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Nakuru Water and Sanitation Services Company
Meeting between the Staff of NAWASSCO, SUWASA, the
WSTF and Nairobi Iron Mongers in Nakuru on the
Prepaid Meters Project
Minutes of the Meeting (08-05-2012)
Prepaid yard tap being constructed in Manyani Area
NAWASSCO/SUWASA/WSTF/Nairobi Iron Mongers
Minutes of Meeting
May 2012
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1. Table of Contents
1.
Objectives of the Project Planning and Coordination Meeting ......................................... 4
2.
Participants......................................................................................................................... 4
3.
Key Achievements and Planned Activities ......................................................................... 4
Current Project Status ............................................................................................................ 4
Perceptions Regarding the Pilot Prepaid Meters Project ....................................................... 5
Completed Activities............................................................................................................... 5
Planned Activities ................................................................................................................... 6
Project Management Related Activities............................................................................. 6
Preparing NAWASSCO for the Operation of the Prepaid Meters ...................................... 6
Customers, Tokens & Billing ............................................................................................... 7
Technical works .................................................................................................................. 7
Sensitization & Education of Users .................................................................................... 8
Role of the WSTF Field Monitors ............................................................................................ 8
4.
The Community Sensitization and Education Programme ................................................ 9
The Prepaid Meter Itself .................................................................................................... 9
5.
Emphasis on Project Operation.......................................................................................... 9
Project Activities during the Project Operation Phase ......................................................... 10
6.
Monitoring & Evaluation .................................................................................................. 10
7.
Key Objectives & Outputs of the Project ......................................................................... 11
Objectives of the Project ...................................................................................................... 11
Key Outputs of the Project ................................................................................................... 11
8.
The Project Challenges Logbook ...................................................................................... 12
9.
Sale and Recharging of Tokens......................................................................................... 12
The NAWASSCO Meter readers ............................................................................................ 12
Integration with MPESA........................................................................................................ 12
10.
Additional Demand for Prepaid Meters ........................................................................ 12
11.
Prepaid Yard Taps or Prepaid Communal Taps ............................................................. 13
12.
Per Capita Investment Costs ......................................................................................... 13
13.
Involving the Regulator (WASREB) ................................................................................ 14
From Traditional to Prepaid Meters: Creation of New Customers ...................................... 14
Disadvantages of prepaid yard taps ..................................................................................... 14
NAWASSCO/SUWASA/WSTF/Nairobi Iron Mongers
Minutes of Meeting
May 2012
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Advantages of prepaid yard taps .......................................................................................... 14
14.
Creating a Strong Presence in the Low income Areas .................................................. 15
15.
Next Meeting ................................................................................................................. 15
Appendix 1: Prepaid Meters Project Work Plan .................................................................... 15
Appendix 2: Financial Projections on Cost Recovery ............................................................ 15
NAWASSCO/SUWASA/WSTF/Nairobi Iron Mongers
Minutes of Meeting
May 2012
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1. Objectives of the Project Planning and Coordination Meeting
The main objectives of the meeting, which was held at the headquarters of the Nakuru
Water and Sewerage Company (NAWASSCO), can be summed as follows:
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Bring the key stakeholders (partners) of the around one table in order to ensure that
objectives and strategies are shared.
Discuss the DRAFT work programme and make necessary changes.
Discuss the roles and responsibilities of all the partners.
To visit the proposed prepaid meter stand-posts sites (WSTF only).
In order to closely monitor the progress made and the challenges faced, the WSTF proposes
that a next meeting will be held in approximately one month, around the 7th of June (2012).
2. Participants
The meeting was attended by the following persons:
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Eng. James Ng’ang’a, Technical Manager, NAWASSCO.
Mrs. Emma Mutuku , Customer Care, NAWASSCO.
Mrs. Grace Hallonda, SUWASA.
Mr. Eric Adams, Team Leader, Development Innovations Group (SUWASA Nexus
Project).
Mr. Nick Wahome, Development Innovations Group (SUWASA Nexus Project).
Mr. Harshes Patel, Nairobi Iron Mongers.
Mr. Edward Kungu, Architect, WSTF/GIZ.
Mr. Han Seur, GIZ, Advisor to the WSTF.
Han Seur and Edward Kungu represented the WSTF as all senior staff members of the WSTF
as well as the Field Monitors were attending a WSTF management course.
