A Microsoft Word Template for Automated
Sequential Numbering of Figures (F), Tables (T) and
Equations (E)
Scott B. Jones et al.
Department of Plants, Soils and Climate
Utah State University, Logan, Utah
The following text is largely taken from the Soil Science Society of America Journal
Publications Handbook and Style Manual with Figure, Table and Equation excerpts taken from a
journal article by Drs. Teamrat Ghezzehei and Dani Or, formerly of Utah State University.
The formatted draft publication of these authors was used for demonstration of the F, T and E
examples.
URL for SSSAJ manual https://www.soils.org/files/publications/style/chapter-01.pdf
Citation for the Published version of this partial draft paper:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2001WR001137/pdf
Scott B. Jones
Phone: (435) 797-2175
Fax:(435) 797-2117
Email: scott.jones@ usu.edu
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Contents
ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................................2
1.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................3
2.THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS ...........................................................................4
2.1. Geometrical Considerations ...........................................................4
3.MATERIALS AND METHODS ......................................................................................5
3.1. Soil Densification Under Steady Stress .........................................6
4.RESULTS .........................................................................................................................7
5.DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................................8
6.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...............................................................................8
7.REFERENCES .................................................................................................................9
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Abstract
“A journal abstract has two typical uses, 1) Printed at the head of a scientific paper, an
abstract helps readers decide whether to delve into the paper as a whole. 2) Abstracts are
also published via abstracting and indexing services. Because the abstract will be seen and
read by many more people than will read the paper, everything that is important in the
paper must be reflected in the abstract. The abstract should call attention to new techniques,
observations, or data. In essence, an informative abstract presents the paper in miniature,
complete within itself. It moves from an introductory statement of the rationale and
objectives or hypotheses, through materials and methods, to the results and conclusions. A
descriptive abstract is more like a table of contents for the paper and is rarely used in
scientific publications except, perhaps, for review or opinion papers.”
Here’s an example from the Soil Science Society of America Journal Style Manual.
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1. Introduction
“Use the introduction to review published literature and issues related to your topic. A
thorough introduction helps the reader recognize what your research contributes to the current
knowledge in your subject area. Begin your article by clearly identifying its subject, and state the
hypothesis or definition of the problem the research was designed to solve. To orient readers,
give a brief reference to previous concepts and research. Limit literature references to essential
information, and do not rely on old references when newer ones are available.
Keep the introduction short, but include (i) a brief statement of the problem that justifies
doing the work, or the hypothesis on which it is based; (ii) the findings of others that will be
further developed or challenged; and (iii) an explanation of the general approach and
objectives. This last part may indicate the means by which the question was examined, especially
if the methods are new.
Abbreviations and acronyms defined in the abstract do not need to be defined again in the
main body of the text.“
Below is an example of the use of a Figure Cross-Reference. Note that placing the cursor on
Figure 1 and clicking highlights the text is gray. Right-click on Figure 1 and you can then
Update Field (this updates the figure number, which isn’t always done automatically), Edit
Field (not sure what this does, but it sounds powerful) or Toggle Field Codes (allows you to see
what the secret codes are).
Discrete representation of soil aggregates as individual units applies to the initial loose state
of soil aggregate beds, while adjacent interaggregate contacts are not touching each other (see
Figure 1). After attainment of a critical strain value c, adjacent contact regions begin to overlap.
Consequently, further deformation involves flow of soil material in a complex pattern towards
the center of the enclosed pore that cannot be represented adequately by the radial flow assumed
in the coalescence model. The purpose of this note is to extend the applications of the contact
coalescence model by introducing a complementary geometry that considers shrinkage of pores
enclosed in soil. What about Figure 2?
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Figure 1. Transition from open pore geometry to closed pore geometry in aggregated soil
subjected to axial stress
[Braunack et al., 1979]. After the aggregates have been deformed
adjacent interaggregate contacts begin to touch each other. The analogs using the conceptual
model of this study are shown.
2. Theoretical Considerations
This section is generally where the theory is described as well as any key mathematical
models or functions used in the research. Although newer versions of MS Word have an equation
editor, I strongly recommend use of the traditional Microsoft Equation 3.0 which is backward
compatible with older versions of Word. I have seen many problems using the newer equation
editor and when your coauthors can’t edit your equations, it is frustrating for everyone. To access
Microsoft Equation 3.0, select Insert – Insert Object - Microsoft Equation 3.0. Although this
can generate equations, formatting the equations with a number and getting it centered or other
alignment option is another challenging task. This is why I like to keep a copy of this template
handy and simply copy and paste the entire line into my new document. You can then simply
edit the existing equation or replace it with one of your own.
