AS OF 18:00, 10 NOVEMBER 2013
SITUATION ANALYSIS
PHILIPPINES
TYPHOON HAIYAN (YOLANDA)
8 NOVEMBER, 2013
November 2013: The UN and its humanitarian partners are working alongside the Philippine Government to assess
damage that has been caused by Typhoon Haiyan - 2013's strongest storm. Credit: NOAA
www.unocha.org
The mission of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) is to mobilize and coordinate effective and
principled humanitarian action in partnership with national and international actors.
Coordination Saves Lives
REFERENCE MAP
Priority needs
A special preparedness meeting was convened by the Philippines HCT on 7 November to organize a joint
multi-cluster initial rapid needs assessment. A roster of assessment members has been composed of
technical staff from the clusters and agreement was reached with the Government to undertake joint rapid
needs assessments in three regions known to be the worst affected so far. UNDAC will coordinate further
needs assessment teams once more information becomes available. MapAction started providing technical
assistance in mapping the affected areas. The Philippines Red Cross started mobilizing assessment teams
and will base their operations from Cebu City.The results of the needs assessment will highlight the
immediate humanitarian priorities and existing gaps. Initial findings from information collection in affected
areas suggest the following priority needs:
1. Shelter
2. Food
3. Health
4. WASH
5. Camp Management
6. Logistics
Situation Overview
(8 November 2013 OCHA)
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The hazard: Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) struck the Philippines Friday on the central island of Samar
about 600 kilometers southeast of Manila. The storm carries sustained winds of 315 kilometres (195
miles) an hour and estimated rainfall is 10.0 – 30.0 mm per hour making the super typhoon the
strongest storm ever to make landfall in the world. Haiyan made its initial landfall at the island
of Guiuan, Eastern Samar at 4:45 am (local time) 2045 (UTC), PAGASA1 also recorded that Haiyan
made landfall on the Visayas region five times. Storm surge were also recorded in many places. In the
island of Leyte and Samar, PAGASA measured a 5-6 meter (15-19 ft) waves.
Affected population: Authorities warn that more than 12 million people are at risk from the storm.
WFP estimates that 2.5 million people may be in need of emergency food aid.
High risk regions: The areas likely to be most affected are Regions VIII (Eastern Visayas), V (Bicol), VII
(Central Visayas), VI (Western Visayas), and IV-B Mimaropa. – source AccuWeather.com
Total population in the worst affected regions: 18 million. (2010 population)
Evacuation: A total of 125, 604 people were evacuated prior to the arrival of the storm.
Vulnerable populations: While the preliminary reports indicate that the island of Bohol which was
recently struck by a 7.2 M earthquake, was not heavily affected by Haiyan, the affected regions are
among the poorest and vulnerable in the country. (NSCB data – 2010)
Impact: According to the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), an estimated
944,590 families (4.3 million people) are affected by the Typhoon in 36 provinces in nine regions as of
9 November. A total of 71,623 families (330,914 people) are in 1,223 evacuation centres while 2,352
families (11,223 people) are in host communities. The preliminary data is likely to change as more
information becomes available.
2. Impact of the crisis
Drivers of the emergency
Storm
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1
Typhoon Haiyan is the strongest tropical cyclone on record to make landfall. The characteristics of a
typhoon that typically results in loss of life and livelihoods include:
Storm surges: an increase in the level of the sea. When a tropical cyclone enters the coastal area,
water levels can reach heights of four meters. Strong winds can increase these heights to six meters.
Storm surges can produce extensive coastal flooding up to 40 kilometres from the coastline. This
phenomenon has great destructive potential in low-lying, densely populated coastal areas (NOAA
2011).
Heavy rains: Tropical storms frequently cause large amounts of rain, leading to (flash) floods
particularly more land inwards. On an average, a tropical cyclone can cause 100 mm per day of rain
PAGASA: Philippines Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration
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within 200 km of the eye, and 30-40 mm per day at distances of 200-400 km. (NHC, 2002). In
mountainous areas these floods can be particularly harmful as heavy flash floods can lead to
landslides (NHC, 2002).
Wind: Coastal regions can receive significant damage from a tropical cyclone due to strong winds,
which lead to substantial property damage and loss of life. Damaging winds can start long before the
hurricane eye makes landfall (NHC, 2002). At landfall, a tropical storm rapidly loses energy (JRC 2007)
hence inland regions are relatively safe from receiving strong winds.
Underlying factors
Geography
The widespread regional geography of the areas affected by Typhoon Haiyan and the island nature of the
Philippine archipelago suggests that logistical challenges will be dominant in both operational and
coordination activities.
Poverty:
Poverty incidence among the population in the areas likely to be affected is among the highest in the
Philippines. The national average for the Philippines is 24% of the population being “poor”. The
percentage of poor population in Regions IV-B, V, VI, VII, and VIII are all above that average with the
highest poverty rates in Bicol (45.1%) and in the Eastern Visayas (43.1%) – source: NSCB, 2009
Income Gap, Poverty Gap and Severity of Poverty - 2009
Income Gap
Eastern Visayas
Central Visayas
Western Visayas
Poverty Gap
27.4
Severity of Poverty
9.1
28.8
23.8
8.7
3.5
3.6
5.7 2.0
Malnutrition:
The affected areas have some of the highest malnutrition rates in the country. Regions IV-B and V have
very high rates of underweight prevalence. Region VI has a high prevalence of stunting. Region VIII has
high prevalence of both underweight and stunting in children. (NSCB data)
Health:
Health: Pre-crisis health information revealed that the 5 leading morbidity causes in REGIONS 4B,5, 6, 7 and
8 are: 1) acute lower respiratory tract infection and pneumonia, 2)bronchitis, 3)acute watery diarrhoea,
4)hypertension and 5) influenza. Leptospirosis and dengue are also very common in these affected areas.
The vaccine coverage is also quite low.
Initial damages and impact reports
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Devastation in Tacloban City, Leyte province, is severe according to the UN Disaster Assessment