3. Key Achievements and Planned Activities
Current Project Status
NAWASSCO stated that the Company can guarantee that water supply will be sufficient in
the Manyani Area to render the pilot prepaid meters project successful.
NAWASSCO has developed and is implementing a water rationing (redistribution)
programme which will affect the other pilot areas that will benefit from the prepaid
meters/taps.
In these areas there may be need to install a number of strategically placed tanks to ensure
sufficient pressure and a more constant supply.
NAWASSCO/SUWASA/WSTF/Nairobi Iron Mongers
Minutes of Meeting
May 2012
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Perceptions Regarding the Pilot Prepaid Meters Project
The landlords, landladies and tenants seem to be looking forward to the installation of the
prepaid meters/taps. A number of landlords, landladies and tenants were interviewed in
Manyani Area:
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The landlords/landladies emphasized that the prepaid meters will make it so much
easier to manage their taps as it will no longer be necessary to control consumption
and to pay/manage a (usually high) water bill. Access to safe water will cease to be
the responsibility of the landlord as every tenant can decide to register and obtain his
or her own token.
Tenants mentioned the fact that water (when not being rationed) will be available
24/7 and that they no longer depend on the landlord or on the capacity of other
tenants to pay their part of the water bill.
In this context it is important to note that landlords, in order to prevent being faced with a
high water bill, often restrict access to their yard tap. Some landlords actually tell their
tenants to go fetch at the nearest water kiosk or use the services of (informal) water
resellers. Others decide to sell water by the (20-litre) jerrycan. Such strategies are often used
by landlords and landladies to prevent water consumption on their plot to enter a higher
tariff bracket. Some plots get disconnected as the landlord/landlady is unable to make
his/her tenants pay the (additional) amount required to settle NAWASSCO’s bill. The prepaid
yard taps are expected to put an end to disconnections.
Completed Activities
Within the framework of the Prepaid Meters Pilot Project the following activities have
already been undertaken:
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The sites for the 15 pilot prepaid meters in Manyani Area have been identified and
the landladies, landlords and (most) tenants are aware of the project.
The areas for the up-scaling phase (80 additional prepaid meters) have been
identified (Runda, London, Free Area, Keratina, Kaptembwa).
Water will be sold by NAWASSCO at the prepaid yard tap/meter for a retail tariff of 1
KSh/20-litres.
All the prepaid meters, hand-held devices, computer software (etc.) have been
ordered from Elster-Kent in South Africa and have been delivered.
An additional 80 prepaid meters, handheld recharging devices and 6,000 tokens have
been ordered. These prepaid meters will be installed in the five (5) up-scaling project
areas
NAWASSCO has the computers available that meet the specifications required for the
installation of the prepaid meters management software.
The Project Task Team has been established.
NAWASSCO/SUWASA/WSTF/Nairobi Iron Mongers
Minutes of Meeting
May 2012
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The Project Task Team is composed of NAWASSCO staff, SUWASA, WSTF (staff and Field
Monitors), Nairobi Iron Mongers staff, the Public Health Officer, Chiefs, community leaders,
members of the Manyani Landlords Association.
Planned Activities
The following activities will be undertaken during the coming weeks (period May 15th – June 1st):
Project Management Related Activities
 Preparation of the adapted Prepaid Meters Project Work Plan. This was the main
activity of the Project Planning and Coordination Meeting (see Chapter 1) which was
held in Nakuru on the 8th of May. The adapted Pilot Project Work Plan is presented
in Appendix 1.
 Signing of the Memorandum of Understanding between NAWASSCO, SUWASA and
WSTF.
 Harmonization of the various budgets that are used to finance the project. This
activity requires the close cooperation between the WSTF, NAWASSCO and SUWASA.
The main objective of this exercise is to ensure the efficient and transparent use of
the available funds.
Preparing NAWASSCO for the Operation of the Prepaid Meters
 Addendums to the Job Descriptions will be prepared by the Project task Team for
staff members who are responsible for the inspection & maintenance of the system
(at all levels) and for the staff members of NAWASSCO who are selling water using
the Job descriptions can be used during the training.
 Nairobi Iron Mongers will install and test the computer software and provide training
for NAWASSCO staff and for recharging agents (for the time being the NAWASSCO
Meter Readers from the Zone Offices will be responsible for token recharging). The
NAWASSCO Staff Training Programme will consist of the following
elements/activities:
o Training on the installed computer software.
o Training on the hardware (i.e. the prepaid meters and the hand-held recharging
devices).
