NANO TECHNOLOGY
Q.What is nano technology?
A: when we study any material at its atomic and molecular level it is called nano technology. It
studies at 10^-9 m level.
# Origin of nano techology:
1. Van Hippell of MIT university, USA talkd about it in 1950s and said there is a
possibilty of making nano molecular instruments.
2. Richard feynman who first of all propose the concept of nano tehcnology in 1959( he
was nobel prize winner in physical science).He gave this concept in his book ‘ There is
plenty of room at the bottom’ .
3. Nano techonolgy word that was used for the first time in 1974 in tokyo university by
scientist Norio Taniguchi in his experiment paper. But
4. It was K. Erik Drekslar who worked serioulsy in this direction who gave his thoughts
about it in his book ‘Engines of creation’
5. Nano technology and nano science was started in 1980 with two discoveries
a) Cluster science
b) STM- Scanning Tunnneling Microscope
# Nano particles and Quantum dots
1.
Particles of the size 10-100nm are called nano partilces and 1-10nm size particles are
calles quantum dots.
2.
QD( quamtum dots) are the hundreth part of a material also known as ‘artificial molecule’
# Carbon nano tubes:
1. Carbon nano tubes CNTs are allotropes of sylindrical nano structure which
are made up
of 28000000:1 ratio in length to volume size.
2.
CNTs has chemical bond similar to graphite SP^2 bond which is more stronger than
diamond bond sp^3
3. CNTs by nature adjust itself like a rope when strechtd through Vaandar wall forces which
provides it ultimate strength with utmost flexiblity.
4. CNTs are classified into
a) SWNTs- Single Wall Nano Tubes
b) MWNTs- Multi Wall Nano Tubes
# Uses of CNTs
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LCDs, OLEDs.
Electonic circuits
Medical sciences
Nano electrical mechanical system
Super conductivity material
Tube space elevator etc.
# Fullerene:
1. Fullerene is the cage like pantagonal or hexagonal structure of carbon molecules.
2. It was created by prof. R.E Smeliy etall in 1985, & for this he got nobel prize in 1986.
3. Fullerene was obtained from vaporisation of graphite in nutral gas He or Ar in presence
of electricity.(fullerene produced as micro carbon particles)
4. The simplest form of fullerene is Buckminister which C-60 carbon atom in circular
shape. Famously known as buckminister fullerene.
5. Chemically it is stable and because of stronge bond between its particles, a temperature
of range 1000 degree C needed to break it down.
#D.N.A computing
1. DNA computing, the performing of computations using biological molecules, rather than
traditional silicon chips .
2. L.M Adleman was pioneer in this field.
# Nano robots
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Nano robots are very small size robots ( 0.5-3 micro meter).
Made up of nano particles of size 1-100 nm.
Nano robots can travels in human body vessels without harming them.
Since its surface is very slippery in nature hence no effect of anitbodies.
Glucose or sugar in human body will be the source of power.
With the help of nano robots a physician can not only moniter the healing process but
also can command them when ever there is need.?
7. After their complition of work they can excreted with excreta.
#Nano BOTS or BIOMEMS
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Biomems- Bio Micro Mechanical System , it’s a probe on which experiment is going on.
Its has specility that it can travel with blood flow, identify the disease and their cure.
Recommended medicine can directly be provided where it needed with bloodstream.
For nano bots small hydrogen cell will used for fuelling.
# Green Nano Technology
1. GNT is micro science under which economically friendly materials are produce which
causes minimum harm to the environment.
2. Green chemicals : these are those chemicals under nano technology which reduces the
waste products in a chemical reaction.
# Possible dangers of nano technology
1. Grey-goo : its by product of nano bots which is self replicating and which in turns
earthly things into grey-goo and cause piosonous air in the enviroment. This process in
known as ‘Global Ecophagy’
2. Nano technology can used in making nano bombs.
3. Nano literbugs an active pollution problem.
# Development of nano technology in india
1. Department of science & technology is trusted with main leadership in nano technology.
2. Nano science & technology mission(NSTM)-2007 was started by DST.
3. Planning commission has recommended for NINA ( NATIONAL INSTT OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE)
4. Insttitute of nano science & technology (INST) will established in Mohali, Bangaluru and
Kolkata.
5. Dr. sudita vasu of Insttitute of science & education(ISER) pune , has made nano viechle
which can carry medicine with in blood vessels and deliver them on cancerous cell
directly to destory them, its extermely usefull in cancer disease where rest of the cells are
unharmed except the cancerious one.
# international contribution of india
1. In the year 2003 , department of science & technology(DST) has organised an “
international conference on nano science and technology”, on kolkata. In which india has
showed its keenness on nano tech.
2. South africa, brazil, india trio has made attempt in nano techology field.
3. Euro-india NET , under FP- 6 union of europe and india which stimulates the
collaborations of both the country in nano field.
# Nano mission
1. With an aim of development of india and improvement in nano science and nano
techology a “National nano science and technology” mission was started in 2007 known
as NANO MISSION,
 Main aim of nano mission
a) Experimental motivation,
b) Basic infrasture for nano technology
c) Public-private partnership in nano field
d) Development of technical centres
e) Human resources development in nano technology
f) International contribution in nano techology.
2. Nano mission council was established under the chairmanship of prof. C.N.R Rao .
3. Prof C.N.R Rao is considered as father of nano technology in india.
4. For nano mission two advisory commission were created viz;
a) Nano science advisory group (NSAG)
b) Nano application and technical advisory(NATAG)
by Amit sankhla
References:
1. Vivaas panorama: science & technology 2013-14 by vijay kumar rai.
2. Images wikipedia.
3. Dna computing definition , britanica encyclopedia.