MOPANI
DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY
PROFILE
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
3.
4.
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
5.
6.
7.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
Overview
Municipalities within the District
Political and Administrative Leadership and Seat of District
Political Representation
SERVICE DELIVERY
Household Infrastructure
Sanitation
Water
Electricity
Refuse Removal
Service Provider
AUDIT OPINIONS
STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ASSESSMENT
Overview of findings on assessment in the Municipality
Governance
Financial Management and Viability
Service Delivery
INFRASTRUCTURE PRIORITIES IN TERMS OF THE MUNICIPAL
TURN-AROUND STRATEGY
MIG PROJECTS
VULNERABILITY CLASSIFICATION
2
3
4
4
5
5
6
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
14
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Mopani District Municipality has low levels of urbanisation. Other than Ba-Phalaborwa
Municipality where nearly 66% of the population can be classified as urbanised, the
level in the other municipalities is below 15%. The mining sector contributes 30% to the
GDP, Agriculture is the most important economic sector in Greater Tzaneen, Greater
Giyani, Maruleng and Greater Letaba. There are five local municipalities within the
district. The steadily growing population places an additional strain on current
resources. Formal employment is scarce and unemployment and poverty levels remain
very high. More than 50% of the adult population is functionally illiterate. The low
education levels and concomitant lack of skills needed in the formal labour market
further compound the problem.
The towns and their extensions have well-developed water services while most rural
villages do not. The majority of settlements are in the rural areas where the lack of
water services it’s the delivery of sanitation. The dispersed nature of the settlements
makes provision difficult and the majority of dwellings use pit latrines or simply have no
sanitation facilities at all.
An overview of household access to infrastructure in the district shows an improvement
from a lower level of 40% in 1996 to a higher level of 53% in 2009. The main contributor
to the increase in access is electricity infrastructure.
From 2005/6 to 2006/7 Mopani district municipality and all the local municipalities within
its jurisdiction did not register any improvement in audit outcomes. Letaba local
municipality was the only municipality to achieve financially unqualified with findings
audit results in 2008/9 and 2009/10.
The State of Local Government Assessment found that in the Mopani District there is a
contestation of powers and functions between the District and some of its local
municipalities. The Greater Tzaneen and Ba-Phalaborwa municipalities applied for the
water service authority functions, and are of the view that the district is prolonging
timeframes for service delivery. The District is of the view that the powers allocated to
them did not allow for interventions in local municipalities. The Mopani District
municipality is still having a serious challenge with the waste management function.
In terms of its Municipal Turn-Around Strategy the District identified access to water and
sanitation as still a huge priority in this District.
Three of the five local municipalities in the Mopani District have been classified as in the
category of most vulnerable by DCoG in terms of functionality, socio-economic profile
and backlog status. This profile confirms that infrastructure prioritisation in Mopani
District should focus on access to clean water and sanitation.
3
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1
Overview1
The Mopani District Municipality (MDM) is located in a region where there are
spectacular natural resources, including forests, bushveld, sweeping plains and wild life.
The district was named due to the abundance of the nutritional Mopani worm in the
area.
Mopani District Municipality comprises five local municipalities: Ba-Phalaborwa, Greater
Giyani, Greater Tzaneen, Maruleng and Greater Letaba. Maruleng was incorporated as
a result of demarcation changes instituted in March 2006.
The three major towns in the district are Tzaneen, Phalaborwa and Modjadjiskloof.
Other substantial towns are Giyani, Nkowankowa, Lulekani, Ga-Kgapane, Lenyenye,
Gravelotte, Hoedspruit and Namakgale. Levels of urbanization are low. Other than BaPhalaborwa Municipality where nearly 66% of the population can be classified as
urbanised, the level in the other municipalities is below 15%.
The mining sector contributes 30% to the GDP, followed by the general government
services sector (17%) and finance and business services (15%).
Retail is an important secondary economic sector, especially in the Giyani area which
serves a large rural area. There is currently a lack of wholesalers in the municipality
which results in shop owners having to travel to Tzaneen, Polokwane and even
Johannesburg to obtain stock.