and Coordination (UNDAC) team, which deployed on a military aircraft in the early morning of 9
November with members of the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). The UNDAC team described
the scale of destruction comparable to the impact of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. According to
the Philippine Red Cross (PRC), flood waters were approximately 3 metres high and brought in by a
storm surge in Tacloban.
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There is no food, water and there is no electricity in Tacloblan. Partners report looting and
insecurity in town. The road linking the airport to the city is impassable due to debris and cadavers.
Movement throughout Leyte is not possible until the roads are cleared which is expected to pose
significant logistical challenges in the emergency relief operations. Humanitarian partners were
advised to be self-sustaining with adequate supplies upon deployment to the affected areas. Many
tourists are reported to be stranded in Tacloban and in need of consular services.
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Reports from government sources indicate over 151 people were found dead on the streets in
Tacloban, but are yet to be confirmed. Aerial survey conducted by the Government, HCT members
and UNDAC over Leyte indicates significant damage to coastal areas with heavy ships thrown to the
shore, many houses destroyed and vast tracts of agricultural land decimated.
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In Bogo City and San Remigio, northern Cebu, the PRC reported significant damage to houses and
sugar plantations. One elementary school in the area was flattened to the ground and public
markets are without roofing. Another PRC assessment team reported that over 50 per cent of
houses in Santa Rita, Samar province were damaged. In Calbayog, santa Margarita, Gandar,
Tarangnan and San Jorge, agriculture was severely affected.
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There is still no electricity in Bohol, which is recovering from a 7.1 magnitude earthquake that
struck on 15 October. However, initial rapid assessments conducted by humanitarian partners
across the island on 9 November indicated that no major damages caused by the heavy rains and
landslides. People affected by the October earthquake, who relocated to solid structures during the
Typhoon crossing, are now returning to the evacuation sites and re-establishing temporary shelter
accommodation.
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In other parts of Visayas, the scale of destruction may be more widespread. Most areas, however,
are still inaccessible. Houses were damaged across the Typhoon’s path and flooding was reported
in Oriental Mindoro province including Baco municipality, Oriental Mindoro remains 80 per cent
under water. Several provinces and municipalities across Visayas have declared a state of calamity.
Telecommunications are still disrupted in Leyte and Eastern Samar. Technicians from the major
telecommunications companies are currently working on restoring the network including Télécoms
Sans Frontière.
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All commercial flights to Tacloban City and Roxas City remain suspended. According to partners on
the ground, some ferries connecting Bohol and Leyte resumed their operation. In recognition of the
accessibility challenges of responding in multiple affected areas across the Visayan islands, the UN
Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator ad interim (RC/HC a.i.) initiated the process of activating
the Logistics and Emergency Telecommunications clusters to support the Government and the
humanitarian community.
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On 9 November, the Government accepted the offer of international assistance through a letter to
the RC/HC a.i. The Armed Forces of the Philippines have also requested support for the installation
of emergency lights in four airport runways (Tacloban City, Roxas City, Iloilo City and Busuanga) to
facilitate a 24 hour delivery rotation of relief supplies. Fuel storage facilities and emergency
generators are needed.
Potential Impact and Likely Needs
Lessons learned from previous cyclones indicate that floods and severe storms with surges lead to typical
assistance needs and can have multiple impacts on particular sectors. Until assessment data becomes
available, the following provides an overview of the likely needs and impact in each of the key sectors. It
also provides a brief overview of the current situation in affected areas:
Food Security
1) Typical Assistance Needs:
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Short term food supply
Market support
Cash for work, Food for work, unconditional cash transfers
Methods for drying and preserving seed stocks
Agriculture tools distribution
Repair of roads and other infrastructure
Need to restore key saline embankments to avoid further water intrusion and further damage
varieties of seeds changes in soil as a result of the floodwaters
Restoring fishing activities
2) Probable direct and indirect impact:
Direct Impact:
Loss of food stock, crop yields, death and migration of animals; winds and heavy rain destroy standing
crops; Loss of tools and seeds, flooding of farmland; Standing flood water limits replanting options or soil
salinity due to storm-surge inundation; Damage to infrastructure and transportation systems; Loss and
injury of family members and workforce
Indirect Impact:
Worsening of the food security situation in the medium and long term leading to decreased access to food;
decreased food access from purchase, due to loss of income; increase of prices for basic foods and
commodities, stressed animals, leading to falls in milk/egg production and weight loss Demand for labour
decreases, leading to loss of income; Decreased food availability and access
3) Current Situation
As farmers already harvested most of their crops (October), crop loss could be minimal. However,
agricultural infrastructure, particularly irrigation and post-harvest facilities, are affected. It is critical that
vulnerable farmers receive agricultural inputs for the upcoming cropping season beginning in December so
they can continue their livelihood activities and focus their available resources on rebuilding their damaged
houses, recovering lost/damaged productive assets, and meeting other household needs. Fishing will be
highly impacted due to storm surge and damage to boats.
Health
1) Typical Assistance Needs:
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To support the Department of Health in coordinating the health sector response
Ensure adequate trauma care and referral of wounded