2.1.Geometrical Considerations
We consider a spherical pore of radius r1 surrounded by a concentric spherical shell of
homogenous soil with radius r2, as shown in Error! Reference source not found.. We consider
a uniform stress acting normal to the pore surface defined by
 oct 
1   2   3
3
.
(1)
5
where oct is the octahedral stress; and 1, 2, and 3 are stresses acting in the principal
directions. From the simple geometry, we define the relative density of the unit cell relative to
the density of the soil material forming the shell as
  1  r1 r2  .
3
(2)
The problem at hand is to determine the rate of decrease in pore radius r1, as determined by
the stress , and the rheology of the soil matrix. The problem is solved by equating the rate of
energy dissipation during viscous densification to the rate of work done by reduction of the pore
radius [Frenkel, 1945].
3. Materials and Methods
“The In the Materials and Methods
section, give enough detail to allow a
competent scientist to repeat the
experiments, mentally or in fact.
In the materials section, describe the
preparation method, equipment, and
measurements, including SI units. Not all
materials need to be identified by brand
name and manufacturer. Consider first
whether the particular product is essential
to the outcome of the research, and then
how readily available that particular
product might be to other researchers. For
example, if any standard test tube will
work, it is not necessary to state the
manufacturer of the tubes you used. If,
however, the test tube must be lined with
Teflon or be made of Pyrex (or in any
other way differ from standard), then say
so and, if such a test tube is not readily
available, tell where it can be obtained.
When a product must be identified by
trade name, add the name of the
manufacturer or a major distributor
parenthetically after the first mention of
the product. Example: “Soil respiration
was measured with a CO2 analyzer
Figure 2 (a) Schematic representation of the
transition from open pores to closed pores. Note
that for the open pores and closed pores the flow
paths are symmetrical, whereas the transition has
asymmetrical complex flow path. (b) Definition
of closed pore.
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(Model LI-6251, LI-COR).” If the particular product is both essential to the research and no
longer commercially available, describe a suitable substitute and its source.
In the case of specially procured or proprietary materials, give the pertinent chemical and
physical properties (e.g., purity, pH, concentration). Chemical rather than trade names are
preferred. Example: “Reference Suwannee River fulvic acid (IHSS-FA) and humic acid (IHSSHA) were purchased from the International Humic Substance Society (IHSS).”
Plants and other organisms, including viruses, insects, bacteria, and pathogens should be
identified accurately at first mention by scientific name (with authority for plants) and cultivar
name if applicable. soil taxonomy, and special characteristics. Scientific names for larger
animals (e.g., sheep) should be given if relevant to the article and/or there may be confusion as
to what animal is being discussed. Identify soils by Great Group name at least, and preferably by
soil series name and description.
Cite references for your methods, and reference the edition you actually used. If the
techniques are widely familiar, use only their names. If a method is modified, outline the
modification or cite a reference, unless the modification is trivial. Give details of unusual
experimental designs or statistical methods.
The Materials and Methods section may be arranged chronologically, by a succession of
techniques, or in any other logical manner, such as by experiment or location, and may include
tables and figures.”
3.1.Soil Densification Under Steady Stress
In this example, we focus on the ultimate density Error! Reference source not found. that
results at a given external stress. The model performance is tested by comparison with isotropic
compression of modeling clay reported by [Davis et al., 1973]. Equal-sized spheres were formed
from modeling clay of plastic consistency. The spheres were arranged in cubic and rhombic
packings inside a cylindrical rubber membrane of 100 mm diameter and 100 mm height. The
samples were isotropically compressed inside a standard triaxial cell. In a completely unrelated
twist, Table 1 gives novel information relative to this paper along with formatting guidelines for
table footnotes. The Soil Science Society of America prefers the symbols shown in the foot note
of the table to make notes regarding symbols in the table as shown in Table 2, where examples of
different uses of statistical significance and footnotes are employed.
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Table 1. Mean, standard deviation, and correlation length of log-permeability data collected in
the Cross Drift and Niche 5. The spherical variogram parameter values for the cross drift were
prescribed because the number of measurements was not adequate to compute the parameters.
Location
n
Mean log (k)
[m2]
Niche 5
61
-10.95
Cross Drift
6
-10.73
Std. Dev.
[m2]
Spherical Variogram
Sill Value
[log(k)2]
Correlation length
[m]
Nugget effect
[log(k)2]
1.31
1.81
0.91
0.02
0.21
1.0
0.2
-
* Significant at the 0.05 probability level.
