Sociology of Marriage: 2141
Quiz 3 Study Guide, Fall 2011: Altenhofel
Section I: Answer all of the following choosing the best answer. 24 of the following will be on your quiz.
1. The Passion Cluster developed by Davis and Todd includes which three characteristics? a. fascination, enjoyment, spontaneity b. fascination, exclusiveness, sexual desire c. enjoyment, exclusiveness, sexual desire d. fascination, spontaneity, sexual desire
2. Which of the following kinds of love lacks intimacy, according to Sternberg? a. fatuous love b. consummate love c. companionate love d. romantic love
3. Which of the following statements about traits of love is correct? a. Because of the changing nature of language, by the 2000s we have sufficient words in the
English language to describe love. b. The phrase "love is blind" is erroneous. c. Love-based marriages are more fragile than arranged marriages. d. Once it is firmly established during early marriage, love tends to remain unchanged.
4 . In the “I Don’t Care, You Decide” game, a. the initiator usually knows that the other person will make the “wrong” decision. b. the initiator truly does not care what the decision is. c. the initiator wants to avoid responsibility for what may be a poor decision. d. the initiator begins by asking a direct question.
5. Seen as a self-defeating emotion, jealousy typically leads to feelings of: a. envy. b. suspicion. c. possessiveness. d. all of these
6. It appears that the strongest love relationships have roots in a. exogamy. b. courtship.

c. friendship. d. heterogeneity.
7. According to research conducted by Olson and Olson with over 5,000 married couples,
__________________ was the area of highest agreement in happily married couples. a. communication b. financial management c. personality issues d. religious orientation
8. Males gain greater ____________ through doing things together. a. bonding b. friendship c. intimacy d. self-disclosure
9. The fact that fewer individuals are remarrying after a divorce suggests that a. society is more comfortable with persons living a single lifestyle. b. economically, remarriage is a disadvantage. c. divorced persons have unrealistic expectations of marriage. d. all of these
10. If an individual comes from a divorced family, that person is more likely to have a. a stronger desire to marry than other individuals have. b. realistic expectations about marriage. c. negative attitudes about marriage and positive attitudes about singlehood. d. negative attitudes about singlehood and positive attitudes about marriage.
11. One of the largest problems for singles is a. employment discrimination. b. loneliness. c. missing having children. d. developing a network of people with whom to share social activities.
12. In 18th- and 19th-century America, not marrying was usually due to a. social circumstances. b. economic realities. c. personal choice. d. social circumstances and economic realities.

13. Mate selection in modern industrialized countries tends to a. take more time than in societies that have arranged marriages. b. take less time than in societies that have arranged marriages. c. take about the same amount of time as societies that have arranged marriages.
14. Throughout history, most arrangements for marriage have been made by a. a village shaman using astrological signs. b. contractual systems of indentured service. c. individual choice. d. parents of the bride and groom.
15. The pattern of mate selection in industrialized countries largely developed in the a. 17th century. b. 18th century. c. 19th century. d. 20th century.
16. Parent-arranged marriages are based on a. physical attraction. b. the potential for affection. c. a belief that elders in the community have the most wisdom. d. none of these
17. Parent-arranged marriages are likely to be based on a. economic considerations. b. political considerations. c. social status considerations. d. all these
18. Considering that love is relatively unimportant for arranged marriages, a. divorce rates are higher than in societies that use individual choice. b. affection and respect seldom grow over the years. c. most families do not experience much harmony. d. none of these
19. One of the effects of industrialization on marriage is a. individuals marry at younger ages. b. an increase in parent-arranged marriages. c. more freedom for women to make marriage decisions. d. none of these

20. The pace of dating for senior adults compared to their youthful counterparts tends to be a. about the same. b. accelerated. c. a little slower. d. much slower.
21. Which couple would tend to progress more deeply into the relationship? a. female more attractive than male b. male more attractive than female c. male and female about equal in attractiveness d. level of attractiveness makes no measurable difference
22. As America became more ____________, families left the farm or ranch to find better opportunities in towns and cities. a. industrialized b. urbanized c. diverse d. populated
23. Individuals who cohabit as a way to break free from their parents' values and influence are likely to be a. males. b. in an "emancipation" type of cohabiting relationship. c. over the age of 25. d. in a "testing" type of cohabiting relationship.
24. A Glenn and Marquardt study found that _____ of women enter college hoping to meet
“Mr. Right.” a. 47% b. 52% c. 63% d. 71%
25. Very dissimilar people do not often marry, but when they do, they are likely to a. adjust fairly well. b. divorce. c. adjust very well. d. adjust adequately.