Enhancement of health surge capacities; including health staff, procurement and distribution of
essential medical supplies and set-up of temporary health facilities and mobile clinics to replace the
totally damaged health facilities/services
Re-establish/strengthening the disease surveillance and outbreak control through ensuring systematic
epidemiological data collection and analysis and dissemination of reports for furhte health intervention
or decision making
Ensure equitable and timely access to essential primary and secondary care(ie. Primary health care,
mother and child care, reproductive health, mental health, referral system and the re-establishment of
drugs and cold chain management system)
Ensure adequate medical waste disposal and waste management
Raising awareness on the risk associated with cleanup activities
Immunizations: Measles,Tetanus (TIG), possibly hepatitis A and typhoid
Direct Impact:
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Physical injury represents the major cause of death and the primary cause of morbidity; Injuries,
trauma and asphyxiation due to entrapment may result from building collapse and wind-strewn
debris.
The top three cyclone-related injuries are lacerations, blunt trauma, and puncture wounds, with 80
percent of these injuries being confined to the feet and lower extremities.
Lacerations (torn or ragged wounds) account for up to 80% of all injuries. Most occur in the poststorm clean-up phase.
There is an increased likelihood of outbreak of diarrhea, leptospirosis and measles throughout all
potentially affected regions. As well as increased risk for other water borne disease and vector
borne diseases can be exacerbated. There is also a higher incidence of tetanus compared with the
national average in the affected areas.
Conditions following a cyclone that increase the likelihood of infectious diseases include 1)
disruption of public health services and the health-care infrastructure, 2) damage to water and
sanitation networks, 3) changes in population density (especially in crowded shelters), 4)
population displacement and migration, 5) increased environmental exposure due to damage to
dwellings, and 6) ecologic changes 7) high endemic rates of infectious diseases (Shultz 2005).
An increased incidence of animal and insect bites following tropical cyclones
Exposure to hazardous materials during the impact, as well as during the clean-up phase of the
disaster.
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Chronic diseases (such as asthma and emphysema, and hypertension) are known to be
exacerbated.
Risk of electrocution or drowning happen while securing property such as television antennas or
boats (WHO 2011).
Epidemics can also occur when the displaced return home in areas where water and sanitation
facilities were destroyed. The presence of a large number of corpses following catastrophic natural
disasters is not associated with epidemic infectious diseases. These deaths are caused by the
natural disaster, not by disease, and therefore do not lead to epidemics.
Indirect Impact:
Overcrowded health structures; lack of access to basic healthcare; potential deterioration of nutritional
status and illness if there is lack of access to healthcare; disruption of water supplies can lead to waterborne illnesses; overcrowding can lead to risk of communicable diseases; reduction in breastfeeding and
ensuing health complications; increase in mosquitos can increase vector-borne diseases.
3) Current Situation
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Environment-related health risks have been cited as a significant problem, with air pollution, water
pollution, poor sanitation and unhygienic practices, and mismanagement of solid wastes, among
others, contributing to an estimated 22% of reported cases of disease and nearly 6% of reported
deaths per year.
Vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue and filariasis, are an ever-present danger. Although
malaria is no longer a leading cause of death, it continues to threaten the lives of about 12 million
Filipinos in the 58 endemic provinces.
Dengue fever also remains a threat, with cyclical outbreaks every three to five years.
Outbreaks of diarrhoeal diseases are common in several areas of the country and are almost always
related to a contaminated water supply. Most outbreaks are caused by cholera and salmonella.
Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are considered a major public health concern in the Philippines,
accounting for six of the top 10 causes of death. Diseases of the heart and vascular system are the
leading causes of mortality, comprising nearly one-third (31%) of all deaths.
The Philippines is one of 55 countries accounting for 94% of all maternal deaths in the world.
The Philippines is also one of 42 countries accounting for 90% of global under-five deaths. The
under-five mortality rate (U5MR) is currently 34 per 1000 live births.
Tuberculosis is still among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The country has the ninth
highest TB incidence in the world and the second highest in the Western Pacific Region.
Child Health: Eastern Visayas (Reg VIII) has the 2nd highest rates of child mortality in the Philippines at 64
per 100,000 live births. (Philippines 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey)
Maternal Health: More than 90% of Filipino women receive at least some antenatal care (ANC)
from a skilled provider, most commonly from a midwife (51%) or doctor (39%). Less than half of
births in the Philippines (44%) occur in health facilities. Overall, 62% of births are delivered by a
skilled provider (doctor, nurse, or midwife). Another 36% of births are assisted by a traditional
birth attendant or hilot.
Maternal Health in High Risk Regions
Pregnant women who received antenatal care from
a skilled provider (%)
Births assisted by a skilled provider (%)
97
85
67
39
27
Mimaropa
Region
46
Central
Visayas
48
43 34
Eastern
Visayas
97
94
92
90
33
Northern
Mindanao
51 42
Davao
50
30
Caraga
Hospitals in affected areas:
Reg:
IV-B
V
VI
VII
Hospitals
(Private
and Gov)
64
109
86
105
Brgy.
763
1134
1776
1658
VIII
76
809
Health
stations
Water and Sanitation
1) Typical Assistance Needs:
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Distribution of safe water and provision of water recipients for purification
Rapid cleaning and disinfecting programme for affected water sources
Raising tube-wells and boreholes above flood level to prevent contamination
Provision of buckets and water containers in relief packages
2) Direct and Indirect Impact:
Direct Impact:
 Damage to pipelines as a result of landslides and strong water currents and uprooted trees due to
strong winds
