A STATISTICAL REVIEW OF THE MOST CITED ISI PAPERS IN THE FIELD
OF RESERVOIR OPERATION
Mohammad Sadegh Sadeghian1, Mohammad Heydari3, Faridah Othman*4 and
Saba Yeganeh2
1.
2.
3.
4.
Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic
Azad University, Iran. m.sadeghian29@yahoo.com
PhD candidate, Dept of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia, m3heydariii@yahoo.com
Associated professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia, Faridah_ce@yahoo.com
MSc Graduate at Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic
Azad University, Tehran, Iran. saba.yegane66@gmail.com
Abstract:
Research has always been a tremendous role in the development of in theory and
applied issues. These developments have been reflected in many scientific papers. This
paper aims to identify the best papers in the field of optimal reservoir operation. The
method used in this research is reviewing of ISI papers taken from the Web of Science. In
this regard, 579 papers have been found between 1980 and 2014 that the two words
“Reservoir” and “Operation” have been seen in their titles. In fact, the results of this
statistical study introduce the top researchers, journals and the leading countries in the
field of optimal reservoir operation. The large number of publications in this field
indicates that the problem of water resources cannot be solved only by the construction of
the dam and it needs more study on optimal operation of water resources.
Keywords: Reservoir operation, ISI paper, Optimization, Top cited papers, Water
resources
1. Introduction:
In recent decades, the vast amount of the papers indicates that extensive efforts
have been made to overcome the theoretical and practical problems. Operation of
reservoirs is one of the most important and complicated issues in usage of dams that the
designers have had challenges with for long (Othman et al. 2012b). During the last
decades, optimization and simulation have been used widely in water resource systems
planning and management. The main focus of previous studies were on developing tools
to help decision making in water resources planning and development (Othman et al.
2012a). In recent years, researchers have used different techniques for optimal operation
of reservoirs. They used mathematical programming methods, evolutionary algorithms
and artificial intelligent for solving problems in this area. Linear Programming (Reis et
al. 2006), Mixed Integer Linear Programming (Heydari et al. 2014), Nonlinear
Programming (Arunkumar and Jothiprakash 2012), Folded Dynamic Programming
(Kumar et al. 2010) are some mathematical programming methods. Genetic Algorithm
(Chang et al. 2010; Noori et al. 2013), Particle Swarm Optimization (Ostadrahimi et al.
2012), Honey-bee mating optimization (HBMO) algorithm (Afshar et al. 2007), Ant
Colony Optimization (Kumar and Reddy 2006) are samples of evolutionary algorithms,
Also, Artificial Neural Networks (Chaves and Chang 2008) and fuzzy systems (Mousavi
et al. 2007) are two artificial intelligence techniques that have been used in the reservoir
operation. In this paper we aim to evaluate statistically the previous research in the
reservoir operation fields. The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) has been used for
this study since it has a systematic way to measure the citation of scientific journals, and
it is considered as a good indicator for assessment of scientific research.
2. Material and Methods:
Surveying on scientific research in the field of reservoir operation, the reference
should be reliable and valid. For this purpose, the website of the Institute for Scientific
Information (ISI) database, which is known as an indicator for measuring citations in
scientific journals were used. In the first step, the phrases “Reservoir” and “Operation”
were searched together in the title search bar. These terms were searched in titles between
1980 to 2014 years and 579 papers were collected and listed. Then, the data related to the
articles such as title, author names, countries/territories, publication years, source titles
and citations were sorted in the Microsoft Excel. For statistical analysis, the quantitative
and qualitative statistical software was used.
3. Results
The most cited papers: Among mentioned 579 papers, the first one hundred
papers have been considered as references which the most citations are 516 and the
minimum is 14 times. The average number of citations is 40.90. Table 1 shows the top 10
papers with the most citations.
Table 1 Top 10 papers with the most citations
Rank
1
2
3
Citation
count
516
177
127
4
112
5
103
6
7
8
97
91
87
9
84
10
71
Title of Paper
Reservoir management and operations models - a state-of-the-art review
Evaluation of genetic algorithms for optimal reservoir system operation
Application of ANN for reservoir inflow prediction and operation
Stochastic dynamic-programming models for reservoir operation
optimization
Optimal operation of multi-reservoir power-systems with stochastic
inflows
Intelligent control for modelling of real-time reservoir operation
Sampling stochastic dynamic-programming applied to reservoir operation
Fuzzy rule-based modeling of reservoir operation
Optimizing hydropower reservoir operation using hybrid genetic
algorithm and chaos
Honey-bee mating optimization (HBMO) algorithm for optimal reservoir
Classification of Papers: Among the papers, 78% of them were published in
journals and 20% of them were also presented at conferences. Studies show that only
1.03% of the papers are review papers (figure 1). The statistics show that there can be
more review paper published in this field.