 NAWASSCO will create a technical team which is responsible for the maintenance
and repair of the prepaid meters system. This team will be trained by Nairobi Iron
Mongers.
 The training provided by Nairobi Irion Mongers will focus upon the head-held devices
but equally on the prepaid meters themselves. The Project Task Team should provide
additional training on customer care and the procedures that are specifically
developed by the project for NAWASSCO (e.g. how to apply for a prepaid yard tap or
for a token).
NAWASSCO/SUWASA/WSTF/Nairobi Iron Mongers
Minutes of Meeting
May 2012
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Note: It is important that all field staff members who are involved in the prepaid system are
closely supervised to prevent fraudulent behaviors and the emergency of by-passes and/or
illegal connections which can undermine the viability/sustainability of the prepaid system,
Customers, Tokens & Billing
 NAWASSCO will carry out a detailed inventory of all potential customers of the
prepaid system (i.e. all tenants and households of resident landlords/landladies).
As soon as a household registers as a new prepaid (token) customer, the Company
will ask the new customer to provide full personal and household details and to
present an ID. Subsequently a digital photo of the customer is taken which is kept in
the same digital file which becomes part of NAWASSCO’s customer database.
NAWASSCO has already developed a database register.
The Project Task Team will develop an easy and transparent procedure which
customers have to follow if they want to apply for (1) a prepaid yard tap or for (2) a
token.
Technical works
 All 15 pilot prepaid yard taps will be constructed and their prepaid meters installed
(see pictures 1 and 2). The architect of the WSTF, Edward Kungu, will make final
adaptations in the design of the fetching bay upon which the prepaid meter/tap is
placed.
 All existing water meters will be disconnected. The timing of this activity is important
as disconnections should not take place before the prepaid system is operational as
people need access to safe water. But either should the company allow for the coexistence of the two types of connections.
 The project can and should be commissioned immediately after the completion of
the technical works, the testing of the software component of the project and after
the successful completion of the training.
Picture 1: Fetching bay of the prepaid yard taps
NAWASSCO/SUWASA/WSTF/Nairobi Iron Mongers
Minutes of Meeting
May 2012
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Picture 2: The Elster-Kent prepaid meter
Sensitization & Education of Users
 Design and implementation of the community mobilization, sensitization & education
programme. SUWASA is currently working on the community outreach programme
which will be based on the programme developed for the experiences acquired in
Manyani. The programme will mainly target landlords/landladies and tenants. As an
initial step the Project Task Team will develop a set (3) of laminated posters (size A4)
that will be provided to all landlords/landladies and tenants who live within a yard
that has a prepaid yard tap. These posters will address the following issues:
o Poster 1: How to apply for a prepaid yard tap and how to obtain a token.
o Poster 2: How to use the prepaid yard tap and how to recharge the token.
o Poster 3: Customer care and complaints.
Role of the WSTF Field Monitors
The roles and responsibilities of the three (3) Field Monitors of the WSTF (a Social, Finance
and Engineering Field Monitor), who are all part of the Project Task Team, can be summed
up as follows:
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Assisting the WSP with the implementation of the WSTF-funded project.
(If required) capacity building of WSP staff.
Training (e.g. of kiosk- and public sanitation facility operators).
Monitoring of the project on behalf of the WSTF.
NAWASSCO/SUWASA/WSTF/Nairobi Iron Mongers
Minutes of Meeting
May 2012
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Reporting progress & challenges to the WSTF enabling the Fund to include the
innovations and solutions that were developed during the implementation and
operation of the projects it has funded in its toolkits and procedures.
Field Monitors are not responsible for the implementation and operation of the WSTFfunded projects. They provide support to a project which is owned by the Water Service
Provider.
4. The Community Sensitization and Education Programme
The community education programme should consist of the following elements/activities:
The Prepaid Meter Itself:
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How does the prepaid meter work?
How to use the prepaid yard tap?
Keeping the prepaid yard tap in tip-top condition.
Keeping the prepaid yard tap clean; a shared responsibility.
Why it is rather futile to vandalize the prepaid meters (no money or valuable
materials inside).
How the Company can identify by-passes by monitoring consumption (?)
How to report damage and poor- or non-functionality?
How to manage your prepaid yard tap (targeting landlords & landladies).
