sankhya-abc.docx (rev. 2013 May 26) Preface This is the current revision and development of our efforts to satisfy the request that we write our understanding of the Sankhya of Kapiladeva in the 3rd canto of the BBT Srimad Bhagavatam. It is designed to create a bridge for working people to pass from American Science to Vedic Science, Philosophy of Nature. It would be nice if we could do such things as a result as turn all the U-238 in the world into lead by Mantra and go back home, back to Godhead. Contents I-Articles-cubed ............................................................................................... 2 II-Filosofy of Nature – Sankhya .................................................................. 5 III-Sankhya and Science ............................................................................... 8 IV-Ecstacy........................................................................................................ 10 IV-Bhagavat Curriculum ................................................................................ 12 V-Best Technique ............................................................................................ 14 1 I-Articles-squared Hello, my name is Jack and I like to quack. We dance the Bourbons plain. We’re mendicants, No castles lance, N’er ere we hope to reign. We’re destined, ‘proved, Articles - Poems to scribe, And then we will be gone. AND NOW, THIS IS Buck White, Librarian to the Anjana Suta Academy. The previous words were produced by one Tom Brown, also known as Monkey, also of the Academy, and honestly speaking we are known as Piggy. It is a simple fact that we have been approved to write articles and poetry for Krsna, so I guess we should get about the business. This is 2 our first article and it really seems that we should start with an article about writing articles. This is as much, if not much more, for our benefit than yours. We don’t know how to write. We are trying to follow the example of successful writers like Zane Grey and Agatha Christie. We are writing for people who probably have a university education. You will see that we are writing more to change your perspective than to communicate information, although this is important too. I guess this is poetry as much as prose. We hope to right absorbed in the association of writers. We have been instructed to write articles and poetry in contrast to novels or books because we are notorious as Wandering Miscreants. Our Sannyasa, or Wandering Monk, Karma is so strong that it has been repeatedly noted by excellent Vrajavasi palmists et al. So, we need to write articles, things that can basically be done at one sitting and then get them off to our Publisher as soon as possible. We can keep a few things from them in our pockets as we travel for the sake of keeping continuity between articles , but in general, travel means to pack light and live off the land. We pack the Nectar of Instruction of Prabhupada. We hang it around our neck. That’s enough, no? Always take the Holy Names and get good intuition, read the NOI, and then write rather related articles for our publisher. PIGGY’S PARTING PEARLS OUR MISSION IS to help Lord Caitanya in His mission of giving the science of Krsna to everyone. Albert Camus said that unless you rewrite six times you are a coward. Of course, the best way to learn how to write articles is to write articles. So we will introduce our realizations as we progress. 3 Hanuman didn’t spend a long time thinking what dangers he would find on the other side of the ocean, he just said, “Jaya Rama!” and jumped. MONKEY AGAIN Articles and poems will splash from our pen, So we can do good in the world of men. 4 II-Filosofy of Nature – Sankhya The first thing we have been asked to write is an explanation of Sankhya, Bhagavata Philosophy of Nature. Science is our AmericanEuropean philosophy of nature. The Bhagavad-gita and the Srimad Bhagavatam both present this but he Srimad Bhagavatam is just like 30-times more detailed. For example, at present we are using a dictaphone. The materialist who invented this machine intended it for businessmen or writers of mundane subject matters. He certainly never thought of using the dictaphone in God's service, but we are using this dictaphone to write Kṛṣṇa conscious literature. Of course, the manufacture of the dictaphone is wholly within the energy of Kṛṣṇa. All the parts of the instrument, including the electronic functions, are made from different combinations and interactions of the five basic types of material energy — namely, bhūmi, jala, agni, vāyu and ākāśa. The inventor used his brain to make this complicated machine, and