Table S1. Strains and plasmids used in the studies. Strain and plasmid Relevant characteristics Source or reference EHA105 C58 strain containing pTiBo542 harboring the vir genes but not T-DNA (Hood et al. 1993) EHA105ΔvirE2 EHA105 derivative, with virE2 deleted from pTiBo542 This study EHA105virE2::GFP11 EHA105 derivative, with the GFP11 coding sequence inserted into virE2 on pTiBo542 at 162 bp This study downstream from ATG+1 EHA105virE2::GFP11nls1 EHA105virE2::GFP11 derivative, with the first nuclear localization signal residues, 221KLR. . .KYGRR237, replaced with alanine A. tumefaciens This study A348 EHA105virE2::GFP11derivative, with virD4 deleted from pTiBo542 EHA105 derivative, with the GFP11 coding sequence inserted at C-terminus of virE2 on pTiBo542 A136 (pTiA6NC) (Octopine-type) A348ΔvirE2 A348 derivative, with virE2 deleted from pTiA6NC This study A348-105virE2 A348 derivative, with its original virE2 gene replaced by EHA105 virE2 This study A348-105virE2::GFP11 A348 derivative, with its original virE2 gene replaced by EHA105 virE2::GFP11 This study Mata his3Δ1 leu2Δ0 met15Δ0 ura3Δ0 Open Biosystems pCMV-mGFP1-10 A vector containing GFP1-10 coding sequence American Peptide Company pmGFP Cterm S11 A vector containing GFP11 coding sequence American Peptide Company EHA105virE2::GFP11ΔvirD4 EHA105virE2-GFP11C This study This study (Knauf and Nester 1982) S. cerevisiae BY4741 Plasmids r pCB301 A mini binary vector; Km (Oliver et al. 1999) pHB A binary vector; pCAMBIA3301 derivative, with GUS coding sequence replaced by htpII, encoding hygromycin phosphotransferase II; an expression (Mao et al. 2005) cassette containing 2×35S promoter, MCS, and RBCS poly(A) sequence, was cloned into EcoRI and HindIII sites. pHB-GFP1-10 pHB derivative, with the GFP1-10 coding sequence This study inserted at HindIII. pQH04-GFP1-10 The GFP1-10 coding sequence was inserted at HindIII to replace AD4 of pACT2 (Clontech), LEU2 This study was replaced by HIS3 pHT101 A derivative of the binary vector pCB301, ligated at SalI with pACT2, in which the GAL4AD gene is This study replaced at HindIII by the EGFP reporter gene driven by the ADH1 promoter. pEX18Tc Counterselectable plasmid carrying sacB marker, oriT; Tcr pEX18TcKm pEX18Tc derivative, with a 1029 bp nptIII cassette This study fragment inserted at KpnI, Kmr pA348-VE2KO pEX18TcKm derivative, with a 834 bp fragment upstream of virE2 (from pTiA6NC) inserted at PstI This study and a 985 bp fragment downstream of virE2 (from pTiA6NC) inserted at BamHI pA348-105VE2 pA348-105VE2::GFP11 (Schweizer et al. 1998) pA348-VE2KO derivative, with a 1650 bp EHA105 virE2 coding sequence inserted between the A348 This study virE2 upstream and downstream sequence pA348-VE2KO derivative, with a 1698 bp EHA105 virE2::GFP11 coding sequence inserted between the This study A348 virE2 upstream and downstream sequence pEHA105-VE2::GFP11 pEX18TcKm derivative, with a virE2::GFP11 fragment inserted at PstI pEHA105-VE2-GFP11C pEX18TcKm derivative, with a virE2-GFP11 coding sequence together with a 1205 bp fragment This study downstream of virE2 inserted at PstI. pQH308A The GFP1-10 coding sequence was inserted into pDs-Lox (Woody et al. 2007) to replace Bar. The resulting cassette Pmas:GFP1-10:Tnos was PCR amplified and inserted into pBI121 (Chen et al. 2003) at ClaI-HindIII. A DsRed ORF was then inserted at XbaI-BamHI downstream of 35S promoter. A. thaliana H16 N. benthamiana Nb308A This study This study Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plant with T-DNA from pHB-GFP1-10 This study Transgenic N. benthamiana plant with T-DNA from pQH308A This study REFERENCES Chen, P.Y., Wang, C.K., Soong, S.C. and To, K.Y. (2003) Complete sequence of the binary vector pBI121 and its application in cloning T-DNA insertion from transgenic plants. Mol Breeding, 11, 287-293. Hood, E.E., Gelvin, S.B., Melchers, L.S. and Hoekema, A. (1993) New Agrobacterium helper plasmids for gene transfer to plants. Transgenic Res, 2, 208-218. Knauf, V.C. and Nester, E.W. (1982) Wide host range cloning vectors: a cosmid clone bank of an Agrobacterium Ti plasmid. Plasmid, 8, 45-54. Mao, J., Zhang, Y.C., Sang, Y., Li, Q.H. and Yang, H.Q. (2005) A role for Arabidopsis cryptochromes and COP1 in the regulation of stomatal opening. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 102, 12270-12275. Oliver, D.J., Xiang, C.B., Han, P., Lutziger, I. and Wang, K. (1999) A mini binary vector series for plant transformation. Plant Mol Biol, 40, 711-717. Schweizer, H.P., Hoang, T.T., Karkhoff-Schweizer, R.R. and Kutchma, A.J. (1998) A broad-host-range Flp-FRT recombination system for site-specific excision of chromosomally-located DNA sequences: application for isolation of unmarked Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants. Gene, 212, 77-86. Woody, S.T., Austin-Phillips, S., Amasino, R.M. and Krysan, P.J. (2007) The WiscDsLox T-DNA collection: an arabidopsis community resource generated by using an improved high-throughput T-DNA sequencing pipeline. J Plant Res, 120, 157-165.