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Jeremiah 31:7-34 (various)
(31:7)
‫“ = רנן‬give a ringing cry” under BDB 943a. Note form ‫ רנן‬Qal imperative 2mf.
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‫ׂשמחה‬
‫“ = צהל‬neigh, cry shilly” under BDB 843b. Arb nahala “neigh”.
‫“ = ְׁשאֵ ִרית‬rest, residue, remnant, remainder” under BDB 984b.
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‫את־שארית יׂשראל‬
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‫עמָך‬
(31:8)
‫“ = צָ פֹון‬north” under BDB 860b.
‫“ = קבץ‬gather, collect” under BDB 867b.
‫ יְׁ ֵרכָה‬or ‫“ = י ְַׁרכָה‬flank, side, (dual) extreme parts, recesses” under BDB 438a. Root
‫(“ = ירְך‬meaning dubious)”.
‫“ = עִ וֵּר‬blind” under BDB 734b.
ַ‫“ = פִ סֵּ ח‬lame” under BDB 820b.
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‫בם עור ופסח‬
‫“ = הֵ נָה‬hither” under BDB 244b. Perhaps from II ‫ הֵ ן‬with ‫ ־ה‬locative lo hitherwards!
or perhaps akin to Arb hunā hinnā “here”.
(31:9)
“Septuagint* omits”.
“Septuagint (Targum) εσωσε, read ַ‫הֹושיע‬
ִ so ‘Hosea’?”
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“Septuagint, Targum have 3s suffix so ‘his people’”. Part of a pattern?
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“Septuagint εν εορτη Φασεκ = ‫”במועד פֶסַ ח‬. Interesting!
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‫יבאו‬
‫( = תַ חֲנּון‬only plural abstract) “supplication for favour” under BDB 337b. Root ‫– חנן‬
Arm ‫ ֲחנַן‬. Arb ḥanna “yearn towards, long for, be merciful, compassionate,
favourable, inclined towards”. Sab ‫ חן‬in PN. Ph ‫ חנן‬in ‫“ חן‬favour”. Akk annu
“grace, favour”.6
‫ = יבל‬Hiphil “conduct, bear along (especially in procession)” under BDB 384b. Arb
‫יַבֵ ל‬. Zinj ‫יבל‬. Akk abālu “bring, conduct”. Arb wabala “run vehemently (of horse),
pursue sharpe, pour down rain”. Note form ‫ אֹובִ ילָם‬Hiphil ‫ יבל‬prefix 1cs + 3mp
suffix.
‫“ = נַחַ ל‬torrent, torrent-valley, wady” under BDB 636a. Akk naḫlu.
‫“ = כשל‬stumble, stagger, totter” under BDB 505a. Syr “give offence (occasion for
stumbling)”. Arb kasila “be heasy, sluggish”.
‫“ = בְׁ כֹ ר‬first-born” under BDB 114a. Root ‫“ = בכר‬rise early, first-born”.
(31:10)
‫ ִאי‬I = “cost, region” under BDB 15b. Root ‫“ = אוה‬betake oneself (to a place for
dwelling), be tenderly inclined”.
‫“ = מֶ ְׁרחָ ק‬distant place, distance” under BDB 935b.
‫“ = זרה‬scatter, fan, winnow” under BDB 279b. Arb ḏarā “cause to fly, scatter (of
wind), winnow”. Arm ‫ד ָרא‬.ְׁ
‫ – יקבצנו‬Note heavy suffix.
‫“ = עֵדֶ ר‬flock, herd” under BDB 727b. Root ‫ עדר‬III = Niphal “be lacking, fail”.
(31:11)
‫“ = פדה‬ransom” under BDB 804a.
“Septuagint εξηλθον = ‫ יצְׁ או‬so ‘they will go out’”. Why “go out” instead of “come in”? Has the point of reference
changed?
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“Septuagint και εν παρακλησει, read ‫”ובתנְׁ חּומים‬. Did scribe misread the text?
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‫“ = גאל‬redeem, act as kinsman” under BDB 145a.