 Damage to elevated and ground-level tanks;
 Contamination of water in tanks, pipes and wells. Shallow wells are more prone to contamination
from flooding than deep boreholes (WASH Cluster, 2009).
 Groundwater is an important source of water for many rural communities in developing countries.
If the water table is within 1.5m of the bottom of a pit latrine it is almost certainly contaminated
and using water from wells in the vicinity of excreta disposal facilities is not recommended after a
tropical cyclone (WASH Cluster, 2009).
 The rise of water levels in sewer outfalls can cause waste water to flood the interiors of homes,
lower levels of buildings, and public throughways.
 Watercourses can be affected by flooding, thereby altering expected flood levels, damaging or
breaking pipes, exceeding the capacity of existing drains, and increasing turbidity in runoff.
 Failure of energy supply may lead to shut down of water plant, pumping station and debris may
lead to damages to water plants
 Heavy rain may cause flooding of water plants and risk of sediments carried out by flash floods
may lead to silting problem in water sources.
 Risk of flooding/ silting of groundwater sources (boreholes)
 Heavy flash floods may cause breakdown on distribution pipe network with consequent
contamination
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Disruption of other improved water sources (water wells protected /unprotected with/without
pumps, gravity feed systems small networks)
Flood of water wells and protected spring causing cross contamination
Loss of water intake, springs and river intake due to shifting on water course, siltation debris
Indirect Impact:
 With lack of available drinking water, risk of waterborne disease outbreak, increase of morbidity
and mortality particularly within most vulnerable (women, children, older people)
 Stagnant water may contribute to the increase of vector particularly malaria.
 Insufficient quantity of water available per person and per day
 Increased distance to functional water source
 Lack of latrines can lead to open defecation
 Lack of available and functional latrines can force women to wait after dark to be able to use an
(open air) latrine in private. This can cause constipation and expose women to SGBV.
3) Current Situation:
Throughout the Philippines, 93% of the population has access to improved drinking water sources. Urban
context: Out of 93 % of the population that has access to improved drinking water sources, 61% have
access to piped water while 32% to other improved water sources and only 7% depend on unimproved
water sources. Rural context: Out of 93 % of the population that has access to improved drinking water
source, 25% have access to piped water, 67% to other improved water source; only 7% depend on
unimproved water sources and 1% on surface water.
Country wise 74% of the population has access to improved sanitation facilities, 16% to shared facilities,
2% to unimproved facilities while 8% practice open defecation. Urban context: 79 % of the population has
access to improved facilities and 17 % to shared ones, while 1% has unimproved sanitation facility 3% of
urban population practice open defecation. Rural context: 69 % of the population has access to improved
facilities and 16 % to share ones, while 3% has unimproved sanitation facility and 12% of rural population
practice open defecation.
Shelter and NFI
1) Typical Assistance Needs:
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Evacuation and emergency shelter solutions for roof and weather coverage particularly as the rainy
season begins and additional tropical storm depressions appear to be forming in the Pacific.
Tool kits for cleanup, rubble and debris removal, and material salvaging
Measures to reduce the individual risk of being exposed to vector-borne diseases, such as mosquito
nets.
NFI kits according to household needs – blankets, cooking sets, sleeping mats
2) Direct and Indirect Impact:
Direct Impact:
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Houses are typically pulled apart by winds moving swiftly around and over the building resulting in loss
of shelter
Floodwater can submerge buildings and cause various degrees of damage from staining of walls to
structural collapse depending on flood depth and/ or duration and type of building (ADPC 2005).
Debris and mud must be removed before rebuilding can take place (Brookings Institute 2010).
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The distribution of hygiene or health related NFI‟s should always be accompanied by information on
why it is included in the distribution and on optimal use (WASH Cluster).
Indirect Impact:
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Land/property issues and related disputes typically emerge in the aftermath of a disaster, particularly in
urban areas where there is high demand for housing.
Land ownership after floods can pose problems as land markers can be washed away by floods
3) Current Situation
Some 75,000 people are living in displacement centres in the southern port of Zamboanga due to recent
fighting. Around 350,000 people are living in tents and other temporary shelters on Bohol after a recent
earthquake that killed over 200 people. The area is near Haiyan’s landfall entry-point. (The Guardian)
Education:
Schools are currently closed in affected areas.
Number of Schools in the Affected Regions School Year 2011-2012
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
Pre-school
Western Visayas
Elementary
Central Visayas
Secondary
Eastern Visayas
Protection:
Protection risks may be exacerbated following a natural disaster in the following manner as highlighted in
the IASC Guidance on the protection of Persons in Situations of Natural Disasters:
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Lack of safety and security (e.g. rampant crime, secondary impacts of natural disasters, etc.);
Gender-based violence;
Unequal access to assistance, basic goods and services and discrimination in aid provision;
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Abuse, neglect and exploitation of children;
Family separation, particularly for children, older persons, persons with disabilities and other
individuals who may rely on family support for their survival;
Loss/destruction of personal documentation and difficulties to replace it, in particular due to
inadequate birth registration mechanisms;
Inadequate law enforcement mechanisms and restricted access to a fair and efficient justice
system;
Lack of effective feedback and complaint mechanisms;
Unequal access to employment and livelihood opportunities;
Forced relocation;
Unsafe or involuntary return or resettlement of persons displaced by the disaster; or
Lack of property restitution and access to land.
