Mark Keppel High School English Academic Vocabulary
PLOT
Cause and effect
A cause is an event that makes something happens, and an effect is a result of that event. To recognize
cause and effect, ask yourself, “What happened in this passage? Why did this event come about?”
Character
A character is a person or animal who takes part in the action of literary work.
Climax
The turning point or highest point in a story, novel or play.
Conflict
A struggle between opposing characters or between opposing forces.
Denouement
A final resolution in which a general insight or change is conveyed.
External conflict
A character struggles against an outside force such as another person, society, or nature.
Event
An action or reaction that advances plot.
Falling Action
The events which follow the climax.
Exposition
The part of a work that introduces the characters, the setting, and the basic situation.
Flashback
A break in the sequence of a story that flashes backward and shows a scene from the past.
Foreshadowing
When the author provides the reader with hints about what may happen in the future.
Internal conflict
Conflict that takes place within a character’s own self, usually concerning a moral dilemma in which the
character must make a decision.
Plot
A sequence of events that occurs in a story.
Rising action
All the events leading up to the climax.
Sequence
The order in which things happen.
SETTING
Setting
The time and place of a story.
Place
Place may involve not only the geographical place- a region, state, or town- but also the social, economic,
or cultural environment.
Time
Time can include not only the historical period past, present, and future, but also a specific year, season,
or time of day.
CHARACTER
Antagonist
A character or force in conflict with a main character, or protagonist.
Character motives (motivation)
The reason why a character acts, thinks, or feels a certain way.
Character traits
Aspects of a character’s personality that are permanent and consistent, unlike feelings and emotions.
Characterization
The techniques a writer uses to create and develop characters. See direct and indirect characterization.
Dialogue
A conversation between characters used to reveal character traits and to advance action.
Direct characterization
The author directly states a character’s traits or describes the character physically. For example, an author
might state the character “has the manners of an irritating housefly”.
Dynamic characters
Characters that develop and grow throughout the course of a story.
Epiphany
A moment of sudden understanding; enlightenment.
Flat characters
Characters who are simple and one dimensional.
Indirect characterization
Reveals personality through the character’s looks, words, and actions as well as other character’s
comments.
Main characters
The character about whom a story or drama is focused and around whom the plot revolves.
Minor characters
Characters that interact with the main character and help move the story along.
Narrator
A narrator is a speaker or character who tells a story.
Protagonist
The main character of a literary work.
Round characters
Characters who are complex and three dimensional.
Static characters
Characters who remain the same throughout the story.
Stock characters
Characters who fit our preconceived notions about a specific type.
NARRATOR’S POINT OF VIEW
First-person point of view
When a character in the story tells the story in his or her own words.
Omniscient third-person point of view
When a voice outside the story narrates. This all-knowing third person narrator can tell readers what any
character thinks and feels.
Limited third-person point of view
Narrator who sees the world through one character’s eyes and reveals only that character’s thoughts.
AUTHOR’S PURPOSE
Archetype
An original model or type after which other similar things are patterned, a prototype.
Author’s purpose
The intent of the author when writing a piece of literature.
Bandwagon
A current or fashionable trend; a popular party, faction, or cause that attracts growing support.
Conceit
An elaborate figure of speech comparing two very dissimilar things.
Contradiction
Ideas or statements that oppose each other.
Credible information/fact
Information that is believable, reliable, and worthy of confidence.
Entertain
When the author’s purpose is to amuse.
Express an opinion
When the author’s purpose is to influence or convince.
Generalization
A broad, sweeping statement.
Inform
When the author’s purpose is to tell about something or give information.
Intent
Having the mind or will concentrated on something.
Irony
An intentional contrast between what is expected and what occurs.
Parody
A humorous imitation of another work or type of work.
Persuade
When the author’s purpose is to influence or convince.
MOOD/TONE/THEME
Descriptive words
Words that express quality, kind, or condition.
Details
Small elements that collectively make up a work.
Dialect
The form of a language to create vivid word pictures that appeal to the senses.