** Significant at the 0.01 probability level.
*** Significant at the 0.001 probability level.
†, ‡, §, ¶, #, ††, ‡‡, §§, ¶¶, etc. Supplemental notes (each starting on a new line)
4. Results
“Use tables, graphs, and other illustrations in the Results section to provide the reader with
a clear understanding of representative data obtained from the experiments. Call attention to
significant findings and special features (e.g., one quantity is greater than another, one result is
linear across a range, or a particular value is optimum), but do not repeat in detailed prose what
is already clear from an examination of the graphics.
If you have minimal results, describe them in the text. For more complicated results, you may
want to summarize them in tables or figures.
If you do not have a separate Discussion section, relate the results to your objectives and to
each other.”
Table 2. Shows how to incorporate ANOVA results. The centered independent heading is used,
together with the new main entry line in the stub, to alert the reader to a change in the type of
data for the rows that follow. Adapted from Porter et al. (1996; Agron. J. 88:750–757).
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5. Discussion
“Use the Discussion section to interpret your results. Give particular attention to the
problem, question, or hypothesis presented in the introduction. A good discussion typically
covers most or all of the following steps:
1. Relate the results to the original objectives.
2. Explain the principles, relationships, and generalizations that can be supported by the
results.
3. Address any exceptions or lack of correlation that qualify the findings, or difficulties that
point to areas for further investigation.
4. Explain how the results relate to previous findings, whether in support, contradiction, or
simply as added data.
5. Present conclusions, supported by a summary of the evidence.
Whether combined with the Results section or standing alone, the Discussion section should
focus on the meaning of your findings, not recapitulate them.
Scientific speculation is encouraged, but it should be reasonable, firmly founded in
observation, and subject to tests. It must also be identified as such. Where results differ from
previous results for unexplained reasons, possible explanations should not be labored.
Controversial issues should be discussed clearly and fairly.”
6. Summary and Conclusions
To summarize, this document contains several examples of using Figures, Tables and
Equations which are sequentially numbered and by copying an existing item and pasting a new
one, numbering will automatically update whether in between or at the end of the list. Remember
that creating Cross-References within text (i.e., ‘Figure 2’ or ‘Eqs. (3) and (7)’) allows your
cross-references to any of these 3 items to be updated with any newly inserted F, T or E as well.
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7. References
Braunack, M.C., and A.R. Dexter, Compaction of aggregate beds, 119-26, in Modification of
Soil Structure, edited by W.W. Emerson, R.D. Bond, and A.R. Dexter, John Wiley &
Sons, New York, 1978.
Braunack, M.V., J.S. Hewitt, and A.R. Dexter, Brittle fracture of soil aggregates and the
compaction of aggregate beds, J. Soil Sci., 30, 653-667, 1979.
Davis, P.F., A.R. Dexter, and D.W. Tanner, Isotropic compression of hypothetical and
synthetic tilths, J. Terramech., 10, 21-34, 1973.
Frenkel, J., Viscous flow of crystalline bodies under the action of surface tension, J. of Phys.
Moscow, 9, 385-391, 1945.
Fröhlich, H., and R. Sack, Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 62, 180-, 1946.
Ghezzehei, T.A., and D. Or, Rheological properties of wet soils and clays under steady and
oscillatory stresses, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 65, 624-637, 2001.
Horn, R., B.G. Richards, W. Grasle, T. Baumgartl, and C. Wiermann, Theoretical principles
for modelling soil strength and wheeling effects - A review, Z. Pflanzen. Bodenk., 161,
333-346, 1998.
Mackenzie, J.K., and R. Shuttleworth, A phenomenological theory of sintering, Proc. Phys.
Soc., 62, 833-852, 1949.
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This is where the Table of Figures is generated. Clicking on any of the text below creates a gray
highlight over all text in the table. Note that the Table of Figures is an automated
generation process using all figures in the paper by selecting References and then
Insert Table of Figures.
Figure 1. Transition from open pore geometry to closed pore geometry in aggregated soil
subjected to axial stress [Braunack et al., 1979]. After the aggregates have been
deformed adjacent interaggregate contacts begin to touch each other. The analogs
using the conceptual model of this study are shown.
Figure 2 (a) Schematic representation of the transition from open pores to closed pores. Note that
for the open pores and closed pores the flow paths are symmetrical, whereas the
transition has asymmetrical complex flow path. (b) Definition of closed pore.
Figure 1. Transition from open pore geometry to closed pore geometry in aggregated soil
subjected to axial stress [Braunack et al., 1979]. After the aggregates have been
deformed adjacent interaggregate contacts begin to touch each other. The analogs using
the conceptual model of this study are shown.
Figure 1
Figure 2