It is important to note that natural disasters may have different impacts on women, men, boys and girls. In
particular, disasters can cause displacement putting women and girls at risk of sexual and gender based
violence.
Early Recovery:
1) Typical Assistance Needs:
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Debris clearance and restoration of access to basic services, communication and information,
humanitarian assistance and address potential health hazards;
Restoration of basic community infrastructure for social, governance and basic services;
Enhance capacity of local authority to lead and coordinate humanitarian response efforts;
Environmentally accepted solid waste/debris management to remove immediate health risks;
Recycle and reuse of fallen trees, bricks, woods, and other materials through establishing material
recovery facilities providing income generation opportunities;
Community capacity building on disaster risk reduction and management;
Cash-for-work engaging affected people, women and men, indigenous people and youth to meet the
immediate cash needs of affected households; and
Design and implement emergency life-saving income generation schemes through engaging public
works.
2) Direct and Indirect Impact:
Direct Impact:
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Affected communities and households will have access to critical life-saving services and humanitarian
assistance;
Humanitarian service providers will have access to the people/communities in need of their support to
deliver goods and services;
People in the affected areas will have access to communication and information;
Affected community will have an improved sanitary and healthy environment with reduced health
risks; and
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Affected households will have a diverse source of emergency income to meet their immediate basic
needs.
Indirect Impact:
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Restored the access and functions of critical social and economic services;
Unnecessary sickness or deaths will have been prevented through improved environmental conditions;
Local government’s public services will become fully operational and accessible;
Solid Waste Management Act will have been followed and implemented in the affected municipalities;
Affected households and communities will have strengthened their level of resilience; and
Disaster risk reduction and management mechanism will become fully operational at the barangay
level.
3) Current Situation
Many roads linking the airport to the city and throughout Leyte are impassable due to debris and cadavers.
Movements throughout affected communities are not possible until the roads are cleared. Debris clearing of
major roads has been initiated by the government; the scale of devastation is overwhelming and requires
further and immediate supports. Communities and households are severely damaged or totally destroyed
and most of them are under debris, mud and water. Enormous challenges exist to clear access roads from
the community to main roads as well as from households to access basic services and humanitarian
assistance. Most community public facilities such as schools, health clinics, wells, barangay halls and
markets have been destroyed.
Scope of the crisis and demographic profile of the affected
Source: NDDRMC, SitRep No. 9, Effects of Typhoon “Yolanda” (Haiyan), 8 November 2013, 6:00 AM.
Projected Affected Population
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
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Male
Female
Status of populations living in affected areas
Due to logistical constraints and compromised communication systems information on the population
living in affected areas is not available. Only a few preliminary reports are available from staff who
were already in the areas affected or have managed to make their way there. It is expected that a rapid
needs assessment conducted jointly by the Government and HCT agencies, supported by UNDAC will
take place beginning on 11 Nov. This is subject to the availability of seats on military aircraft as
commercial flights are suspended.
2. Capacity
National and local capacities and response
The NDRRMC held an emergency meeting on 6 November to take stock of the government’s response
capacity. All government line agencies are on full alert to respond to the potential effects of the typhoon. A
new eye witness monitoring mechanism using the local police is also being rolled out to facilitate access to
real time information on damage to key public infrastructures. This being said, on 9 Nov, the Government
accepted an offer of assistance from the UN Humanitarian Coordinator.
International capacities and response
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With the recent successive emergencies in the Philippines which began with the outbreak of
fighting in Zamboanga City and Basilan on 9 September and the 7.2 magnitude Bohol earthquake
on 15 October, the response capacities of many agencies in the HCT is overstretched. Additional
surge support will be required.
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The UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) together with the Asia-Pacific
Humanitarian Partnership, Télécoms Sans Frontière and MapAction have arrived to the Philippines
to assist the Government and the HCT in establishing coordination hubs and conduct initial
assessments. These hubs are in Taclaban, and Roxas City as of 10 Nov. Similarly, members of the
ASEAN Emergency Rapid Assessment Team have deployed to support coordination and emergency
telecommunication.
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On 9 November, the Government announced the establishment of two forward command posts to
coordinate the emergency relief operations given the widespread area affected by the typhoon. A
command post was established in Tacloban City (one hub located in the airport and another in the
municipal hall). to respond to the affected areas in eastern Visayas. Another post will be
established in Roxas City, Capiz province for western Visayas response. Logistics support for
Tacloban City will be based in Cebu while the hub for Roxas City will be in Iloilo City according. The
HCT and PRC will also establish a hub in Tacloban City.
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Assessment of affected areas in Leyte and Eastern Samar is expected to begin within 24 to 48
hours. However, the areas covered may be limited due fallen trees and debris.
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The Government is in the process of establishing a major air hub in Cebu City to expedite the
clearance of incoming international assistance.

