CUSTOMER_CODE SMUDE DIVISION_CODE SMUDE EVENT_CODE JULY15 ASSESSMENT_CODE BB0010_JULY15 QUESTION_TYPE DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION QUESTION_ID 8306 QUESTION_TEXT What do you mean by Drafting Questionnaire? SCHEME OF EVALUATION Success of questionnaire method of collection of data depends mainly on proper drafting of the questionnaire. In drafting a questionnaire, following general principles should be considered. 1 mark 1.The number of questions should be as less as possible. If a lengthy questionnaire is unavoidable, it should be divided into two or more parts. 1 mark 2.Questions should be short and simple 1 mark 3.Questions should be such that the answers to them are short. For instance, the question – ‘Are you married?’ can be answered by saying ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ by the informant. 1 mark 4.As far as possible, questions regarding personal matters should not be asked. The questions should be so framed that they do not hurt the feelings of the informants. 1 mark 5.Questions should not be ambiguous, they should be objective. Any scope for misinterpretation should not be there. 1 mark 6.Questions should be logically arranged 1 mark 7.Any clarification, if necessary, regarding any of the questions, should be supplied 1 mark 8.Questions should be so framed that validity of the information supplied by the informant can be cross checked. 1 mark 9.A covering letter introducing the investigator and indicating the purpose of the survey should be attached to the questionnaire. It should supply necessary instructions to the informants regarding the return of the questionnaire, degree of accuracy, etc. 1 mark QUESTION_TYPE DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION QUESTION_ID 8307 QUESTION_TEXT When to use the various types of averages? SCHEME OF EVALUATION The appropriate situations where various averages can be used are given below: Arithmetic mean: 1.The average is required for deep statistical analysis 2.The variable is continuous 3.The variable is additive in nature Median 1.The variable is discrete 2.Some of the extreme values are missing 3.There re abnormal extreme values 4.Mode is ill-defined 5.The characteristic under study is qualitative 5 mark Mode: 1.Modal value has very high frequency compared to other frequencies Some of the extreme values are missing The variable is discrete There are abnormal extreme values The characteristic under study is qualitative 5 mark QUESTION_TYPE DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION QUESTION_ID 8308 QUESTION_TEXT What do you mean by Secular Trend? SCHEME OF EVALUATION Secular trend is the long-term tendency of the time series to move in an upward or downward direction. It summarises the essential life story of the time series. It indicates how, on the whole, the time series has behaved over the entire period under study. Also referred to as secular variations or long-term movements, these are the result of long-term forces that gradually operate on the time series variable. A few examples of such forces include long-term changes in productivity, increase in the rat of capital formation, growth of population, technological innovations, transformation in socio-economic setup, etc. Since these forces occur in a slow process, they exert influence on the time series in a gradual manner.3 mark The total period which is required to permit the emergence of a trend depends on (i) the type of event the time series data relate to, and (ii) the length of the time unit (hour, month, year etc.) against which the data are recorded. The time period could be as short as a few days or as long as fifty years, depending on the nature of the even under consideration. Cyclical Variations Cyclical variations, also termed as business cycles, are the periodic movements in the time series around the trend line. These are the upswings and downswings in the time series that are observable over extended periods of time. Neither the amplitude nor the frequency of occurrence of these cycles is uniform. Empirical studies based on the analysis of time series data on a large number of major economic aggregates conducted in the United States and other developed countries have shown that the length of time interval after which cycles occur ranges from 8 to 10 years.3 mark Long waves extending up to 50 years have also been observed. These long waves are difficult to distinguish as they get mixed up with the trend line. Cycles of 8 to 9 years duration are, however, more common. These are called trade cycles, while those occurring after a time interval of 3 to 4 years are known as minor cycles. 2 mark The forces that give rise to minor cycles cannot be easily listed for being numerous in number and difficult to separate from those giving rise to secular variations. Consequently, business cycles are relatively less predictable than the other types of variations in a time series. 2mark QUESTION_TYPE DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION QUESTION_ID 73103 QUESTION_TEXT What is time series? Briefly explain the four components of time series. SCHEME OF EVALUATION A time series is the data on any variable recorded over a constant time Interval. (2 marks) 1. Secular variations (2 marks) 2. Cyclical variations (2 marks) 3. Seasonal variations (2 marks) 4. Irregular variations (2 marks) QUESTION_TYPE DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION QUESTION_ID 117995 QUESTION_TEXT What is dispersion? Explain briefly the various methods of measuring variation (Dispersion). Variation(dispersion) is the property of deviation of values from the average. The degree variation is indicated by the measures of variation. Various measures of variation are SCHEME OF EVALUATION i. ii. iii. iv. Range: Range is the difference between the highest and the lowest values in the data. Quartile deviation: The quartile deviation is obtained by dividing the range between the lower and the upper quartiles by 2. Mean deviation: The mean deviation of a set of values from a central value is the mean of absolute deviations of the values from the central value. Standard deviation: The standard deviation of a set of values is the positive square root of mean of the squared deviations of the values from their arithmetic mean. QUESTION_TYPE DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION QUESTION_ID 117997 QUESTION_TEXT What is a population? Mention types of Population. Explain Basic properties of population. A Population can be defined as the totality of all possible observations, measurements or outcomes. Two types of Population: i. Finite Population ii. Infinite Population SCHEME OF EVALUATION Basic Properties of Population i. Variability in the Elementary Units: Whatever be our target population, measurements of any characteristics of its elementary units are subject to variations. These variations are caused by the operation of multiplicity of complex forces which act and react upon each other and influence the population units in varying degrees. ii. Variability not without limits: Interestingly, while the variability in the measurement of the elementary units is a universal property of all populations, the magnitude of variations is not without limits. iii. Uniformity in variations: There are multiplicity of complex forces which generate variations in the elementary units. These forces tend to be so balanced in their influence that most of the measurements cluster around a typical central value.