Customers should be discouraged to use small receptacles for fetching water as this leads to
increased wear and tear, decreased battery life and to more water wastage. Preferably users
should use a container with a minimum size of 10 liters.
The sensitization programme should also include explanations on the NAWASSCO rationing
programme.
5. Emphasis on Project Operation
It would be wrong to consider the Manyani Area Prepaid Meters Pilot Project a success as
soon as the prepaid system has been successfully commissioned or inaugurated. All project
participants in the meeting implicitly or explicitly emphasized the need for the introduction
of user-friendly and sustainable water supply systems. This implies that during the (postimplementation) operations phase of the project the following aspects and concerns are
sufficiently addressed and monitored:
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The technical condition of the prepaid meter/yard taps also in relation to the
maintenance and repair program of NAWASSCO.
The hygienic condition of the prepaid meter/yard tap.
NAWASSCO/SUWASA/WSTF/Nairobi Iron Mongers
Minutes of Meeting
May 2012
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Are landlords/landladies monopolizing tokens or do they have other reasons for and
means of restricting access?
Consumption levels (including an analysis of the periods during the day when
consumption levels are high or particularly low).
Are by-passes common?
Access to water credit. (Are the hand-held devices easy accessible to the owners and
users of tokens).
Are customer care and customer complaints procedures adapted to the needs and
wishes of the urban poor?
Challenges will be recorded in the Project Challenges Logbook (see also Chapter 8).
The Project Task Team will develop the necessary tools and procedures to carry out the
necessary operation monitoring activities.
Project Activities during the Project Operation Phase
The following activities will be undertaken during the project operation phase:
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Technical and software aftercare will be provided by Nairobi Iron Mongers.
The Project Task Team will assess the demand for additional (non-project) prepaid
meters/yard taps. The team will also assist the Company with the development of a
strategy and a set of procedures and other tools which enable NAWASSCO to take
advantage of the expected demand for prepaid meters.
The (social) marketing of prepaid meters/yard taps approach will be rooted in a
careful analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the prepaid system as well as
in the careful calculation of the total as well as the per capita investment costs of the
pilot project and of the up scaling phase in areas like London and Free Area.
6. Monitoring & Evaluation
The monitoring and evaluation phase of the Prepaid Meters Pilot Project in Nakuru will focus
upon the analysis of the commercial, social and technical viability of the prepaid meters
system. This analysis will be carried out by the entire Project Task Team. The lessons learnt
will be used to improve the approaches and tools that were developed and implemented
during the project or to develop new ones.
NAWASSCO/SUWASA/WSTF/Nairobi Iron Mongers
Minutes of Meeting
May 2012
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7. Key Objectives & Outputs of the Project
Objectives of the Project
With the Prepaid Meters Pilot Project in Nakuru NAWASSCO should achieve the following
objectives:
1. A public health and social objective: the urban poor have affordable access to safe
water.
2. A technical objective: the system is easy to maintain and therefore sustainable.
3. A commercial/financial objective: the system allows for the coverage of all operation
and maintenance and replacement costs.
4. An environmental objective: the system does not have a negative impact upon the
(micro) environment and water wastage is reduced.
5. A corporate image objective: NAWASSCO is being perceived by residents, customers
and the Sector as being innovative and as caring for the needs of all people residing
within its service area, including the urban poor.
6. A sector/regulatory objective: The project is in line with the sector reforms and
adheres to the standards, guidelines & regulations sets by the regulator, WASREB.
Key Outputs of the Project
If we call the project in Manyani Area the pilot phase of the overall project we can call the
phase during which prepaid meters are installed in a number of additional low income areas
in Nakuru the project up-scaling phase.
The key outputs of the Prepaid Meters Pilot Project in Nakuru are:
1. The successful construction, installation, commissioning and operation of 15 pilot
phase prepaid meters in Manyani Area and an additional 80 in 5 other low income
areas of Nakuru (up-scaling phase). With these prepaid yard taps the Company is able
to achieve the above-mentioned objectives in a number of (sub-) areas.
The up-scaling phase will start immediately after the commissioning of the pilot
phase in Manyani.
2. The development, during the project of the tools (procedures, training programmes,
posters, etc.) which can be used by NAWASSCO and by other WSPs who intend to
introduce or up-scale prepaid meters. This implies that the project ensures that all
lessons learnt (as recorded in the Project Challenges Logbook; see next chapter) are
translated in improved tools that will facilitate the preparation, implementation and
operation of future prepaid meters projects. All tools will be placed in WSTF’s Toolkit
for Urban Water Supply Projects. This toolkit is in the public domain. The project will
allow the WSTF to up-scale prepaid meters through its Call for Proposals.