The RC/HC a.i. confirmed that the Humanitarian Country Team is supporting the Government
through the cluster coordination mechanism. Twelve clusters, including Health, Logistics,
Emergency Telecommunications, WASH, Nutrition, Education, Protection, Emergency Shelter,
Camp Coordination/Camp Management, Early Recovery, Livelihoods and Food Security and
Agriculture, are working with partners to ensure initial assessments and rapid response.

On the morning of 9 November, two UNDAC Teams have deployed to Tacloban City. One
Assessment Team is based at Tacloban Airport, a second one at Tacloban City townhall. UNDAC
established a preliminary office at the airport to brief and coordinate incoming international
responders. Additional Teams are expected to deploy on 10 November to Iloilo and Roxas cities.

PRC teams have been deployed and are continuing to conduct assessments throughout the
affected areas.

An inter-agency mission traveled throughout Bohol (site of the 15 Oct earthquake) and found that
damage was relatively light.

HCT members have mobilized personnel, pre-positioned stockpiles (such as hygiene and WASH kits,
emergency shelter, reproductive health supplies, child friendly spaces, water bladders, and ready to
eat food), alerted partners along the typhoon’s path and notified suppliers for additional relief
materials. Ongoing programmes in Visayas and Mindanao may also be tapped to provide additional
support if needed.

Logistics was also identified as a huge challenge given the depletion of existing stockpiles due to
multiple emergencies in the Philippines. Additional airlifts may increase the cost of transporting
additional materials.