Figure 1 The number of different document types about reservoir operation
The Time Distribution: Among of 579 papers dealing with optimization of dam
reservoir operation, most of the papers that related to the year 2012 are 56 papers which
indicate the importance of the subject and need for research in those years. For after the
construction of large dams in different countries of the world, enhancing the efficiency
and effectiveness of the reservoir systems and maximizing the benefits arising from them
have been the most studied topics in recent years. Figure 2 shows the time-distribution of
related papers. As seen here, about 65% of the available papers are related to the period
of 2004 to 2013.
Figure 2 The number of papers published in ISI journals about reservoir operation in
different years
The spatial distribution (Superior Countries): General review of 579 papers
show that the most papers related to optimal operation of dam reservoirs are for China
and the United States of America, each of them have 132 papers and the next rank is
related to Iran with 72 papers and Canada, and India have been place in next ranks with
52 and 43 papers respectively. It should be mentioned that China and USA have most
number of dams with 80,000 and 75,000 dams, respectively.. Figure 3 shows the
distribution of number of papers in different countries of the world.
Figure 3 Leading countries in reservoir operation research
Language of Papers: About 557 papers out of 579 papers, i.e., around 97% have
been written in English and then 9 papers, i.e., about 1.5% has been written in German.
Subject Classification: More than 61% of papers are in the field of water resources
and over 55% of them are in the field of engineering studies and 18% of them are
environmental domain among selected 579 papers. This happens while many of the
papers fall into two or even more domains. The Table 2 shows the frequency of first five
field studies of these papers.
Table 2 the major frequencies subjects related to reservoir operation
Areas of study
Water Resources
Engineering
Environment
Geology
Computer sciences
Number of Papers
354
322
109
75
55
Different Applied Optimization Methods: Table 3 represent different applied
optimization methods studding by authors. Some papers have used a combination of two
or more optimization methods. The applied methods in reviewed papers are in the Table
3.
Table 3 Optimization methods applied in reservoir operation papers
Mathematical methods
Evolutionary algorithms
and artificial intelligence
Optimization Method
DP
LP
NLP
Optimal control
GA
Fuzzy
ANN
HBMO
ACO
Percent
25%
12%
8.70%
2.50%
21%
20%
3.70%
3.70%
2.50%
Reviewing optimization methods, it has been found that the Dynamic
Programming, Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy methods has been the most used methods in
the literature were reviewed each with 25%, 21% and 20%, respectively.
Top journals: One of the key issues that must be analyzed is to find relevant
journal. The countless number of papers published in each journal represents more
probability of publishing these papers in the proposed journals. Table 4 shows the most
appropriate journals to publish in our case.
Table 4 The most relevant journals to publish papers related to the optimal operation of
reservoirs (with more than 5 papers accepted record)
Source Titles
Records
% of 579
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management ASCE
56
9.672
Water Resources Management
49
8.463
Water Resources Research
42
7.254
Water Resources Bulletin
20
3.454
Hydrological Processes
14
2.418
Hydrological Sciences Journal Journal Des Sciences Hydrologiques
13
2.245
IAHS Publication
13
2.245
Journal of Hydrology
13
2.245
Advances In Water Resources
12
2.073
Applied Mechanics And Materials
10
1.727
Journal of The American Water Resources Association
10
1.727
Journal of Hydroinformatics
9
1.554
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Asce
8
1.382
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering
7
1.209
Considering Hydrological Change in Reservoir Planning and Management
7
1.209
Dynamic Programming Based Operation of Reservoirs Applicability and
Limits
International Hydrology Series
7
1.209
7
1.209
Expert Systems With Applications
6
1.036
Wasserwirtschaft
6
1.036
Superior Researchers: The 579 papers have been written by 256 researchers and
the mean number of researchers is 2.94 and the mean number of papers by per researcher
has been 4.5 papers. The maximum numbers of authors for a paper have been 12 and
after that 10 authors .An author has largest number 19 papers in reservoir operation field.
The following table shows the top 10 authors with the most papers in this area. It can be
said these persons are somehow the most expert regarding to optimize operation of dam
reservoirs. A total of 101 Editors also undertook the task of editing 579 papers ten of
them with the highest number of papers are presented in the table 5.