his brain, as well as the ingredients, were supplied by Kṛṣṇa. According to the statement of Kṛṣṇa , mat-sthāni sarva-bhūtāni: "Everything is depending on My energy." Thus the devotee can understand that since nothing is independent of Kṛṣṇa's energy, everything should be dovetailed in His service. NOI-3 (Purport) This leads us to (and it is profitable to investigate all the references cited in the NOI) Bhagavad-gita 7.4 bhūmir āpo 'nalo vāyuḥ khaḿ mano buddhir eva ca ahańkāra itīyaḿ me bhinnā prakṛtir aṣṭadhā SYNONYMS bhūmiḥ — earth; āpaḥ — water; analaḥ — fire; vāyuḥ — air; kham — ether; manaḥ — mind; buddhiḥ — intelligence; eva — certainly; ca — and; ahańkāraḥ — false ego; iti — thus; iyam — all these; me — My; bhinnā — separated; prakṛtiḥ — energies; aṣṭadhā — eightfold. TRANSLATION Earth, water, fire, air, ether, mind, intelligence and false ego — all together these eight constitute My separated material energies. PURPORT The science of God analyzes the constitutional position of God and His diverse energies. Material nature is called prakṛti, or the energy of the Lord in His different puruṣa incarnations (expansions) as described in the Sātvata-tantra: 5 viṣṇos tu trīṇi rūpāṇi puruṣākhyāny atho viduḥ ekaḿ tu mahataḥ sraṣṭṛ dvitīyaḿ tv aṇḍa-saḿsthitam tṛtīyaḿ sarva-bhūta-sthaḿ tāni jñātvā vimucyate "For material creation, Lord Kṛṣṇa's plenary expansion assumes three Viṣṇus. The first one, Mahā-Viṣṇu, creates the total material energy, known as the mahat-tattva. The second, Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu, enters into all the universes to create diversities in each of them. The third, Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu, is diffused as the all-pervading Supersoul in all the universes and is known as Paramātmā. He is present even within the atoms. Anyone who knows these three Viṣṇus can be liberated from material entanglement." This material world is a temporary manifestation of one of the energies of the Lord. All the activities of the material world are directed by these three Viṣṇu expansions of Lord Kṛṣṇa. These puruṣas are called incarnations. Generally one who does not know the science of God (Kṛṣṇa) assumes that this material world is for the enjoyment of the living entities and that the living entities are the puruṣas — the causes, controllers and enjoyers of the material energy. According to Bhagavad-gītā this atheistic conclusion is false. In the verse under discussion it is stated that Kṛṣṇa is the original cause of the material manifestation. Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam also confirms this. The ingredients of the material manifestation are separated energies of the Lord. Even the brahmajyoti, which is the ultimate goal of the impersonalists, is a spiritual energy manifested in the spiritual sky. There are no spiritual diversities in the brahmajyoti as there are in the Vaikuṇṭhalokas, and the impersonalist accepts this brahmajyoti as the ultimate eternal goal. The Paramātmā manifestation is also a temporary all-pervasive aspect of the Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu. The Paramātmā manifestation is not eternal in the spiritual world. Therefore the factual Absolute Truth is the Supreme Personality of Godhead Kṛṣṇa. He is the complete energetic person, and He possesses different separated and internal energies. In the material energy, the principal manifestations are eight, as above mentioned. Out of these, the first five manifestations, namely earth, water, fire, air and sky, are called the five gigantic creations or the gross creations, within which the five sense objects are included. They are the manifestations of physical sound, touch, form, taste and smell. Material science comprises these ten items and nothing more. But the other three items, namely mind, intelligence and false ego, are neglected by the materialists. Philosophers who deal with mental activities are also not perfect in knowledge because they do not know the ultimate source, Kṛṣṇa. The false ego — "I am," and "It is mine, which constitute the basic principle of material existence — includes ten sense organs for material activities. Intelligence refers to the total material creation, called the mahat-tattva. Therefore from the eight separated energies of the Lord are manifest the twenty-four elements of the material world, which are the subject matter of Sāńkhya 6 atheistic philosophy; they are originally offshoots from Kṛṣṇa's energies and are separated from Him, but atheistic Sāńkhya philosophers with a poor fund of knowledge do not know Kṛṣṇa as the cause of all causes. The subject matter for discussion in the Sāńkhya philosophy is only the manifestation of the external energy of Kṛṣṇa, as it is described in the Bhagavad-gītā. (BBT, Bhagavad-gita As It Is, all rights reserved) So, we will have to write about the difference between Devahutiputra Kapila Deva in the Bhagavatam and Anisvara Kapila who is well known by modern Indologists. First let us see how the Sankhya of Lord Kapila in the SB can be adjudicated to modern science. 