Cumulative Science Skills
Master List
Name: ______________________
Date: __________ Period: ______
Skills Quiz #10 Information Sheet
Latin Roots:
Latin Root
Grad
Intra
Ject
Mal
Peri
Meaning
Walk, step, take steps
Within, inside, on the inside
To throw, to send, gush
Bad, ill, wrong
Around
Example(s)
Gradual, graduate
Intravenous
Inject, eject, projectile
Malfunction, malicious
Perimeter, peripheral,
pericardium
Vocabulary:
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Light-dependent
Reaction
Aerobic Respiration
Lightindependent
Glucose
Solar Energy
Reaction
Anaerobic
Respiration
Fermentation
Electron Transport
Chain
Skills Quiz #11 Information Sheet
Latin Roots:
Latin Root
Dis
Meaning
Away from, reversal, apart
Non
Port
Solv
Junct
Nothing, not
Carry, bring
Loosen, dissolve, set free
To meet, to join
Example(s)
Dissent, nondisjunction,
disappear
Nontoxic, nondisjuntion
Transport, portable
Dissolve, solvent
Nondisjunction, junction,
conjunctivitius
Vocabulary:
Chromosome
DNA
Gene
Cell Cycle
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Chromatid
Centromere
Spindle Fiber
Skills Quiz #12 Information Sheet
Cumulative Science Skills
Master List
Latin Roots:
Latin Root
Diplo
-gram
Double
Write, record
Hetero
Homo
-itis
Different
Same
Inflammation
Name: ______________________
Date: __________ Period: ______
Meaning
Example(s)
Diploid
Cladogram, telegram,
Instagram
Heterozygous, heterotrophic
Homozygous, homeostasis
Appendicitis, dermatitis,
tonsillitis
Vocabulary:
Cleavage Furrow
Cell Plate
Checkpoint
Cancer
Malignant
Benign
Diploid
Haploid
Gamete
Somatic Cell
Skills Quiz #13 Information Sheet
Latin Roots:
Latin Root
Zoo
Sperma
-pod
-osis
Photo
Meaning
Animal
Relating to sperm or seeds
Foot
Condition or process
Light
Example(s)
Zoology, zoo
Sperm, spermatogenesis
Pseudopod, podiatrist
Mitosis, psoriasis
photosynthesis
Vocabulary:
Gene
Tetrad
Chromosome
Centromere
Homologous
Sister
Chromosome
Chromatids
Zygote
Haploid
Crossing Over
Diploid
Cumulative Science Skills
Master List
Name: ______________________
Date: __________ Period: ______
Skills Quiz #14 Information Sheet
Latin Roots:
Latin Root
Neuro
TeloHomo, homeo
Hydro
-philic
Meaning
Neuron
End
Same
Water
Having a preference for
Example(s)
neurotransmitter
telophase
Homozygous, homeostasis
Hydrophilic, hydroelectric
Hydrophilic
Vocabulary:
Alleles
genotype
dominant
recessive
phenotype
linked genes
homozygous
monohybrid
cross
heterozygous
dihybrid cross
Skills Quiz #15 Information Sheet
Latin Roots:
Latin Root
Auto
Troph
Vore
Carn
Herb
Vocabulary:
Incomplete
Dominance
Sex-linked genes
Meaning
self
Nutrition
Eat, consume
Meat, flesh
Plant
Codominance
Pedigree
Skills Quiz #16 Information Sheet
There was no list this week.
Multiple
Alleles
Mutagen
Example(s)
Autotroph
Autotroph, heterotroph
Carnivore, omnivore
Carnivore, omnivore, herbivore
Herbivore, herbicide
Polygenic Traits
Chromosomal
mutation
Sex-linked Traits
Nondisjunction
Cumulative Science Skills
Master List
Name: ______________________
Date: __________ Period: ______
Skills Quiz #17 Information Sheet
Latin Roots:
Latin Root
Ad
Cyto
Di
Ecto
Gram
Meaning
To, toward
Cell
Two
Outer, outside
Write, record
Example(s)
Adhesion
Cytoplasm
Dicotyledon, divide
Ectotherm,
Diagram, cladogram, telegram
Vocabulary:
Evolution
Genetic Drift
Phylogeny
Speciation
Natural
Adaptation
Gene Pool
Punctuated
Convergent
Homologous
Equilibrium
Evolution
Structures
Selection
Skills Quiz #18 Information Sheet
Latin Roots:
Latin Root
Ab
Bi
cardio
Meaning
Away, apart
Two
Heart, relating to the heart
-ase
Uni
Enzyme
One
Example(s)
Absorb, absorption
Binary, bisect
Cardiovascular, cardiac
muscle
Catalase, polymerase, lactase
Unicellular, unique
Vocabulary:
Fossil
Phylogeny
Homologous
Analogous
Vestigial
Structure
Structure
Structures
Phylogenic Tree
Divergence
Coevolution
Embryo
Convergent
Evolution
Cumulative Science Skills
Answer
D
H
A
Term
Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic
Master List
Letter
Choice
A
Name: ______________________
Date: __________ Period: ______
Definition/Meaning
Process that makes ATP by breaking down carbonbased molecules when oxygen is present.
