Can travel through
Space
(no air in space)
radiation
Is the DIRECT
transfer of energy
through
electromagnetic waves.
1. visible light
3 ways
sun’s
energy reaches the
Earth
2. infrared radiation
(heat)
3. ultraviolet radiation
visible light
ROY-G-BIV
UV rays
Causes sunburn
ultraviolet
radiation
SMALLEST amount of
radiation reaching Earth
What happens to sun’s energy R
when it reaches Earth?
A
Reflected back into space by clouds
Absorbed by the earth’s surface
(water,land)
R
A
R
A
S
R
Reflected back the earth’s surface
A Absorbed by
atmosphere/clouds
S Scattered by dust
Greenhouse effect
Like a blanket
Keeps Earth warm
thermometer
Measures
temperature
2 most common
temperature scales
Celsius
Freeze 0 C
Boil 100 C
Fahrenheit
32 F
212 F
Definition:
HEAT
Energy transferred
from a hotter
to a colder
object
to
Helpful
+ Greenhouse Effect
Protects
plants and
people from
harmful UV
rays; keeps
planet warm
enough
Harmful
Traps too
much carbon
dioxide;
warms up
planet
Degrees
UNITS for TEMPERATURE?
Temperature
The AVERAGE amount of
ENERGY of MOTION in each
MOLECULE of a substance
(definition)
WAYS HEAT CAN BE
TRASNFERRED
Hint: CCR
CONDUCTION
TRANSFER OF HEAT by
DIRECT TOUCH
TRANSFER of HEAT by
movement of a FLUID
CONVECTION
FLUID = FLOWS
Direct Transfer of Heat by
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
RADIATION
DENSITY
of
AIR
Cold Air is MORE dense than hot air
C>H
What causes
WIND?
Uneven heating of atmosphere
anemometer
Measures wind SPEED
Wind Vane
Shows wind DIRECTION
N,S,E,W
1. SEA BREEZE
2. LAND BREEZE
3. MONSOON
monsoon
Sea / land breeze
over a LARGE AREA
that changes with the
season.
Monsoon season
Like in Forrest Gump movie
monsoon
Rained, rained, rained …
HINT
Coriolis Effect
CORIOLIS
CURVIOLIS 
Coriolis Effect
Wind in northern hemispshere curve
RIGHT
Wind in southern hemisphere curve
LEFT
1. Doldrums
2. Trade Winds
3. Prevailing Westerlies
4. Polar Easterlies
Doldrums
Near equator
Dol-drum
Very calm, weak wind
Steady winds
Trade Winds
Equator to 30
Prevailing
Westerlies
30 - 60
WEST TO east
Polar
Easterlies
60 – Poles
EAST to west
1. cumulus
2. stratus
3
Main Types
of Clouds
3. cirrus
Examples:
Horse latitudes
30 N
30 S
latitudes
How / When
Do CLOUDS FORM ?
When WATER VAPOR (gas)
becomes
LIQUID or ICE CRYSTALS
Feathery
Wispy
Horse tail looking
Cumulonimbus
Clouds
Thunderstorm Clouds
barometer
????
Barometer
Measures changes in
air pressure
Strata = layer
stratus
clouds
dew point
Layers of clouds; often
cover most of the sky
On a ‘gray day’
The temperature at which
water in the air turns into
water (droplets)
Cotton ball, puffy
Cumulus
clouds
Thermal energy
Total amount of
energy
Vs.
Temperature
FLUIDS
(like air)
&
AIR PRESSURE
relationship
psychrometer
Vs.
Average amount of
energy
Moves
HIGH
TOWARD Low
High to Low
Instrument that
measures
Relative humidity
Rain gauge
Measures how much
precipitation falls to the earth
UV Radiation
Absorption
OZONE absorbs most of it
INFRARED
RADIATION
MOST of the energy that
heats the Earth is INFRARED
RADIATION
sun’s heat
Greenhouse
Effect
How is the
TROPOSPHERE
heated?
the PROCESS
by which gases (ozone)
holds HEAT in the
ATMOSPHERE
Mostly by CONVECTION
troposphere = weather
weather = hot, cold, wet, dry,
windy
CONVECTION
happens because
Global Winds
Vs.
Local Winds
Global  winds over
very LARGE
areas
Local  winds over
small areas
 Comes from the land
Land
Breeze
Land cools faster than sea
Warmer air over sea
rises – cooler air from
land moves toward sea
 Comes from the sea
Sea Breeze
Sea heats up slower than land
Warmer land air rises – cooler
air from sea moves toward the
land.
Sea Breeze
Breezy DAY at SEAshore
Sand warms up before sea
Land Breeze
Land COOLS off slower than
sea
Gnats / mosquitos from the
sand dune grasses bite!
condensation
Forms especially when glass is
cold and it’s warm outside
Ice tea in the summer?
precipitation
ANY water that FALLS from
the clouds
RAIN to SNOW
ratio
to
1 :
10
cloud seeding
silver iodide
&
dry ice
Wind chill
factor
When the air FEELS
cooler than it really is
because of the wind
drought
Little or no RAIN for LONG
periods of time
 Restricted lawn watering
sleet
Snow falls, then
melts into rain
then
refreezes and
falls as SLEET
Snow falls,
Then melts into rain
Freezing rain
BUT
Only FREEZES when it HITS
the GROUND
Sleet vs. Freezing Rain
psychrometer
Remember fanning it to make
the wet paper evaporate &
cool?