(31:12)
‫“ = מָ רֹום‬height (poetic)” under BDB 928b. Root ‫“ = רום‬be high, exalted, rise”.7
‫ נהר‬II = “shine, beam” under BDB 626a. Akk nûru “light”. Arb nahiru(n). Arm ‫נְׁ הַ ר‬
“shine”. Palm ‫“ נהירא‬illustrious”.8
‫“ = דָ גָנ‬corn, grain (of cereals)” under BDB 186ab. Root ‫(“ = דגן‬dubious)”.
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‫על־דגן‬
‫“ = ִתירֹוש‬must, fresh or new wine” under BDB 440b. Root ‫“ = ירש‬take possession
of, inherit, dispossess”.
‫ יִ צְׁ הָ ר‬I = “fresh oil” (newly appeared) under BDB 844a. Rare.
‫“ = בָ קָ ר‬cattle, herd, ox” under BDB 133a.
‫“ = גַן‬enclosure, garden” under BDB 171a. Root ‫“ = גנן‬cover, surround, defend”.
‫“ = ָרוֶה‬watered” under BDB 924a. Rare. Root ‫“ = רוה‬be saturated, drink one’s fill”.
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‫כגן רוה‬
‫“ = דאב‬become faint, languish” under BDB 178a. Arb daʾʾaba “toil, weary
oneself”.
(31:27)
(31:28)
‫“ = ׁשקד‬watch, wake” under BDB 1052a. Ph ‫“ שקד‬be circumspect”.
‫“ = נתׁש‬pull or pluck up, root out” under BDB 684b.
“Septuagint εν τω ορει, compare Targum, Vulgate; read probably ‫ בֶ הָ רים‬and delete ‫”ציון‬.
“Aquila και εκστησονται”.
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“Septuagint επι γην σιτου (και οινου…)”.
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“Septuagint ωσπερ ξυλον εγκαρπον, compare Genesis 1:11, Psalm 148:9”.
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‫“ = נתץ‬pull down, break down, or out” under BDB 683a.
‫“ = הרס‬throw down, break or tear down” under BDB 248b. Arab harasa “bruise,
bray, pound, crush”.
(31:29)
‫“ = בֹ סֶ ר‬unripe or sour grapes (colloquial)” under BDB 126a. Rare. Aram ‫בוס ָרא‬.
ְ Arb
busru(n) “unripe dates”.
‫“ = קהה‬be blunt, dull” under BDB 874a. Rare. Arm ‫קְ הָ א‬.
(31:30)
(31:31)
‫ – ואת־ביתַיהודה‬Text critical note = “Added - compare verse 33”.
‫“ = חָ דָ ׁש‬new” under BDB 294a. Root ‫“ = חדׁש‬new”.
(31:32)
‫“ = חזק‬be or grow firm, strong, strengthen”, Hiphil “make strong; take or keep hold
of, seize, grasp” under BDB 304a. Arm ‫“ חֲזק‬bind on or about, gird on”. Arb
ḥazaqa “bind, squeeze”.
‫ = פרר‬Hiphil “break, frustrate” under BDB 830a. JArm ‫פְ רר‬. Akk parāru “destroy”,
II “shatter”. Note form ‫ הֵּ פֵּרו‬Hiphil affix 3cp.
‫“ = בעל‬marry, rule over” under BDB 127a. Arb baʿala “own, possess (especially
wife or concubine)”. Akk bēlu. Sab ‫בעל‬. Text critical note = “Septuagint ημελησα
and Syriac bsjt = ‫ ?געלתי‬vel = MT? read MT compare Aquila εκυριευσα, Vulgate
dominatus sum”. This is tough. Either ‘and I was a husband/master to them’ or
‘and I exiled them’.
(31:33)
‫ – ביתַיׂשראל‬Text critical note = “a few manuscripts ‫”בני‬. There is a serious point
here. I have hypothesized that ‫ בני‬was the normal way to express “people/nation
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of” in Judahite Hebrew and ‫ בית‬was the normal way to express “people/house of”
in Israelean or non-Judahite Hebrew (compare Assyrian references). In other words
in Jerusalem people normally say “sons/children of Israel” but in the northern
kingdom they would say “house of”.
(31:34)
‫“ = למד‬exercise in, learn”, Piel “teach” under BDB 540b. Arm ‫( לְ מד‬rare) “learn”.
Akk lamādu “learn”.
‫“ = סלח‬forgive, pardon” under BDB 699a.