Agriculture is the most important economic sector in Greater Tzaneen, Greater Giyani,
Maruleng and Greater Letaba. In addition to citrus fruits, sub-tropical fruit, including
mangoes, avocadoes and bananas are grown. Mining is the most important sector in
Ba-Phalaborwa. Copper is mined and further processing of by-products and phosphates
is undertaken. There are ample opportunities for small-scale mining of vermiculite,
onite, gold and emeralds.
Land ownership in the district is a contentious problem. There are 349 land claims in the
district, representing 26.85% of the total land area. Restitution and redistribution could
lead to improved living standards or result in large-scale sterilisation of productive land
in agricultural, mining and conservation areas. The unresolved claims are preventing
exploitation of land for productive agricultural activities and agro-processing. This poses
a serious economic threat in a district heavily reliant on agriculture. The unsettled claims
impact on service delivery by municipalities as, for example, they hinder the
identification and formalisation of land for refuse sites and township establishment.
Source: Gaffney’s, November 2009: Local Government in South Africa 2009 – 2011, Official Yearbook:
p 931 - 933
1
4
The steadily growing population places an additional strain on current resources.
Provision of good primary health care, social welfare and education becomes more
complex as resources are strained. Formal employment is scarce and unemployment
and poverty levels remain very high. More than 50% of the adult population is
functionally illiterate. The low education levels and concomitant lack of skills needed in
the formal labour market further compound the problem.
The towns and their extensions have well-developed water services while most rural
villages do not. The majority of settlements are in the rural areas where the lack of
water services it’s the delivery of sanitation. The dispersed nature of the settlements
makes provision difficult and the majority of dwellings use pit latrines or simply have no
sanitation facilities at all.
Many people are not properly housed and, in general, the quality of housing is poor.
People live in informal housing and in traditional dwellings. Town planning is nonexistent in the informal settlements and has resulted in communities sometimes settling
in flood plain areas.
Energy distribution in the district is an issue of great concern. Local municipalities
provide Eskom electricity to urban areas and towns. Rural areas, however, are not
provided for and villagers continue to use unsafe paraffin lamps and candles. A major
concern to the district is the absence of street lights on major streets in urban areas
such as Giyani, which results in dangerous driving conditions and safety concerns for
pedestrians. Street lighting is absent in most rural areas. Municipalities undertake
refuse removal in urban areas and towns. There are five waste disposal sites in the
district municipality which serve the urban areas. The Tzaneen waste disposal site is
the only one that has a permit to operate and is well managed. In rural areas there is no
refuse removal. Residents’ disposal sites are unprotected.
There are insufficient hospitals, health centres, clinics and mobile clinics available to
serve the needs of the whole population, especially those residing in remote rural areas.
Health services provision is further hindered by the extremely scattered nature of the
many small settlements. The lack of qualified personnel remains a problem. HIV/AIDS,
malaria and tuberculosis continue to be major challenges to the health sector.
1.2 Municipalities within the Mopani District
The details of the five local municipalities within the District is tabled below:
Table 1: Statistics of the Mopani District and Local Municipalities
Municipalities within the
District
Mopani District
Municipality
Area (km²)
in 2009
24,486.25
Area (km²) after 2011
Local Govt Elections
& % change
20,010.94
5
-18 28%
Population No. of
Households
1,061,815
263,862
Poverty Rate
57.50%
Da-Phalahorwa Local Municipality
3,004.38
7,461.57 148.36%
126,504
33,578
45.73%
Greater Giyani Local Municipality
2,985.12
4,171.61
39.75%
246,102
57,175
68.46%
Greater Letaba Local Municipality
1,890.69
1,890.89
-
246,181
59,163
Greater Tzaneen Local
Municipality
3,242.57
3,242.57
-
346,878
89,265
Maruleng Local Municipality
3,244.30
3,244.30
-
95,165
24,435
Mopani District Management Area
(Kruger
National Park)
1.3
48.68%
60.73%
63.84%
To be incorporated into
10,119.00
the local municipalities
986
246
57.50%
Political and Administrative Leadership and Seat of District
Political Leadership: Executive Mayor: Mr L J Matlou
Administrative Leadership: Municipal Manager: Mr M T Maake
The head office of the District is located in Giyani.
