Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary Rock
 Formed from particles
of sediment deposited
by ______ and _____.
 _________ is small
pieces of solid
materials that come
from rocks or living
things.
Origins of Sedimentary Rock
 Wind, water, ice, sunlight, and
gravity all cause rock to
physically weather into
________.
Stratification

Through _________, these rock
and mineral fragments, called
sediment, are moved from one
place to another.

The sediment is deposited in
layers, and eventually _______
layers cover the _______ layers.
 Yes, all these rocks
are layered or
“_________.”
Weathering
 The process by
which _______ rock
is broken down into
small pieces by the
elements of _____
(wind, rain, ice,
chemical actions,
plants, etc.)
Erosion

Occurs when water or
wind loosens rock and
soil and ______ it
away.
Deposition
 The process by
which the sediment
________ out of the
water or air
carrying it.
 Sediment is
deposited when the
wind or water slows
down.
Compaction
 As the _______
settle they will
loosely fit on top
of each other.
 As the years go by,
more and more
_______ is added.
 The bottom layers
get ________ by the
weight of the
layers above them.
Cementation
 While compaction is going
on, minerals in the rock
slowly ___________.
 The dissolved minerals
seep into the spaces
between the ________
sediment.
 They ________ and glue
the sediments together.
Lithification
 The process by which sediment becomes sedimentary rock.
 From Greek word “_________,” which means ________.
 Erosion
 Deposition
 Compaction
 Cementation
Types of Sedimentary Rock
 __________: formed when rock fragments are
squeezed together.
 ________: (biological)formed from the remains of
living things.
 __________: formed when dissolved minerals
crystallize.
Clastic Sedimentary Rock
Conglomerate
and Breccia
 Formed from a
______ of rock
fragments of
different sizes.
 Conglomerate has
________ edges.
 Breccia has
larger fragments
with ______ or
______ edges.
Sandstone
 Formed from
_____ on
beaches, ocean
floors, river
beds, and
deserts.
 Mainly quartz.
Shale
 _______ rock
formed from tiny
particles of
clay.
 Water deposits
tiny clay
particles in
_____ layers.
 Feels smooth and
______ easily
into flat sheets.
Organic Sedimentary
Rock
 Formed from the
remains of _______
and _______ that were
deposited in thick
layers.
 Also called _______
rock.
Coal
 Formed from
the remains of
ancient
_______.
 As layer upon
layer of dead
plants built
up, the bottom
layers were
_________ into
coal.
 Stored
chemical
energy from
the _______.
 Fossil fuel.

Chemical
Sedimentary Rock
 Formed when water
with _________
minerals
___________.
 The left behind
minerals will
crystallize.
Limestone
 Formed from the
shells of ancient
_____________ and
plants.
 Shells fall to
the bottom of the
ocean in layers,
some 100’s of
meters thick.
 Compaction
creates
_____________.
Chalk
 Formed from
the _________
of ancient sea
life.
 Creates layers
100’s of feet
thick
 White Cliffs
of Dover
Gypsum
Halite
 Rock _______
 Formed from
seas and
___________
that dried up.
 The salt forms
large
____________.
 Made from
___________
deposits.
 Used to make
sheet rock
for homes.