B
Respiration
Anaerobic process by which ATP is produced by
glycolysis.
Part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from
Cellular Respiration
C
sunlight and transfers energy to the lightindependent reactions.
I
B
Electron Transport
D
Chain
Type of respiration that requires oxygen.
Part of photosynthesis that uses energy absorbed
Fermentation
E
during the light-dependent reaction to make
carbohydrates.
J
Process by which light energy is converted to
Glucose
F
chemical energy; produces sugar and oxygen from
carbon dioxide and water.
C
Light-dependent
E
F
Light-independent
G
Energy from the sun.
H
Type of respiration that does not require oxygen to
Reaction
Reaction
occur. Fermentation is an example of this.
Series of proteins in the thylakoid and mitochondrial
Photosynthesis
I
membranes that aid in converting ADP to ATP by
transferring electrons. The part of cellular
respiration that produces the most ATP.
G
Solar Energy
J
The monomer produced by photosynthesis. It is
used by the mitochondria in cellular respiration.
Cumulative Science Skills
Master List
Name: ______________________
Date: __________ Period: ______
Answer
Term
Letter
Choice
Definition/Meaning
F
Centromere
A
This is an ordered set of events, culminating in cell growth
A
Cell Cycle
B
Half of the duplicated chromosome.
B
Chromatid
C
Molecule that stores genetic information in all organisms.
H
J
and division into two daughter cells.
Found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Chromosome
D
Process by which the cell divides its nucleus and the
contents of the nucleus.
A microtubule within the cell that is very thin, that
Cytokinesis
E
connects to the centromere of sister chromatids and helps
to align and pull apart the chromatids during anaphase.
C
DNA
F
A region on a chromosome that joins two sister
chromatids. The “button”.
G
Gene
G
A specific region of DNA that codes for a particular
I
D
protein. A small section of DNA on a chromosome.
Interphase
H
Long, continuous thread of DNA that consists of
numerous genes and regulatory information.
The phase of the cell cycle in which a cell spends
Mitosis
I
approximately 90% of its life. During this time period, the
cell performs normal cell functions and will duplicate DNA
and organelles in preparation for mitosis.
E
Spindle Fiber
J
Process by which the cell cytoplasm divides.
Cumulative Science Skills
Master List
Name: ______________________
Date: __________ Period: ______
Week 12
Answer
Term
Letter
Choice
F
A
H
Benign
A
Definition/Meaning
Common name for a class of diseases characterized
by uncontrolled cell division.
Cancer
B
Sex cell; an egg or sperm cell.
Cell that has two copies of each chromosome, one
Cell Plate
C
from an egg and one from a sperm. Normal body
cells are this.
J
G
C
B
Checkpoint
D
Cell that has only one copy of each chromosome.
Gametes (sex cells) are this.
Cleavage Furrow
E
Cell that makes up all the body tissues and organs,
except gametes.
Diploid
F
Having no dangerous effect on health, especially
referring to an abnormal growth of cells that are not
cancerous.
Gamete
G
This forms during cytokinesis and eventually pinches
the cell into two nearly equal parts.
Rigid structure made of cellulose, created during the
D
Haploid
H
telophase stage of mitosis during the cell cycle to
separate the two new daughter cells. Occurs in
plant cells.
I
Cancerous tumor in which cells break away and
Malignant
I
spread to other parts of the body, causing harm to
the organism’s health.
E
Somatic Cell
J
A critical control point in the cell cycle where stop
and go signals can regulate the cycle.
Cumulative Science Skills
Master List
Name: ______________________
Date: __________ Period: ______
13
Answer
Term
Letter
Choice
D
J
C
Centromere
A
Definition/Meaning
Cell that has only has only one copy of each
chromosome.
Chromosome
B
Crossing Over
C
One half of a replicated chromosome. Separates
during Anaphase 2 of meiosis.
Exchange of chromosome segments between
homologous chromosomes during meiosis 1.
Part of a condensed chromosome that looks,
pinched; where spindle fibers attach during meiosis
I
Diploid
D
and mitosis.
The button that holds the sister chromatids
together.
G
A
H
Gene
E
Cell that forms when a male gamete fertilizes a
female gamete.
Haploid
F
A group of four chromatids formed by synapsis at
the beginning of meiosis.
G
Specific region of DNA that codes for a particular
Homologous
Chromosomes
protein.
Chromosomes that have the same length,
B
F
Sister Chromatids
H
appearance, and copies of genes, although the
alleles may differ.
Cell that has two copies of each chromosome, one
Tetrad
I
from an egg and one from a sperm.
Somatic body cells are this. (2N)
E
Zygote
J
Long, continuous thread of DNA that consists of
numerous genes and regulatory information.