1.4
Political representation2
Table 2: Local Government Election 2006 / Provincial and National Elections 2009
comparison:
Leading
Parties in
the
Elections
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Local Government Elections 2006
Party
Party Votes and
Ward Votes and
%
%
ANC
DA
ACDP
PAC
Other
Totals
2
173,479
9,529
5,310
4,048
13,370
205,736
84.3%
4.6%
2,6%
2.0%
6.5%
100%
170,858
9,503
4,567
4,492
16,828
206,248
82.8%
4.6%
2.2%
2.2%
8.2%
100%
Councillor Seats
Party
Seats %
ANC
DA
ACDP
PAC
Other
Totals
39
2
1
1
1
44
88.6%
4.5%
2,3%
2.3%
2.3%
100%
Provincial Elections 2009
Party
Votes and %
National Elections 2009
Party
Votes and %
ANC
COPE
DA
ACDP
Other
ANC
COPE
DA
ACDP
Other
288,632
21,237
10,250
3,027
7,755
330,901
87.2%
6.4%
3.1%
0.9%
2.3%
100%
298,212
20,948
11,193
2,804
7,166
340,323
UPDATE Aug'09: DC40 seats – ANC (83%) 15 seats, ACDP (6%,) 1 seal, DA(6%) 1 seat, PAC(5%) 1 seat, Total 18 0040 seats
6
87.6%
6.2%
3.3%
0.8%
2.1%
100%
Figure 1: 2011 Local Government Election results and seat allocation:
The ANC is the leading party in terms of proportional DC40 Seats in Mopani, with 17 out
of 20 seats.
7
2.
SERVICE DELIVERY3
2.1
Mopani District Municipality Household Infrastructure
Household Infrastructure Overview
LIM - DC33 Mopani District Municipality
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
Index
0.40
0.30
0.20
LIM - DC33 Mopani…
0.10
0.00
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: IHS Global Insight Regional eXplorer version 574
Mopani has got the third highest access to infrastructure amongst other districts in the
province. An overview of household access to infrastructure in the district shows an
improvement from a lower level of 40% in 1996 to a higher level of 53% in 2009. Main
contributor to the increase in access is electricity infrastructure.
2.2
Sanitation
With regard to access to sanitation, the district municipality’s household access to
hygienic toilets has gone up from 21% in 1996 to 35% in 2009. The improvement in
access to sanitation in general in the Municipality is mainly due to the increase in the
use of pit latrines which was at 45% by 2009.
2.3
Water
Access to piped water above RDP level increased in the district remained the same
over the years at 62%. Similarly, there has not been an increase as well in access to
piped water below RDP level.
3
Sources: HIS Global Insight Regional eXplorer version 574 and Municipal Demarcation Board, 2008:
National Report on Local Government Capacity, District and Local Municipalities, MDB Capacity
Assessment, 2007/2008.
8
2.4
Electricity
The increase in electricity connections is the biggest infrastructure achievement in the
municipality. In 1996, household access to electricity connections was below 50%.
Access has, however, increased over the years reaching 78% by 2009.
2.5
Refuse removal
There has been a slight increase in access to formal refuse removal service from 1996
to 2009 in the Municipality. Access has gone up from 11% in 1996 to 13% in 2009.
Personal refuse removal also went up slightly over the years reaching 65% in 2009. The
district is rural and the low levels of formal refuse removal must be taken in the context
of low settlement densities, where on-site disposal or backyard burning of waste is
sometimes appropriate.
2.6
Service provider
Mopani district does not perform the electricity reticulation. The district does have
authority and is performing potable water and sanitation. However, it does not perform
refuse removal, refuse dumps and solid waste disposal functions.
3.