26. Which of the following is a common format for premarital education? a. small group couples' workshops or retreats where they discuss marriage b. meeting once or twice with a member of the clergy c. completing a premarital inventory and receiving some feedback in 2-3 sessions d. all of these
27. Marriage includes which of the following benefits: a. longer life. b. reduced economic assets. c. unsatisfactory sexual relationship. d. higher levels of interpersonal conflict and depression.
28. Which of the following is the best single predictor of marital success? a. age at marriage b. socioeconomic status c. length of courtship d. complementary personalities
29. Couples seem to benefit from participating in couple groups because a. they learn how other couples deal with problems. b. they make “couple friends.” c. they develop a greater ability to dialogue with each other. d. all these
30. Attacking the spouse's character or personality rather than focusing on a specific behavior; negative words about the spouse that are global, are part of which of the following? a. contempt b. stonewalling c. criticism d. defensiveness
31. The feedback from a premarital inventory can be useful to a couple in that it a. increases their awareness of themselves and one another. b. facilitates discussion of important issues in the relationship. c. establishes a relationship with a clergy member or counselor. d. all these
32. Ideally, how long before the wedding should an engaged couple begin their premarital preparation? a. 12 months

b. 8 months c. 6 months d. 3 months
33. The average cost of a wedding is a. $5,000. b. $10,000. c. $15,000. d. $20,000.
34. Which type of premarital counseling has been found superior to the others? a. traditional discussion sessions with clergy b. group lectures c. premarital inventory d. none superior to the others
35. Parent education programs a. are usually cheaper than therapy. b. give parents a comforting sense that others share similar problems. c. tend to be relevant to a wide variety of family situations. d. all these
36. A good reinforcer for positive behavior in children is: a. praise and a hug. b. money and rewards. c. ignoring the behavior. d. none of these
37. Tabula rasa refers to a. the notion that children are influenced solely by environment. b. increased societal expectations for parents. c. permissive parenting. d. voluntary childlessness.
38. Approximately what percentage of females in the United States bear a child before age
20? a. 12% b. 20% c. 25% d. 27%

39. In 2004, the estimate for raising one child from birth to age 17 for low-income parents was approximately a. $44,000. b. $63,000. c. $86,000. d. $130,000.
40. A middle-income couple will spend about _____ to raise a child from birth to age 17. a. $60,000 b. $80,000 c. $100,000 d. $178,000
41. Which of the following is likely to occur in a couple relationship after the arrival of a first child? a. The couple's sexual activity often decreases. b. Spontaneity in social interaction increases. c. Playfulness between the couple increases. d. all of these
42. Middle age can be defined as a. the time between launching of children and retirement. b. the time between age 35 and age 65. c. families dealing with teenagers or young adult children. d. all these
43. According to a study by the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), what was the number one reason women gave for getting divorced? a. infidelity b. chemical dependency c. emotional/Physical abuse d. sexual dysfunction
44. When couples find themselves caring for aging parents, as well as their own children, they are part of what has become known as the __________ generation. a. sandwich b. empty nest c. pancake d. responsible

45. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, the largest increase in U.S. population occurred in what age group? a. 21-25 b. 50-54 c. 15-19 d. 41-45
46 . What do most current studies reveal about the term “mid-life crisis”? a. They are more common in men. b. Results in higher incidents of infidelity. c. Result in increased divorce rates. d. Evidence doesn’t support the existence of a mid-life crisis.
47. Statistically midlife does not bring about an increase in a. divorce. b. depression. c. suicide. d. all of these
48. The phenomenon of aging is a. biological. b. social. c. psychological. d. all these
49. Often with age comes greater satisfaction with a. work. b. finances. c. general happiness. d. all of these
50
. The term used to describe a person’s job when it becomes as “comfortable as an old shoe” is known as a. satisfaction. b. stagnation. c. routinization. d. boring.

51. Since 1900, the average life expectancy in the United States has increased from ______ to
_______. a. 40 years; 69 years b. 47 years; 77 years c. 52 years; 84 years d. 56 years; 86 years
52. Elder abuse is most likely to occur out of problems arising from which generational phenomena? a. cluttered nest b. empty nest syndrome c. sandwich generation d. boomerang kids
53. The opposite of the spacious nest is the a. parental nest refilled. b. empty nest. c. cluttered nest. d. restful nest.
Section II: Define, explain the importance of the term for studying marriage and provide examples of the following in essay format. Each is worth 8 points. (6 of the following will be on your quiz.)
Passion Cluster
Companionate Love
Linus Blanket
Complementary Needs Theory
PREPARE
Psychodynamic Theory
Democratic Parenting
Middle Age
Empty-Nest Syndrome
Crisis-Loss Stage of Grief