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Shaping the Earth: Weathering, Erosion, and Running Water
Your test is Wednesday, November 10
DATE
STUDY GUIDE
PERIOD
Ch. 5 & 6
1. Define mechanical weathering.
2. What are four types of mechanical weathering?
3. Circle the type of mechanical weathering above that involves the
constant freezing and thawing of water.
4. What happens to water’s volume when it freezes?
5. Put a star next to the type of mechanical weathering that is most
common in the mountainous regions in middle latitudes.
6. Define chemical weathering.
7. What are three types of chemical weathering?
8. What would cause the inscription on a marble gravestone to
become harder and harder to read over time?
9. In what type of climate is chemical weathering most effective?
10. What are the four major components of soil?
11. What determines a soil’s texture?
12. What is the main source of organic material in soil?
13. In what type of area and climate would soil formation be the
greatest?
14. On the figure to the right, label the A, B, and C horizons, and the
parent material (bedrock)
15. The B horizon is also called ___________________________________
16. What type of soil is characteristic of the humid Eastern US?
17. How have rates of soil erosion changed compared to the past?
18. What are some human activities that have caused an increase in soil
erosion?
19. What affects the rate of soil erosion?
20. What is a soil called that has 20 % clay, 60 % silt, and 20 % sand?
21.
What are the proportions of
sand, silt, and clay at points A, B, and
C?
22.
What is the force behind mass
movements?
23.
Explain how the removal of
vegetation can trigger mass
movements.
24.
In what season would you
expect mass movements to be the
greatest?
25.
What is the mass movement
that involves the sudden movement
of a block of material along a flat,
inclined surface?
26.
What is the mass movement
that involves a block of material
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moving downslope along a curved surface?
27. Label RUNOFF, PRECIPITATION, INFILTRATION, and EVAPORATION on the figure below.
PERIOD
28. The ability of a stream to erode and transport material depends largely on its __________
29. What is the single most important erosional agent on earth?
30. Where is the gradient of a stream the steepest?
31. What is the vertical drop of a stream channel over a certain distance called?
32. How does a stream’s discharge change as you move from its source to the mouth?
33. As a stream’s discharge increases, what happens?
34. What are ways a stream’s discharge could be changed based on the climate?
35. What does lowering a stream’s base level do?
36. Where do most stream’s carry the largest part of their load?
37. Describe the particles that are usually in the suspended load of a stream.
38. What is the depositional feature that forms when a stream enters a lake or ocean?
39. What size particles are deposited first in a stream?
40. What is the depositional feature created when a stream divides into smaller channels?
41. What are some major causes of floods?
42. What is a traditional flood control method that attempts to keep a stream’s flow within its channel?
43. Label the zone of aeration and zone of saturation in the figure below.
44.
Which well, F or G, will
be able to pump water?
Define porosity.
45.
Define permeability.
46.
What is a depression in
a water table produced by
pumping water from a well?
47.
How are caverns
formed?
48.
What type of rock
usually underlies karst
topography?
49.
What are some features
of karst topography?