AUDIT OPINIONS
Table 3: Audit Opinions of the District and Local Municipalities
Municipality
Audit
Opinion
2005/6
Disclaimer
Audit
Opinion
2006/7
Disclaimer
Audit
Opinion
2007/8
Disclaimer
Audit
Opinion
2008/9
Financially
unqualified
with findings
BaPhalaborwa
LM
Giyani LM
Letaba LM
Audit
outstanding
Audit
outstanding
Adverse
Disclaimer
Disclaimer
Audit
outstanding
Disclaimer
Audit
outstanding
Qualified
Qualified
Tzaneen LM
Maruleng LM
Disclaimer
Disclaimer
Disclaimer
Disclaimer
Qualified
Disclaimer
Qualified
Financially
unqualified
with findings
Qualified
Qualified
Mopani DM
Audit
Opinion
2009/10
Audit
not
finalised
at
legislated
date
Disclaimer
Qualified
Financially
unqualified
with findings
Qualified
Financially
unqualified
with findings
Source: Auditor-General 2009 and 2011, see www.agsa.co.za
From 2005/6 to 2006/7 Mopani district municipality and all the local municipalities within
its jurisdiction did not register any improvement in audit outcomes. Letaba local
9
municipality was the only municipality to achieve financially unqualified with findings
audit results in 2008/9 and 2009/10.
4.
STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ASSESSMENT
4.1
Overview of findings on assessment in the municipality
4.1.1 Governance
The State of Local Government Assessment of 2009 identified a number of governance
issues in Limpopo including that oversight roles and management of council secretariat
needs improvement and that there is limited input on council items by traditional
leaders. On public participation it was found that there are low levels of participation due
to vastness of wards areas and lack of clear understanding of issues. The functionality
of Ward Committees and the role and accountability of CDWs to local municipalities
remain a challenge.
4.1.2 Financial Management and Viability
The following were common emerging issues in terms of financial management and
viability listed in the Provincial Report on Limpopo: poor revenue collection, grant
dependency within municipalities, limited allocations for maintenance and operations
budget, recurring audit queries which were not rectified over the years, the billing
system with an unreliable data resulting in poor debt collection compounded by the high
Indigent rates.
In the Mopani District a district wide shared Audit Committee was established, but a
number of local municipalities indicated that the arrangement was not adding sufficient
value as to the depth of audit reports on local matters. The Mopani District received
disclaimers for the 2007 and 2008 financial years.
4.1.3 Service Delivery
Service delivery issues raised in the Provincial Report includes poor planning capacity,
aging infrastructure, land claims, and slow progress with achievement of MDGs.
In the Mopani District there is a contestation of powers and functions between the
District and some of its local municipalities. The Greater Tzaneen and Ba-Phalaborwa
municipalities applied for the water service authority functions, and are of the view that
the district is prolonging timeframes for service delivery. The District is of the view that
the powers allocated to them did not allow for interventions in local municipalities.
The Mopani District municipality is still having a serious challenge with the waste
management function. Only the Greater Tzaneen local municipality has authorized
waste management facility and landfill sites.
10
The role of Traditional leaders in land allocation and upgrading of land tenure rights also
need to be resolved. In some cases such as Greater Giyani many traditional leaders
allocate land to communities without consultation with municipalities.
5.
INFRASTRUCTURE PRIORITIES OF THE MUNICIPAL TURN-AROUND
STRATEGY
The Mopani District Municipality identified a number of priorities for basic service
delivery in the Mopani Municipal Turn-Around Strategy. Access to water and sanitation
is still a huge priority in this District.
Table 4: Infrastructure delivery in terms of the MTAS
Access to water
Challenges
198 323 hh with
access to water
Implement and
upgrade water
schemes
Municipal
Actions
Other support
and
interventions
6.