Imagery
The use of descriptive language to create a vivid word pictures that appeal to the senses.
Irony
An intentional contrast between what is expected and what occurs.
Mood
The atmosphere or feeling the writer creates for the reader.
Theme
The controlling/main idea of a work of literature. Usually a general statement about life.
Tone
A writer’s attitude toward his or her subject.
Word Choice
Specific words an author uses to convey mood or tone.
GENRE
Allegory
A story in which the characters represent general qualities, or symbolize abstract ideas or principles.
Autobiography/ autobiographical narrative
A narrative or story based on an event in the author’s life.
Ballad
A specific type of narrative poem based on the ancient custom of telling stories in songs; uses repetition,
and elaborate language.
Biography/ biographical narrative
A narrative or story based on an event in a real person’s life.
Comedy
Literary works that end happily.
Concrete poem
A poem whose words are arranged on the page to make a shape that suggests the topic of the poem.
Descriptive essay/writing
A descriptive essay that seeks to convey an impression about a person, place, or object.
Dramatic literature/ drama
Literature that is acted out or performed; theater.
Elegy
A solemn and formal lyric poem about death.
Epic
A long narrative poem about the deeds of gods or heroes in war or travel.
Epigram
A brief statement in prose or verse. An essay may be written in epigrammatic style.
Essay
A short nonfiction work about a particular subject.
Expository Essay
An essay that gives information, discusses ideas, or explains a process.
Fable
A type of folktale that teaches a lesson.
Functional document
A document that fives how-to information.
Haiku
A short poem with a distinct structure that originated in Japan. Line 1 has 5 syllables; line 2 has 7
syllables; line 3 has 5 syllables.
Journal/ diary
A daily account of what has happened.
Letter
A written message from one person to another.
Lyric poem
Musical verse that expresses personal thoughts and feelings.
Myth
A fictional tale, originally with religious significance, that explains the actions of gods and heroes, the
causes of natural phenomena, or both.
Narrative essay
A narrative essay tells a true story.
Narrative poetry
A narrative poem tells a true story.
Nonfiction
Writing that deals with real people and events.
Novel
An extended work of fiction that often has a complicated plot, many major and minor characters, a
unifying theme, and several settings.
Ode
A single, unified strain of exalted verse with a single purpose and dealing with a single theme.
Oral histories
The stories and histories kept alive by the spoken word rather than the written word.
Parable
A short, simple story from which a moral or religious lesson can be drawn.
Persuasive essay
A persuasive essay tries to convince readers to do something or to accept the writer’s point of view.
Response to literature
Demonstrates understanding and insight into a work of literature.
Satire
Writing that ridicules or holds up to contempt the faults of individuals or groups.
Sonnet
A poem that follows a specified rhyme theme. All sonnets have 14 lines and are in iambic pentameter.
Tragedy
Literary works that end unhappily.
Work place documents
Documents that provide information to employees.
LITERARY DEVICES
Alliteration
The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words.
Allusion
A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work. or work of art.
Analogy
A comparison that points out a resemblance between two seemingly dissimilar things.
Assonance
The repetition of vowel sounds other than in rhyme.
Consonance
The repetition of final consonant sounds in stressed syllables containing dissimilar vowel sounds.
Couplet
Two successive rhyming lines.
Connotation
The implied or personal definition of a word. Example: That is a bad looking cat with those sweet chrome
wheels.
Denotation
The dictionary definition of a word.
Epithet
An inscription written on a tomb of a burial place.
Euphemism
The use of a word or phrase that is less expressive or direct but considered less distasteful, less offensive.
Figurative language
Language that is not meant to be taken literally.
Hyperbole
Exaggeration for the sake of emphasis.
Imagery
The use of descriptive language to create vivid word pictures that appeal to the senses.
Irony
An intentional contrast between what is expected and what occurs.
Literary devices
Any one of a variety of tools a writer may use to achieve the tone or communicate the purpose or theme
intended.
Metaphor
A comparison between basically dissimilar things that does not use the words as, like, than, or resembles.