Table 5 Top 10 author and editor in reservoir operation subject
Top Authors
Author
#of papers
1 Marino Ma
19
2 Karamouz M
15
3 Afshar A
13
4 Simonovic Sp
12
5 Chang Fj
11
6 Afshar Mh
10
7 Mousavi Sj
10
8 Cai Xm
9
9 Haddad Ob
9
10 Kumar DN
9
Top Editors
Editor name
#of Papers
Shang Hq
Belyaev V
Gargouri E
Kuczera G
Mahe G
Mallory S
Schumann A
Luo Xx
Hu C
Jiang Cb
10
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
5
5
Keywords: The main reason to choose one paper as a superior paper is the high
number of citations. These numbers of citations usually occur when the paper will be
significantly easier found in search. Assuming equal access conditions, the paper appears
earlier in which title and keywords are used better. So choosing the proper research title
and keyword are playing an important role in this field. Here, statistics and available
information among the papers are presented separately in the author keywords (or
keywords written in the paper) and Keyword plus as suggested keywords in Web of
Science. Ten available key words in written papers are presented in the table 6. Total
repetition of these ten words in the papers has been 976 times and the words reservoir and
operation have been ranked in the first and second by 251 and 186 repetitions,
respectively.
Table 6 The comparison of author keyword and keyword plus
Keywords plus
Author keywords
Rank
Word (author)
Occurrences
Frequency
Rank
Word (plus)
Occurrences
Frequency
1
Reservoir
251
6.7
1
Optimization
110
5
2
Operation
186
4.9
2
Management
87
3.9
3
Water
123
3.3
3
Systems
77
3.5
4
Water
75
3.4
4
Optimization
115
3
5
System
54
2.4
5
Programming
56
1.5
5
Multireservoir
53
2.4
5
Flood
55
1.5
5
Genetic
52
2.3
6
Genetic
52
1.4
7
Model
47
2.1
7
Fuzzy
47
1.2
8
Models
39
1.8
7
Dynamic
46
1.2
8
algorithm
39
1.8
7
Model
45
1.2
Ten keywords suggested in the Web of Science are provided in the following table
which total repetition of these words is 633 times and the first word is Optimization with
110 repetitions and the next word is Management with 87 repetitions. The biggest
character used in the previous papers was a 18-character word and after that a 17character word that each one was used only once. The biggest character used in
recommended papers in Web of Science was a 20-character word used only once. The
statistics are as follows. Two-word phrases have been repeated 420 times in written
papers and the most repeated phrase associated with Reservoir operation which was
repeated 114 times. And a two-word phrase has been repeated 234 times in proposed
papers in Web of Science. Two-word phrase -multi reservoir systems – has been repeated
most frequently 41 times. The statistical studies of two-word phrases are presented in the
table 7 and table 8.
Table 7 Two word phrase expression by author keyword
Expression (author)
Reservoir operation
Dynamic programming
Genetic algorithm
Flood control
Stochastic dynamic
Operation optimization
Water quality
Optimal operation
Multi obective
Water resources
Three gorges
Expression
count
140
36
30
25
20
19
18
18
16
15
15
Frequency
3.6
0.9
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
Optimization reservoir
Genetic algorithms
Swarm optimization
Multi reservoir
14
14
13
12
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
Table 8 Two word phrase expression by keyword plus
Expression(plus)
Multireservoir systems
Genetic algorithm
Water resources
Optimization Management
Water supply
Management models
Supply operations
Systems optimization
Rule curves
Neural network
System optimization
System genetic
Multireservoir system
Optimization system
Hedging rule
Water quality
Optimization models
Expression count
41
27
24
16
14
14
12
11
10
10
9
9
8
8
7
7
7
Frequency
1.8
1.2
1.1
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
Prominence
60.4
67.2
37.8
48
6.9
55.9
5.3
53
55.4
57.3
35.4
55.1
41.4
51.4
18.4
21.3
43.2
Title: The words “Reservoir” and “Operation” are mentioned on all titles. After
these two words, the words “optimal”, “optimization”, “using” and “stochastic” are the
most frequently repeated on the paper titles respectively. Their statistics are demonstrated
in the following table 9.
Table 9 The most common words used in the papers
Rank
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
7
7
Word
Reservoir
Operation
Optimal
Optimization
Using
Stochastic
Multi
Operations
Model
Occurrences
87
83
19
19
18
17
13
13
12
Frequency
10.6
10.1
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.1
1.6
1.6
1.5
4. Conclusion:
This study may be considered as a first statistical report on the reservoirs operation
papers. The findings showed that a lot of researches are done for optimal reservoir
operation every year. This means that storing the water in reservoirs cannot address the
problems solely and optimal reservoir operation should be considered after every dam
construction. By looking at the analysis in this paper, it is clear that the most citations
(excluding review articles) for articles are for papers that emphasize the use of modern
methods. Meanwhile, the importance of the optimal reservoir operation in some countries
such as Iran is a little more because of water shortage crisis.
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Arunkumar R, Jothiprakash V (2012) Optimal reservoir operation for hydropower
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