Engage DWA,
Cogta and
Lepelle Northern
Water
Access to
sanitation
194 830 hh
access sanitation
To supply a total
hh of 10 000 with
VIP latrines by
Dec 2010
Engage DWA
and Cogta for
sanitation
funding
arrangements
Access to
Electricity
239 085
To supply a total
hh of 7619 with
electricity
Engage Eskom
and DE
MIG
Table 5: MIG projects
Municipality
Project name
Mopani DM
Namakgale
Sewage Works
Phalaborwa
Upgrading of
Sewage System
Boyelang Water
Supply
Giyani System N
( Mapuve )
Water
Reticulation GGM
Extension of
Middle Letaba
Sekgosese
Ground Water
Development
Scheme
Registered MIG
funds
Total actual
expenditure in
the 2010/11
financial year on
MIG funds
Project status
(Registered/desi
gn/tender/constr
uction)
Project category
(e.g. water,
sanitation, PMU)
R 0.00
Construction
Sanitation
R 6,071,885.00
R 1,965,810.00
Design & Tender
Sanitation
R 5,534,400.00
R 0.00
completed
Water
R 47,264,001.92
R 31,653,736.23
Construction
Water
R 25,764,000.00
R 2,003,923.35
Construction
Water
R 17,514,141.00
R 10,585,922.03
Completed
Water
R 39,535,575.00
R2,204,623.20
Construction
Water
11
Upgrading of
Water
Reticulation GLM
Modjadji Outfall
Sewer
Modjadji Sewer
Reticulation
Extension of
Modjadji Water
Works
Upgrading of
Kgapane WTP
Upgrading of
senwamokgope
Sewage plant
Thapane RWS
Lenyenye
Sewage Works
Tours Bulk Water
Scheme
Mametja
Sekororo RWS
Hoedsspruit Bulk
Water Supply
Kampersus Bulk
Water Supply
Mopani Rural
Household
Sanitation
PMU
management
Mopani DM
BaPhalaborwa
LM
Gravelotte RDP
streets phase 1
Qugga culverts
and storm water
control phase 2
Tipeng
Stomwater
Control Culverts
phase 2
Lulekani OR
street tarring
phase3
Namakgale phase
3 Upgrading of
streets
Namakgale phase
4 Upgrading of
streets
PHB Taxi Rank
CBD Streets,
Pick-up and Drop
Points
Gravelotte RDP
streets paving
phase 2
Kurhula streets
paving phase 1
Makhushane/Pata
R 32,639,051.00
R 0.00
Construction
Water
R 16,333,375.00
R 389,815.25
Construction
Water
R 39,384,886.00
R 1,012,207.73
Construction
Water
R 17,649,800.00
R 1,356,144.66
Completed
Water
R 56,000,000.00
R 9,134,157.76
Completed
Water
R 13,974,428.00
R 44,794,909.00
R 4,248,886.92
R 0.00
Design & Tender
Design & Tender
Sanitation
Water
R 13,154,475.00
R 16,405,713.95
Construction
Water
R 13,789,887.00
R 8,810,492.33
Construction
Water
R 55,224,240.00
R 3,392,687.63
Construction
Water
R 59,019,988.80
R 0.00
Design & Tender
Water
R 27,659,428.00
R 7,234,748.39
Construction
Water
R173,998,800.00
R 43,334,254.86
completed
Sanitation
No status
PMU
R 1,500,000.00
R 0.00
Completed
Stormwater
R 3,000,000.00
R 164,280.13
Completed
Stormwater
R 1,500,000.00
R 134,965.09
Completed
Stormwater
R 3,000,000.00
R 0.00
Completed
Roads & s/water
R 3,000,000.00
R 2,692,663.40
Completed
Roads & s/water
R 6,000,000.00
R 707,918.01
Construction
Roads & s/water
R 3,000,000.00
R 2,778,950.58
Construction
Roads & s/water
R 3,000,000.00
R 2,580,290.17
Completed
Roads & s/water
R 5,000,000.00
R 3,000,000.00
R 296,650.14
R 2,629,937.66
Design & Tender
Construction
Roads & s/water
Roads & s/water
12
medi streets
paving phase 1
Majeje Subsoil
Drainage
Systems
Thepe Trust
Bridge
PMU
Management
Fees BaPhalaborwa LM
R 3,000,000.00
R 506,397.69
Design & Tender
Stormwater
R 3,000,000.00
R 1,522,913.97
Construction
Stormwater
Function
PMU
completed
Roads & s/water
completed
Roads & s/water
R 675,000.00
Giyani LM
Tzaneen LM
Kheto Bridge
Mashavela
regravelling and
stormwater
Mninginisi B3
regravelling and
stormwater
Giyani Section F
Upgrading of
Gravel to Tar
Phase II
Giyani Section A
road Phase II
Muyexe sport
facility
Kremetart and
Siyandhani
Highmast
Construction of
Giyani section E
Road
Upgrading of
Shikhumba
Access Road
Giyani Tourism
Information
Centre
Regravelling of
Khashane and
Kheyi Road
PMU
management
Greater Giyani
LM
Hweetji Access
Road
Makhefora