Metonymy
A figure of speech that substitutes something closely related for the thing actually meant.
Onomatopoeia
The use of words that imitate sounds.
Oxymoron
A figure of speech that fuses two contradictory ideas.
Paradox
A statement that seems to be contradictory but that actually represents a truth.
Parallelism
Parallel structure- when a piece of writing has the same grammatical pattern. Parallel example: I enjoy
skiing, boating, and hiking. Non-parallel example- I enjoy skiing, boating, and I like to hike.
Personification
Giving human qualities to inhuman things such as animals or objects.
Red herring
A distracter that draws attention away from the real issue.
Repetition
Using the same sounds, word, or phrase more than once.
Rhetorical question
A question not made to answer but to inspire thought- provoking discussion and analysis.
Simile
A comparison between two basically dissimilar things that uses the word like, as, than, or resembles.
Symbol
Objects, persons, or ideas that stand for something beyond themselves.
LITERARY CRITICISM
Clarify
A method of identifying an author’s purpose by simplifying and making clear.
Monitor
A method of identifying an author’s purpose by checking or observing.
Evaluate
A method of identifying an author’s purpose by measuring, judging, or assessing.
Aesthetic approach
A means of analyzing or evaluating literature that focuses on the stylistic elements of the piece.
Ambiguity
Uncertain interpretation; lack of precise, definite meeting.
Analyze/analysis
A method of identifying an author’s purpose by breaking the subject into parts and explaining the various
parts.
Biographical approach
A means of analyzing or evaluating literature that focuses on the life of the author.
Diction
An author’s careful choice of words to create a desired effect.
Historical approach
A means of analyzing or evaluating literature based on the time in which it is set or the environment in
which it was written.
Historical investigation
The techniques used by historians to reconstruct and interpret the past.
Incongruity
Elements or details that defy conventional reason or do not agree.
Infer/Inference
To make a judgment based on reasoning rather than on direct statement.
Literal Meaning
The use of words in their strict meanings.
Literary Analysis
The study of a literary work by a critic, student, or scholar; a careful, detailed reading and report thereof.
Literary criticism
The analysis and judgment of a work of fiction.
Main idea
The central idea throughout a passage.
Mood
The atmosphere or feeling the writer creates for the reader,
Theme
The controlling/main idea of a work of literature. Usually a general statement about life.
Tone
A writer’s attitude toward his or her project.
Voice
A writer’s unique way of speaking, writing, and sounding.
DRAMA
Act
One part of a larger work, sometimes divided into scenes. Several acts make up a drama.
Aside
A line of dialogue or a speech in which the character addresses the audience, rather than the other
characters in the play. An aside can also take place when two characters converse without the other
characters on stage hearing.
Dialogue
The words the actors say.
Monologue
A speech by one character in a play, story, or poem.
Props
An article or object used in a play or motion picture. A prop can be an ordinary item but can also take on
greater significance by its relationship to the characters.
Scene
The smaller unit of an act of a play.
Soliloquy
A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage.
Stage directions
The author’s comments on how and where the action of a play takes place.
Dramatic irony
In dramatic irony, a contradiction exists between what a character thinks and what the audience knows to
be true.
Situational irony
In irony of situation, an event occurs that directly contradicts the expectations of the characters, the
reader, or the audience.
Verbal irony
In verbal irony, words are used to suggest the opposite of what is meant.
POETRY
Poetic purpose
The intention of a poem. An ode, an elegy, and an epic, are written to achieve different poetic purposes.
Stanza
A group of lines that are meant to be read as a unit.
Couplet
A pair of rhyming lines.
Free verse
Poetry that has no regular patterns.
Speaker
The person “saying” the poem, it can be the poet or an imaginary character created by the poet.
Sound devices
Elements such as rhyme, rhythm, alliteration, and onomatopoeia that give poetry a musical quality.
Rhyme
Using the same vowel sound and consonant sound at the end of two words.
Rhythm
Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.
Blank verse
Unrhymed poetry usually written in iambic pentameter.
Rhythm scheme
A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem or stanza.