The project (both the Manyani and the project up-scaling phase) will be complete in early
September (2012).
NAWASSCO/SUWASA/WSTF/Nairobi Iron Mongers
Minutes of Meeting
May 2012
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8. The Project Challenges Logbook
In order to ensure that during the up-scaling phase of the NAWASSCO project and the upscaling of prepaid meters/yard taps country-wide valuable lessons learnt are not lost, the
project will introduce a Project Challenges Logbook. This logbook should not only contain a
list of challenges but equally the solutions that were developed to overcome these
challenges. In other words, dealing with specific challenges may result in the development of
specific procedures, training activities, sensitization posters, technical designs, etc.
The WSTF proposes that the Technical Field Monitor of the WSTF establishes and updates
the logbook.
9. Sale and Recharging of Tokens
All token holders are regarded as customers of the WSP. Previously only the landlord was
considered to be a NAWASSCO customer.
NAWASSCO proposes a deposit of KSh 300 to be paid by each prepaid customer (token
holder). Of this amount KSh 100 would be water credit and KSH 200 a refundable deposit.
The NAWASSCO Meter readers
Currently NAWASSCO plans to have the hand-held recharging devices be kept at the Zone
Offices in the project areas. In other words, initially the Company itself will act as the
recharging agent. Staff members of NAWASSCO (preferably not Meter Readers as they
would be tempted to abuse the system) based at the Zone Offices will, therefore, be trained
to operate the hand-held recharging devices. The Meter Readers will be told that they will
have to move around in the project areas. The additional tasks the Meter Readers will be
given will be described and included in the addendum to their Job Description.
Integration with MPESA
The project will also consider the integration of the MPESA and other mobile payment
systems into the token recharging concept. In this context it is important to emphasize that
the WSP should not force its customers to adopt a specific payment system (e.g. the MPESA
mobile payment system) as this is likely to have serious legal implications.
10. Additional Demand for Prepaid Meters
Within the framework of the Prepaid Meters Project in Nakuru only a limited number of
prepaid meters/yard taps will be installed. It can be expected, however, that the pilot
project, especially if it is perceived as being successful by landlords/landladies, will trigger
the demand for additional prepaid meters. How should the Company address this demand?:
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NAWASSCO can submit a proposal for additional prepaid meters/yard taps WSTFfunded project as long as demand can be categorized as being pro-poor. This means
NAWASSCO/SUWASA/WSTF/Nairobi Iron Mongers
Minutes of Meeting
May 2012
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that the prepaid meters should be installed in yards where tenants with low incomes
reside.
NAWASSCO could apply for financing from Family Bank to purchase more meters,
handheld devices and tokens.
NAWASSCO could sell prepaid meters to its customers. Customers could pay the
required amount at once, in installments or the Company could have its customers
cover the installation costs by adding a fee to its monthly water bill.
11. Prepaid Yard Taps or Prepaid Communal Taps
In Manyani Area each prepaid meter has been installed within a yard. On average 20
households will use the prepaid mater/tap. According to MajiData the average household
size in the low income urban areas of Nakuru is 3.4 (source: MajiData). This means that the
15 prepaid meters will be used by on average 51 persons.
According to SUWASA approximately 65 households are required in order to achieve full cost
recovery. This means that more than plot - 2 to 3 plots - will have to have share the same
prepaid yard tap/meter. The introduction of communal prepaid meters (access is restricted
to token holders as the prepaid meter/tap is shared by a specific number of registered
households residing on 2 to 3 participating plots) faces the challenge of finding appropriate
(accessible) sites for the prepaid meters. All token holders should have easy (24/7) access to
the plot where the prepaid meter is located. which In this context it is important to mention
that many plots in Nakuru are fenced and have only one access gate.
During the pilot phase (in Manyani Area) the Project Task Team will assess the possibility to
make some of the prepaid meters accessible to the residents of more than one plot.
12. Per Capita Investment Costs
The investment costs at plot level (i.e. excluding the investment made in computer software,
training, hand-held recharging devices, etc.) can be summarized as follows (see Appendix 2
for more detailed analysis of costs) :
No.