7 III-Sankhya and Science Some people believe that Science will tell us the truth in a reliable way. Some also believe that there is God and that He is even more reliable. A problem comes in the West for them in bridging the gap between Scientific knowledge of gross matter and esoteric knowledge of God. Besides other things Bhagavata Sankhya accomplishes this. First it divides gross mater into five categories as described above: That which we can hear, that which we can feel, that which we can see, taste and smell. Pretty scientific, empirical. Then it describes three subtle, psychological elements that it also takes as material. The self, atma, is an element that dresses itself with different complexes of thoughts and attitudes, and then different gross bodies from different species of life. Of course this is a big topic and also not easy for us gross barbaric Westerners. The adjudication between the two systems can best be made to our experience by reading the works of E. T. Hall who was a esteemed cultural anthropologist absorbed in cross cultural studies of time and space and more. Of course, what is Science but an attempt to understand time and space and so forth. Furthermore, combined with the Tavistock Lectures by Carl Jung these give any sincere Westerner a full avenue into understanding that the gross world of modern science is based upon subtler aspects of gross matter, touch and sound, and then the psychological world. Carl Jung: You think that these ancient Chinese and Indian sages were fools, but they weren’t the fools, we are the fools, they were vastly intelligent. They understood things that we are just beginning to understand. If that is the case then why did they disappear? Because they were eliminated by fundamental errors in the application of a science even subtler than physics or psychology, theology. They ceased for various natural reasons to be theodoros, lovers of God and that changed their perspective and the gross world of atomic bombs, birth control pills 8 and dialysis shifted into the forefront. You don’t need Quantum Mechanics to build a Boeing 747, but you do need Theology to understand why to build it. Read Hall and Jung. Realize how different cultures are seeing a different movie while sitting next to each other in the same cinema. 9 IV-Ecstacy The conclusion of all this mumble-jumbo is ecstasy. Yeah, you can know science, you can know nature, from the Vedas or Von Braun, but it’s all useless because the soul wants ECSTACY! We meet so many big scientists, Nobel Laureates, theologians who drink - whiskey on the rocks or wine. They’re not satisfied. Lord Kapila describes this aspect of Sankhya to his student, His mother, in the Srimad Bhagavatam. SB 3.28.34: By following this course, the yogī gradually develops pure love for the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Hari. In the course of his progress in devotional service, the hairs on his body stand erect through excessive joy, and he is constantly bathed in a stream of tears occasioned by intense love. Gradually, even the mind, which he used as a means to attract the Lord, as one attracts a fish to a hook, withdraws from material activity. SB 3.28.35: When the mind is thus completely freed from all material contamination and detached from material objectives, it is just like the flame of a lamp. At that time the mind is actually dovetailed with that of the Supreme Lord and is experienced as one with Him because it is freed from the interactive flow of the material qualities. SB 3.28.36: Thus situated in the highest transcendental stage, the mind ceases from all material reaction and becomes situated in its own glory, transcendental to all material 10 conceptions of happiness and distress. At that time the yogī realizes the truth of his relationship with the Supreme Personality of Godhead. He discovers that pleasure and pain as well as their interactions, which he attributed to his own self, are actually due to the false ego, which is a product of ignorance. Of course, this is not an artificial stage. In the beginning we do science because we want freedom from distress: Cold, hunger, attack from mosquitos, enemies. Yet in Ken Wilbur’s Quantum Questions he gives