Cumulative Science Skills
Answer
E
B
G
C
I
D
A
F
H
J
Master List
Term
Letter
Choice
Alleles
A
dihybrid cross
B
dominant
C
genotype
D
heterozygous
E
homozygous
F
linked genes
G
monohybrid cross
H
phenotype
I
recessive
J
Name: ______________________
Date: __________ Period: ______
Definition/Meaning
WEEK 14
Genes that are close together on a chromosome
and generally travel together during the process of
crossing over.
Cross, or mating, between organisms involving two
pairs of contrasting traits.
Type of Punnett square that compares two different
characteristics of an organism.
Collection of all of an organism’s genetic
information that codes for traits. The letter
combination that represents an organism’s traits.
Characteristic of having two of the same alleles at
the same locus of homologous chromosomes.
Different forms of genes.
Cross, or mating, between organisms that involves
only one pair of contrasting traits.
Type of Punnett square that compares one
characteristic.
Allele that is expressed when two different alleles
are present in an organism’s genotype.
Allele that makes itself known over another.
A collection of all of an organism’s physical
characteristics.
The characteristics that you can see.
Characteristic of having two different alleles that
appear at the same locus of homologous
chromosomes.
Allele that is not expressed unless two copies are
present in an organism’s genotype. Allele that is
only expressed when there is no other choice.
Cumulative Science Skills
Answer
Term
H
A
D
Chromosomal
F
G
Master List
Letter
Choice
A
mutation
Codominance
Heterozygous genotype that equally expresses the traits
from both alleles. Ex. A dog that show both white and
black fur, not gray.
C
A trait associated with a gene that is carried only by the
male or female parent. Ex. Colorblindness.
Incomplete
Dominance
Multiple Alleles
D
E
Nondisjunction
F
J
Pedigree
G
Polygenic Traits
H
Sex-linked genes
I
C
or I
WEEK 15
Trait that is produced by two or more genes. Ex. Skin
color.
E
C or
I
Definition/Meaning
B
Mutagen
B
Name: ______________________
Date: __________ Period: ______
Sex-linked
Traits
J
Heterozygous phenotype that is a blend of the two
homozygous phenotypes. Ex. A red and white flower
would create pink offspring.
The failure of one or more pairs of homologous
chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally
during mitosis or meiosis, usually resulting in an
incorrect distribution of chromosomes in the daughter
nuclei.
There can be more than one allele for a particular trait
even if only two of them are inherited.
For example, blood type has three alleles – A, B, and O
Agent that can induce or increase the frequency of
mutations in organisms. Something that can cause a
mutation.
Mutations that involved long strands of DNA called
chromosomes.
Gene that is located on a sex chromosome.
Chart of the phenotypes and genotypes in a a family that
is used to determine whether an individual is a carrier of
a recessive allele.
Cumulative Science Skills
Answer
E
I
J
Master List
Term
Letter
Choice
Adaptation
A
Convergent
B
Evolution
Name: ______________________
Date: __________ Period: ______
Definition/Meaning
Week 17
The scientific theory that explains how organisms evolve.
The total genetic information of all members of a population.
This occurs when some individuals have more offspring than
another, even though both are equally fit to their
environment. The offspring will have more of the alleles of
the individual that produced the most offspring. This effects
smaller populations the most.
Evolution
C
B
Gene Pool
D
C
Genetic Drift
E
Structures and behaviors that increase an organism’s chance
of survival that tend to become more common in a
population.
F
Body parts of different organisms that have a similar
structure, but may have different functions.
F
A
Homologous
Structures
Natural
G
Selection
H
D
G
The theory that evolution occurs in spurts. This change can
occur because of random changes in the DNA or sudden
changes in the environment.
Phylogeny
H
The evolution of a new species from an existing species.
Example: When a species is physically separated and the
two environments change differently. The species in each
area will evolve to their environments so much that they will
eventually become different species.
The evolutionary history of organisms.
Punctuated
I
Equilibrium
Speciation
J
The development of similar structures or behaviors in
species that evolved independently.
Changes in organisms over time.
Cumulative Science Skills
Answer
Term
D
Analogous
A
E
H
I
Master List
Letter
Choice
A
Structure
Coevolution
B
Name: ______________________
Date: __________ Period: ______
Definition/Meaning
Week 18
The process by which two species evolve
in response to changes in each other. Ex.
Hummingbird beak and long thin flowers.
The evolutionary history of organisms.
Convergent
C
Evolution
Body part that does not seem to play a major role in an
organism’s life functions. Ex. The human appendix.
Body parts that have a similar function but not
a similar structure. Ex. Butterfly wings and bat
wings.
Divergence
D
Embryo
E
Fossil
F
J
Homologous
G
G
B
Phylogenic
Tree
H
Phylogeny
I
An early stage in the development of an
organism.
J
Body parts of different organisms that are
similar in size, shape and genetic material.
Ex. Human arms and horse legs have the
same basic bone structure.
F
C
Structure
Vestigial
Structures
The development of similar structures or behaviors in species
that evolved independently.
The remains or traces of organisms that
lived in the past.
Branching diagram that shows the evolution of a group of
related species over time.
The evolutionary separation between species.