EVOLUTION AND NATURAL SELECTION NOTETAKERS
Evolution
• Means “__________________________________________________”
• This process refers to why the plants and animals of today are __________________
than the ones from the past.
• The difference came from in a change in the ________________ _______________
(DNA) of an organism and is passed from one ________________________ to the next
Early
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•
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Ideas of Evolution
Jean Baptiste de Lamark
1st to propose that the fossil records showed that ___________ had changed over time.
His idea of evolution was based on the idea that an individual could acquire new
______________during their _____________ and pass those traits to their offspring.
Later Ideas of Evolution
 Charles Darwin
 British naturalist who traveled the world aboard the H.M.S. _______________ studying
rocks, fossils, plants, and animals.
 Species evolve through the process of _________________ ________________.
 Darwin’s observations and conclusions are now part of the modern Theory of
__________________.
 Published his ideas in the book “On the Origin of ____________________”
Darwin’s Observations
 His most famous observations came from the ______________________ Islands.
 Each species seemed to be ____________________ to its specific environment.
 Tortoises with ________________ necks lived in damp areas with food on the ground
 Tortoises with __________________ necks lived in dry areas with cacti
 The finches of the islands had a variety of beak _______________ and ____________
 Each beak was specific to the type of _________________ the finch ate, which
depended on the food _____________________ to them on their section of the islands
Natural Selection
 Members of a species that are ______________ ______________ for their
environment survive and ___________________ at a higher rate than other members
of the species.
 Often called “________________ of the ________________”
BrainPOP “Charles Darwin”
Explain It:
1. Darwin came to believe that the species on the Galapagos Islands evolved from a
__________________ __________________.
2. (Look for this scene in the video.)Why is the bird on the right of the tree more likely
to pass on its genes than the bird on the left of the tree?
3. What did Darwin say about apes and humans?
Four parts of Natural Selection
 Overproduction
 When a plant or animal reproduces it usually makes _______________ offspring
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than an environment can support.
Variation
 Within a species there are natural differences, or _________________ in traits.
 These variations are caused my _______________ in the genetic material (DNA)
 These variations are __________________ by offspring from their parent(s).
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Adaptation
 Sometimes a mutation is ________________ (helps the organism survive better)
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Selection
 Individuals with beneficial adaptations are more likely to survive long enough to
_____________________ and pass on those traits.
 Over time, the species ________________ as the trait becomes more
__________________ with each passing generation.
Speciation
• The evolution of a new _________________ from an existing species.
• Occurs when the organism’s _____________________ changes.
• Can be caused by Isolation
– Members of a species get _____________ and cannot reproduce with one another
– Each population develops ________________ genetic differences.
Quick Check
1. The process that refers to a species changing over time is called ____.
A. Overpopulation B. natural Selection C. evolution D.speciation
2. Which describes Lamarck’s explanation for changes in the fossil record?
A. Species best suited to their environments survive better than other.
B. Variation within a species can be passed on to offspring.
C. Acquired traits are passed on from one generation to the next.
D. Individual giraffes adapted to their environment.
3. The process of ___ states that a species that is best suited to their environment will
survive longer and reproduce at a higher rate than other members.
A. Overpopulation B. natural Selection C. evolution D. speciation
4. Variations or natural differences within a species is caused by ____ in the genetic
material.
A. Mutations B. selections C. evolutions D. speciation
5. ____ occurs when a species is separated and each groups develops unique genetic
differences.
A. Overpopulation B. Natural Selection C. Evolution D. speciation