To augment data from the joint rapid needs assessment, the Digital Humanitarian Network has
been activated to support the humanitarian response. Triangulated results will be geo-tagged and
shared to support the assessment.
Philippines
Cluster
Educatio n
Sector
Emergency
Shelter
Cluster
ETC
Cluster
Fo o d Security
Cluster
Health
Cluster
Liveliho o d
Cluster
Lo gistics
Cluster
Nutritio n
Cluster
P ro tectio n
Cluster
WA SH
2007
Activated
CCCM
2007
Activated
Cluster
2007
Activated
Cluster
2007
Activated
A griculture
2007
Activated
Coordination arrangement
2007
Activated
DOH
2007
DSWD
Activated
DOH
2007
OCD
Activated
DSWD
2007
DOH
Activated
DSWD
2007
OCD
Activated
DSWD
2007
DepEd
Activated
DSWD
2007
DA
UNICEF
Yes
UNHCR
No
Yes
UNICEF
No
No
WFP
No
No
ILO
No
No
No
WHO
No
No
No
WFP
No
No
No
WFP
No
No
No
IFRC
No
No
No
UNICEF/SC
No
No
No
IOM
No
No
No
FAO
If IASC endorsed clusters, current state Activated
Year of cluster activation
In-country lead agency (national level)
Full-time cluster/sector coordinator No
No
No
In-country co-lead agency (national level)
Information manager No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Dedicated monitoring & reporting officer No
Yes
Yes
TBC
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
National NGO participation Yes
TBC
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
TBC
TBC
TBC
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Government participation/co-chairing Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
TBC
TBC
TBC
TBC
TBC
TBC
Yes
Cluster/sector coordination at the sub-national level Yes
NGOs as leads/co-leads of sub-national coordination No
Clusters/sectors ensure coordinated needs assessment Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Regular performance review & corrective action No
Yes
Cluster/sector provides information for planning & monitoring Yes
Existing cluster/sector strategic plan No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Cluster/sector strategy implementation monitoring No
Existing exit/transition strategy No
Yes
The
following
chart
details the
current
cluster
arrangeme
nts in the
Philippines:
Participation in inter-cluster/sector coordination mechanism Yes
Cluster
Coordina
tion
Arrange
ments
3. Access and Gaps
Humanitarian Access


Telecommunication and electricity remain interrupted. Airports and some seaports are closed.
Roads are reported blocked due to falling trees and debris
Coverage and Gaps (TBD)
Camp Coordination and Camp Management

Early Recovery








Lack of access to majority of severely affected barangays in 36 provinces due to debris and severely
damaged transport and communication facilities. Debris clearance will facilitate humanitarian access.
Lack of information of extent of damage due to cut off communications between the Provincial
Government and affected municipalities and barangays.
Most community infrastructures were destroyed adding to the humanitarian crisis and require
immediate restoration.
Diminished and low capacity of affected local governments to provide services and coordination
support.
Deployed ER coordinators and needs assessment team.
Further deployment from HQs to establish early recovery coordination system at the national and local
levels.
Connected with networks of NGOs serving as members and implementing partners of ER Cluster.
Allocation of initial funding for initiating debris clearing through cash-for-work.
Education

Food Security and Agriculture

Health
Response by Department of Health (DoH) as of 6 PM 08 November 2013 (NDRRMS Sitrep No. 7)


Code white for hospitals with standby response teams in all affected Regions.
Code Blue activated in all of the affected Regions.



Prepositioned assorted drugs, medicines and first aid kits to the provinces of Region VI, VII and VIII
Assigned Rapid Assessment Teams and Surveillance Teams in (6) provinces; Stationed medical and
surgical teams at BRTTH and Bicol Medical Centre.
Prepositioned the following:
o 150-200 hygiene kits in six (6) provinces
o 1,839 hygiene kits
o 15 barrels of chlorine granules
o 5,000 bags on credit sales with NFA to be given to LGUs
o 2,000 family packs
Nutrition

Protection

Emergency Shelter




According to The Philippines Red Cross (PRC), prior to the storm’s arrival 10 units of IFRC tents
were issued as health emergency tents.
Additionally, the PRC deployed standby response units trained to implement emergency shelters.
Currently, schools are being used as emergency shelters. However, there is concern that public
buildings won’t be able withstand the winds. (Reuters)
NGO, Save the Children, plans to distribute temporary school tents.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