numerous personal citations from the greatest scientists and directly Einstein as representative comments that ultimately one does science, undergoes the great, hour-long austerities of science, for those moments when the beauty and harmony of nature reveals itself. Sir Isaac Newton commented that he never took time off from Theology to study Science, rather his investigations of mechanics, optics, gravity between the ages of 18-22 years old were based upon the premise that there are two books for understanding God: the Bible and Nature, where God is writing with His own hand. Personally we have developed some ability to stay on this ecstatic platform after 40-years of being a student of His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. We feel that the reader could probably make a lot faster progress and then give us a little help also. Of course, once you have that taste you can only indulge in a lot of arithmetic, calculus, grammar, rhetoric when it has that element of ecstasy to it. That’s natural, that’s healthy, that’s human life. 11 IV-Bhagavat Curriculum Sankhya is introduced in the Bhagavad-gita. We cited BG 7.4 above which is maybe the most condensed verse, but the Srimad Bhagavatam goes into more advanced knowledge. It also gives basis for Rupa Goswami’s Bhakti-rasamrta sindhu which very analytically describes the ecstatic position experienced by all genuine saints and yogis. As far as we understand these are called beautific states of consciousness in Catolic church and Bhava in Sri Rupa’s terminology. That’s a different book. In the Bhagavata there is a little bit in the first canto then a lot in the last six chapters of the Second Canto. In the Third it is repeated in the discussions between Maitreya and Vidura. Then the best description is by Kapila Deva to His mother in the end of the Third Canto. Let us first describe Buddhi. Do you remember the hierarchy top down? False Ego Sub-conscience Mind Space Texture Color Taste Fragrance We remember a poem by William Blake titled, “When Fallen Souls Take to Burning Light”. Let’s look for it. The soul descends into the material world being covered by a False Ego, “I am independent of God! I am independent of Mommy and Daddy”. Then that False Ego differentiates as Sub-conscious mind etc as we want to get into more and more gross bodies, species. Let’s look at Buddhi, Sub-conscious, Intellect first. Carl Jung [ttd] 12 Jung and many psychologists have a good handle on this. That’s why they are psychologists. The world we see, computer, table, wall is produced by the sub-conscious mind integrating data from the senses and producing a picture of the world we see. We can write for weeks on this stuff. We’ll just take it a little at a time and expect that most of it you will get in terms of your needs from actually applying what we describe. The intelligence is like the program and data files and the operating system. The mind is like the CPU – Buddhi and Manas in Sanskrit. “Advancement in Kṛṣṇa consciousness depends on the attitude of the follower”- Preface to Prabhupada’s Nectar of Instruction When the airplane lands it has to have the right “attitude” toward the runway. These are pitch, roll and yawl. The nose can’t be too high. The starboard wing can’t be higher than the port side wing. The airplane can’t be coming down sideways. This is attitude. What is your attitude toward life: 1. I am the supreme enjoyer. I am rich. All beautiful wimmen are for my enjoyment. 2. I am a servant. Just because I am occupying space in this world I have a debt to everyone I meet. On the basis of that attitude we then think, calculate, evaluate and will. I will steal the cake. Buddhi intelligence, perspective,is in the heart. Manas, thinking is in the head. Indriya sense activity and perception are in the senses. This is the Mode of Goodness, Passion and Ignorance. They are prominent respectively from 2-10AM, 10AM-6PM, 6PM-2AM. You can see, the Happy Hour for the fools starts at 6PM or so when their club opens up and alcohol is half-price. 13 If you get up at 2AM and use meditation and contemplation you can build the attitude you want. Then when the sun comes up and it is time to make money you will know why to make money. It’s a little clearer? Thoughts, dreams, plans (all the same things) are in our body of knowledge. As you are reading in Jung these are subconscious or in our conscious at different times. The world we industrialized Dudes see is constructed by the sub-conscious. You are getting that from Jung and E. T. Hall both. What do you “see”, saxophone player or a beautiful woman? Look at the right-hand silhouette. V-Best Technique 14