1
2
3
Description
The cost of the fetching bay (materials and labour)
The cost of the prepaid meter (including its installation
Total:
Cost (in KSh)
6,275
66,000
72,275
The cost of a token which can be used by one household is approximately KSh 1,000.
Assuming a population per plot of 51 persons this amounts to a total per capita investment
cost of KSh 1,417. This amount is more or less similar to the per capita investment costs of
water kiosk-based water supply schemes.
NAWASSCO/SUWASA/WSTF/Nairobi Iron Mongers
Minutes of Meeting
May 2012
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13. Involving the Regulator (WASREB)
From Traditional to Prepaid Meters: Creation of New Customers
The introduction of prepaid meters in yards where a number of tenants (and resident
landlords/landladies) share such facilities as a yard tap, toilets and showers or tenants has
significant implications for both the WWSP and the tenants. Whereas in case of a “normal”
post-paid meter-based system there is only one customer – in most cases the landlord or
landlady – the transition to a prepaid meter system effectively means that every token
holders becomes a customer. This means that tariffs can be adapted to the needs and
abilities of this new type of customer. Using a traditional meter in most cases makes the
landlord responsible for paying the bill and, therefore, managing consumption. Especially if a
WSP has a social tariff, a landlord/landlady often feels that he/she has to restrict access to
the yard taps or use other means to limit consumption. If the quantity consumed exceeds
the social bracket the tenants often face problems paying their part of the bill.
The question is whether the introduction of prepaid meters is compatible with the human
right to water. After all, why should a WSP make its poorer customers prepay their water,
whereas customers, those who can afford a domestic connection, are given the opportunity
to post-pay? In this context it is important to list the advantages and dis-advantages of prepaid meters/yard taps also vis-à-vis the traditional metered yard tap.
Disadvantages of prepaid yard taps
The main disadvantages of the prepaid meters can be summed up as follows:
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Water fetched has to be prepaid.
Even if a tenant has no money available water can be fetched.
There is no need for tenants to visit offices or shops (recharging agents) to recharge
their token.
It is technically difficult to link the prepaid yard taps to a shower of flushing toilet.
Customers may attempt to create by-passes in order to get access to (the prepaid
system, however, allows for the monitoring of consumption levels and, therefore, the
detection of irregularities).
The system is more fragile in the sense that airflows affect the functionality and
reliability of the system.
Landlords may attempt to control the number of tokens within their own yard.
Advantages of prepaid yard taps
The main advantages of the prepaid meters can be summed up as follows:
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Water is always accessible (if the WSP is supplying 24/7).
The tenants has his or her own token and is therefore, not dependent on the
landlord/landlady.
NAWASSCO/SUWASA/WSTF/Nairobi Iron Mongers
Minutes of Meeting
May 2012
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Landlords/landladies may attempt to charge more for safe water than the approved
tariff. The prepaid yard tap provides unrestricted access.
The WSP can ensure that token holders fetch water for the approved tariff.
Since tenants have to pay (themselves) for every drop they fetch water wastage is
likely to be minimal.
Collection efficiency is 100%.
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14. Creating a Strong Presence in the Low income Areas
Access to safe water, according to the new Constitution is a human right. This means that
WSPs have the obligation to serve all people living within their service area, including the
urban poor. Ensuring the water supply schemes and system that serve low income areas are
sustainable requires establishing a strong and lasting presence in these areas.
The WSP should aim to provide technical maintenance and repair but also customer care
services. Having a continuous presence in the low income areas, which means that specific
staff members are responsible for the delivery of well described services in a specific area,
has the following advantages?
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Routine inspections and maintenance of the network and connections can prevent
water wastage and the emergency or proliferation of illegal connections.
Tailor-made customer care services can be provided to low income residents.
Tailor made (social) marketing programmes can reach the target population.
Rendering the prepaid yard taps more accessible by making it easier for customers
to recharge the tokens.
15. Next Meeting
The WSTF proposes that the next NAWASSCO/SUWASA/WSTF/Nairobi Iron Mongers
meeting takes place around the 7th of June (2012). This meeting will be organized by
NAWASSCO and take place in Nakuru. Your suggestions are welcome.
Appendix 1: Prepaid Meters Project Work Plan
Appendix 2: Financial Projections on Cost Recovery
NAWASSCO/SUWASA/WSTF/Nairobi Iron Mongers
Minutes of Meeting
May 2012