Emergency Telecommunications*

Logistics*
4. Most likely scenario
At this early stage it is hard to know for certain the scale and scope of this emergency. Clearly there is very
severe damage and widespread humanitarian needs in and around Tacloban. Reports of various degree of
damage have been received from Samar, Leyte, Cebu, and Aklan and Capiz. The Government has
accepted the offer of humanitarian assistance. Most likely a large scale humanitarian operation will be
conducted, led by the Government, support by the international humanitarian community, local NGOs,
bilateral assistance from UN member states is also expected raising the need for civil/military coordination.
An action plan, prioritizing actions on behalf of the international community and the needed resources will be
launched shortly.
Baseline
- extracted from World Bank data website
Philippines
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2009
2010
2011
2012
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
15.9
16.2
16.6
17
14
15
15
16
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total net enrolment ratio in primary education, both sexes
88.1
88.7
Total net enrolment ratio in primary education, boys
87.1
87.9
Total net enrolment ratio in primary education, girls
89.2
89.5
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
28.5
27.4
26.4
25.4
2008
2009
2010
2011
22.6
21.7
21
20.2
2008
2009
2010
2011
92
88
80
79
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2012
1.1 Proportion of population below $1 (PPP) per day
Population below $1 (PPP) per day, percentage
18.4
Population below national poverty line, total, percentage
26.5
Population below national poverty line, urban, percentage
Poverty gap ratio at $1 a day (PPP), percentage
3.7
2008
1.2 Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age
Children under 5 moderately or severely underweight, percentage
20.7
1.3 Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy
consumption
Population undernourished, percentage
Population undernourished, millions
1.4 Net enrolment ratio in primary education
1.5 Under-five mortality rate
Children under five mortality rate per 1,000 live births
2012
1.6 Infant mortality rate
Infant mortality rate (0-1 year) per 1,000 live births
2012
1.7 Proportion of 1 year-old children immunized against measles
Children 1 year old immunized against measles, percentage
1.8 Maternal mortality ratio
Maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births
99
2008
2009
2010
2011
People living with HIV, 15-49 years old, percentage (lower bound)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
People living with HIV, 15-49 years old, percentage
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
People living with HIV, 15-49 years old, percentage (upper bound)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.9 HIV prevalence among population aged 15-24 years
www.unocha.org
The mission of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) is to mobilize and coordinate effective and
principled humanitarian action in partnership with national and international actors.
Coordination Saves Lives
HIV prevalence rate, women 15-49 years old, in national based surveys
HIV prevalence rate, men 15-49 years old, in national based surveys
AIDS deaths (lower bound)
200
500
500
500
AIDS deaths
500
500
500
500
AIDS deaths (upper bound)
500
1000
1000
1000
HIV incidence rate, 15-49 years old, percentage (lower bound)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
HIV incidence rate, 15-49 years old, percentage (mid-point)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
HIV incidence rate, 15-49 years old, percentage (upper bound)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2012
2.0 Incidence and death rates associated with malaria
Notified cases of malaria per 100,000 population
145
Malaria death rate per 100,000 population, all ages
Malaria death rate per 100,000 population, ages 0-4
2008
2009
2010
2011
Tuberculosis prevalence rate per 100,000 population (mid-point)
548
520
502
484
Tuberculosis prevalence rate per 100,000 population (lower bound)
487
459
441
425
Tuberculosis prevalence rate per 100,000 population (upper bound)
612
584
566
546
Tuberculosis death rate per year per 100,000 population (mid-point)
32
31
30
29
Tuberculosis death rate per year per 100,000 population (lower bound)
30
28
27
26
Tuberculosis death rate per year per 100,000 population (upper bound)
34
34
33
33
Tuberculosis incidence rate per year per 100,000 population (mid-point)
Tuberculosis incidence rate per year per 100,000 population (lower
bound)
Tuberculosis incidence rate per year per 100,000 population (upper
bound)
285
280
275
270
233
230
227
223
2.1 Incidence, prevalence and death rates associated with
tuberculosis
342
335
328
322
Tuberculosis detection rate under DOTS, percentage (lower bound)
45
48
54
64
Tuberculosis detection rate under DOTS, percentage (upper bound)
67
70
79
93
2008
2009
2010
2011
Tuberculosis detection rate under DOTS, percentage (mid-point)
54
57
65
76
Tuberculosis treatment success rate under DOTS, percentage
88
89
91
2008
2009
2010
2012
2.2 Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under
directly observed treatment short course
2011
2012
2011
2012
2.3 Proportion of land area covered by forest
Proportion of land area covered by forest, percentage
25.7
2008
2009
2010
2.4 Proportion of total water resources used
Proportion of total water resources used, percentage
17
2008
2.5 Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source
2009
2010
2011
2012
Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources,
total
Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources,
urban
Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources,
rural
92
92
92
92
93
93
93
93
91
91
92
92
2008
2009
2010
2011
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, total
72
73
74
74
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, urban
78
79
79
79
Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural
67
68
69
69
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2010
2011
2012
2012
2.6 Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility
2.7 Proportion of urban population living in slums
Slum population as percentage of urban, percentage
40.9
Slum population in urban areas
18301720
2008
2009
2.8 Fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants
Fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants
Fixed telephone lines
4.52
4.47
3.58
3.75
4.08
4076140
4100000
3335398
3555951
3939000
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
75.54
82.43
89.16 99.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions
68117167
75586646
83150138
106.77
94189795
103000000
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
6.22
9
25
29
36.24
3.0 Internet users per 100 inhabitants
Internet users per 100 inhabitants
Internet users
Personal computers per 100 inhabitants
Personal computers