Here ecosystem s support an astoundin g variety of flora and fauna, many of which are no longer found on mainland Singapore. Pulau Semaka u By Lim Jerome (2O2)22 Pulau Semakau is an island located at the south of mainland Singapore. The current island is reclaimed from two islands, Pulau Semakau and Pulau Sakeng, to build Singapore's first offshore landfill - Semakau Landfill. While the whole of Pulau Sakeng and part of the old Pulau Semakau were subsumed by the land reclamation process, the remaining natural part of Pulau Semakau that was not affected by the landfill construction has an enormous intertidal area rich in biodiversity and comprising several ecosystems.(submit to phychhemsci@gmail.com) 1. 2. Negligent or inexperienced divers without proper buoyancy control, leave a trail of broken corals. Anchor damage is caused by fishing boats and pleasure craft. Accidental oil spills remain as an ever-present threat. The oil contaminates the upper parts of some reef flats.