Auxiliary Material for
Characterization and interpretation of volcanic activity at Karymsky Volcano,
Kamchatka, Russia, using observations of infrasound, volcanic emissions, and thermal imagery
Taryn Lopez 1 , David Fee 1,2 , Fred Prata 3 , and Jon Dehn 1
1
University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, 903 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks,
Alaska 99775 USA
2
Wilson Infrasound Observatories, Alaska Volcano Observatory, Geophysical Institute,
University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
3
Norweigen Institute for Air Research, PO Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2013
Introduction
Supplementary Figure 1 depicts an example of a FLYSPEC scan in which a series of SO
2 column density measurements are collected across Karymsky’s plume. The corresponding FLIR thermal image shows Karymsky’s plume at the time of measurement collection and the FLYSPEC FOV. Supplementary Figure 2 depicts Karymsky’s plume
SO
2
content as detected by the NicAIR (top) and the SO
2
cross sections used for emission rate calculations (bottom). More details of this figure are described in the below
“Explainer Label.” Supplementary Figure 3 depicts the methods used to compare SO
2 column density measurements collected by NicAIR and FLYSPEC instruments.
Karymsky’s plume, as detected by the NicAIR SO
2
column density retrieval is shown on top, while the SO
2
cross sections used for emission rate calculations are shown on the bottom. More details of this figure are described in the below “Explainer Label.”
Supplementary Figure 4 shows the results of a comparison between SO
2
column density measurements collected by NicAIR and FLYSPEC instruments on 16 August 2011. More details of this figure are described in the below “Explainer Label.”
Explainer Labels
Supplementary Figure 1: FLYSPEC scan region and corresponding FLIR image. Left:
Example FLYSPEC SO
2
scan where the y-axis shows the SO
2
column density in ppmm, and the x-axis shows the FLYSPEC scan angle (90° corresponds with the center of the summit area). Right: FLIR image corresponding with the FLYSPEC scan, where the
FLYSPEC scan area within the FLIR FOV is shown. Measurements are for 23:58 on 16
August 2011.
Supplementary Figure 2: NicAIR SO
2
retrievals on 18 August 2011. Top: Image showing the retrieved SO
2
column density (g/m
2
) during hybrid activity. Red lines mark the upper and lower boundaries of transects used to calculate plume SO
2
cross-sections.
Bottom: Plot of SO
2
column density (y-axis) for each transect resulting in an SO
2
crosssection. Horizontal distance in meters corresponds with the location of each transect in the upper figure.

Supplementary Figure 3: Depiction of the comparison method used to validate NicAIR
SO
2
column density measurements with corresponding FLYSPEC measurements. This figure shows a two-dimensional image of Karymsky’s plume as a function of SO
2 column density (see color bar scale) as detected by the NicAIR. The FLYSPEC scan area is marked by a black rectangle at the bottom of the figure, with the scan increments labeled from 88° (right side) to 98° (left side). The x-axis shows the horizontal distance in meters from the NicAIR’s reference point, the south edge of Karymsky’s summit region. The Y-axis shows the vertical elevation in meters with respect to sea level. The
FLYSPEC measurement ellipse (black circle) at the 95° position represents the
FLYSPEC FOV and corresponding NicAIR comparison pixels for measurements collected at 21:07:58 on 16 August 2011.
Supplementary Figure 4: Comparison results between NicAIR and FLYSPEC SO
2 column density measurements acquired on 16 August 2011. FLYSPEC data (black lines) are the reference data with which NicAIR data (blue lines) are evaluated. Strong temporal and amplitude correlations between these datasets can be seen. FLYSPEC scan coverage exceeded that of the NicAIR such that gaps between NicAIR measurements between scans exist.