low closed forest or tall closed shrublands (including Acacia, Melaleuca and Banksia) vegetation profile 56.53% Remaining Commonly found species within this community Leptospermum lanigerum; Melaleuca ericifolia; Pomaderris apetala; Acacia longifolia subsp. Sophorae; Ozothamnus turbinatus; Acacia melanoxylon; Melaleuca squarrosa; Leucopogon parviflorus; Banksia marginata; Notelaea ligustrina; Gahnia grandis; Carex appressa; Olearia argophylla; Coprosma quadrifida; Leptospermum continentale; Triglochin procera; Stellaria angustifolia; Rhagodia candolleana; Isolepis nodosa; Acaena pallida; Eleocharis acuta; Blechnum nudum; Ehrharta stipoides; Hypolepis rugosula; Poa labillardierei; Polystichum proliferum; Viola hederacea; fern; tussock grass; forb; sedge; other grass. Management recommendations PROTECTION SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE REHABILITATION FIRE MANAGEMENT Retain fallen timber and ban firewood collection. Fence remnants. Fence to allow natural regeneration. Exclude stock altogether whilst remnants are regenerating and saplings are palatable. Use seed sourced directly from the same sites for rehabilitation purposes. Fire should be low intensity. Burn at 10–15 year intervals in banksia dominant remnants to assist in regeneration. WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT WEED MANAGEMENT Control woody weeds such as gorse and blackberry. In remnants containing banksia, Yorkshire fog, cocksfoot and brown-top bent can be problematic grass species. FERAL ANIMAL MANAGEMENT DISEASE MANAGEMENT Implement strict hygiene regimes to avoid spread of Phytophthora cinnamomi. This includes managing public pedestrian and vehicle access and avoiding introduction of soil and foreign plant matter. Temperate tussock grasslands vegetation profile 100% Remaining Commonly found species within this community Poa labillardierei; Themeda triandra; Eucalyptus amygdalina; Eucalyptus rodwayi; Eucalyptus viminalis; Eucalyptus gunnii; Eucalyptus delegatensis; Tasmannia lanceolata; Olearia pinifolia; Leucopogon hookeri; Acacia dealbata; Poa rodwayi; Schoenus spp.; Austrodanthonia spp.; Austrostipa spp.; Poa clivicola; tussock grass. Management recommendations PROTECTION SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land. Do not set stock. Protect from conversion to cropping. However, strategic grazing is an effective tool for maintaining the diversity and abundance of grassland species. Seek advice from the Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment on grazing regimes that balance productivity with biodiversity outcomes. REHABILITATION FIRE MANAGEMENT Fire can be used to control incursion of woody species into grassland remnants. Burning is recommended when there is no gap visible between tussocks. Autumn is the best season for burning. Seek advice from the Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment Threatened Species Unit on appropriate burning regimes for your property. WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT WEED MANAGEMENT FERAL ANIMAL MANAGEMENT Monitor gorse to see whether it is being utilised as shelter by bandicoots. Seek advice from your NRM organisation prior to gorse removal if this is the case. Monitor and manage woody weeds, such as broom, gorse and Spanish heath. Manage cats, dogs and rabbits. Avoid adverse impacts from chemicals or other mechanisms to manage weeds. DISEASE MANAGEMENT Wet tussock grassland with herbs, sedges or rushes, herblands or ferns vegetation profile 99.58% Remaining Commonly found species within this community Lepidosperma filiforme; Centella cordifolia; Eucalyptus gunnii; Eucalyptus gunnii subsp. Divaricata; Astelia alpina; Gleichenia alpina; Baloskion australe; Billardiera scandens; Glycine clandestina; Imperata cylindrica; Hemarthria uncinata; Microlaena stipoides; Poa spp.; Carex spp.; sedge; fern; heath; tussock grass; rush. Management recommendations PROTECTION SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE REHABILITATION FIRE MANAGEMENT Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land. Exclude stock and maintain fences to control domestic stock access. Develop and implement suitable fire management strategies to protect Alpine Sphagnum Bogs and Associated Fens ecological community. WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT WEED MANAGEMENT Eradicate weeds, especially Spanish heath and Salix spp. Willows. Undertake early detection and eradication of founder populations of new invasive weeds. Manage public access to prevent spread of weeds and plant disease. FERAL ANIMAL MANAGEMENT DISEASE MANAGEMENT Ensure strict hygiene protocols are in place to avoid spread of Phytophthora cinnamomi.