Access Road
Tzaneen Rural
Waste Removal
Sasekani Access
Road
Ramotshinyadi
Internal Street
Ramotshinyadi to
Mokgwathi tar
road
PMU
management
R15,341,310.00
R3,701,243.78
R5,250,000.00
R-
R6,000,000.00
R1,162,068.08
completed
Roads & s/water
R6,090,000.00
R11,327,456.99
Construction
Roads & s/water
R3,800,000.00
R447,612.28
Design & Tender
Roads & s/water
R5,000,000.00
R3,949,071.99
Construction
R550,000.00
R414,327.17
Construction
Sports facilities
Street /
Community
Lighting
R12,090,000.00
R -
Registered
Roads & s/water
R5,000,000.00
R625,441.11
Design & Tender
Roads & s/water
R11,500,000.00
R2,482,685.48
Construction
Tourism
R3,500,000.00
R507,756.23
Design & Tender
Roads & s/water
R986,000.16
R 1,160,204.00
No status
PMU
R4,427,200.00
R2,477,510.77
Completed
Roads & s/water
R4,037,200.00
R1,758,671.57
Completed
R53,286,243.00
R 25,312,090.36
Completed
Roads & s/water
solid waste
disposal site
R2,371,200.00
R 1,272,809.70
Design & Tender
Roads & s/water
R25,092,540.00
R 2,918,206.25
Construction
Roads & s/water
R38,750,000.00
R2,884,084.98
Design & Tender
Roads & s/water
R1,941,950.00
R1,690,528.79
No status
PMU
13
Tzaneen LM
Hoedspruit
Stormwater
Management
Madeira Access
Road
Ga Fannie to
Turkey Access
Road
Maruleng Indoor
Sports
Mahlomelong
Surfacing of Main
Access Road
Hlohlokwe Low
Level Bridges
Willows Sports
Field
Rakgolokoane to
Enable Access
Road
PMU
Management fee
Maruleng LM
Source: All MIG projects, 2011 June
Maruleng
LM
R 2,953,520.00
R 2,781,553.00
Construction
Roads & s/water
R3255000
R 3,210,957.28
Construction
Roads & s/water
R 5,580,000.00
R 2,192,832.65
Construction
Roads & s/water
R 14,420,082.00
R 0.00
Registered
Sports facilities
R 6,850,000.00
R 1,582,316.19
Construction
Roads & s/water
R 2,000,000.00
R 2,000,000.00
Construction
Roads & s/water
R 5,780,000.00
R 0.00
Construction
Sports facilities
R 16,500,000.00
R 2,013,833.93
Design & Tender
Roads & s/water
R994309.92
R 994,309.92
No status
PMU
As stated in the 2011 monthly non-financial report on MIG, Mopani district, BaPhalaborwa, Giyani, Tzaneen and Maruleng submitted their June 2011 MIG reports.
However, these reports do not have the signature of the accounting officer as required.
Mopani district, Giyani, Tzaneen and Maruleng did not report the status of Project
Management Units in their reports. In Ba-Phalaborwa, Giyani, Tzaneen and Maruleng
most projects are about roads and water. Ba-Phalaborwa has completed six of its 13
projects. In Giyani only three of its 12 projects have been completed. Tzaneen has
managed to complete three of its seven projects. In Maruleng most projects are at a
construction phase.
7.
VULNERABILITY CLASSIFICATION
The DCoG Municipal Spatial Classification System was designed to develop municipal
profiles according to spatial location, based upon results from indicator sets on
functionality, socio-economic profile and backlog status. Its purpose is to inform a
differentiated approach to municipalities.
The four municipal classifications developed by DCoG are:
Class 1: Most vulnerable (57 local municipalities)
Class 2: Second most vulnerable (58 local municipalities)
Class 3: Second highest performing (58 local municipalities)
Class 4: Highest performing (58 local municipalities)
The five local municipalities in the Mopani District can be classified as follow:
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Table 6: Vulnerability Classification
Local Municipality
Ba-Phalaborwa
Greater Giyani
Greater Letaba
Greater Tzaneen
Maruleng
Classification
Second highest
performing
Most vulnerable
Most vulnerable
Second most
vulnerable
Most vulnerable
From this table it is evident that three of the five local municipalities in the Mopani
District fall into the most vulnerable category.
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