Poetic devices
See literary devices.
AMERICAN LITERATURE TERMS
Archetypal literary element
Patterns in literature founds across the world. For instance, the occurrence of events in threes is an
archetypal element of fairy tales.
Classicism
An approach to the literature and the other arts that stresses reason, balance, clarity, ideal beauty, and
orderly form in imitation of the arts of ancient Greece and Rome. This is often contrasted with
romanticism.
Gothic
The use of primitive medieval, wild, or mysterious elements in literature. Gothic novels feature
places like mysterious and gloomy castles, where horrifying, supernatural events take place.
Grotesque characters
characters who have become ludicrous or bizarre through their obsession with an idea or value,
or as a result of an emotional problem.
Idyll
A poem or part of a poem that describes and idealizes country life.
Harlem renaissance
Occurring during the 1920’s, was a time of African American artistic creativity centered in
Harlem, in New York City.
Imagism
Flourishing between 1912 and 1927. these poems that used ordinary language and free verse
to create sharp, exact, concentrated pictures.
Journal
A daily autobiographical account of events and personal reactions.
Legend
A traditional story that often deals with a particular person- a hero, a saint, or a national leader.
Letters
A written message or communication addressed to a reader and is generally
sent by mail. Letters may be private or public, depending on the intended audience.
Local color
The use of characters and details unique to a particular geographic area. Local color can be
created by the use of dialect and by descriptions of customs, clothing, manners, attitudes,
scenery, and landscape.
Naturalism
A literary movement among novelists at the end of the nineteenth century and during the early
decades of the twentieth century. The Naturalists tended to view people as hapless victims of
immutable natural laws.
Oral tradition
The passing of songs, stories, and poems from generation to generation by word of mouth. The oral
tradition in America has been preserved in Native American myths and legends, spirituals, folk ballads,
and other works.
Plain Style
Type of writing in which uncomplicated sentences and ordinary words are used to make simple direct
statements. This style was favored by the Puritans who wanted to express themselves clearly.
Regionalism
Like local color writing, regionalists tended to write about specific geographical areas; however, these
writers went beyond a mere presentation of cultural characteristics and instead tried to display a
sophisticated sociological or anthropological treatment of the culture of a region.
Romanticism
A literary and artistic movement of the nineteenth century that placed emphasis on the imagination,
emotion, nature, individualist, and exotica.
Stream of consciousness
Narrative technique that presents thought as if they were coming directly from a character’s mind.
Transcendentalism
An American literary and philosophical movement of the nineteenth century that promoted the belief that
intuition and the individual conscience “transcend” experience and thus are better guides to truth than are
the senses and logical reason.
WRITING PROCESS
Active voice
A verb form in which the subject of the verb carries out some action.
Annotated bibliography
The inclusion of additional comments in the works listed in the standard bibliography.
Audience
Those people for whom you are writing.
Prewriting
The stage in which you plan out the work to be done. You prepare to write by exploring ideas, gathering
information, and working out an organization plan.
PREWRITING STEPS
Clustering
A brainstorm technique to help you freely associate ideas around a key word or phrase, thus forming a
group of related concepts.
Brainstorm
The listing of possible ideas from a cluster to use in your paper. Not all of your ideas will be useful or
suitable. You will need to evaluate them later.
Consultation
Speaking informally with other who may suggest an idea or an approach.
Questioning
When your brainstorm list is complete, make a list of questions about your topic, then find answers to
your questions.
Research
Do research. Your topic may require information that you do not have, so you will need to go to other
sources to find information.
Outlining
A detailed list of all your ideas and information presented in an organized manner.
Drafting
From your outline, create a rough plan that presents your ideas in sentences and paragraphs.
Body Paragraphs
The presentation of your information and ideas, which elaborate on you main idea, or thesis. Elaboration
of your main idea can use the following kinds of details: textual evidence (facts) and statistics, sensory
details, explanations and definitions, anecdotes, examples, and/or questions.
PARAGRAPH ORGANIZATION
Cause and effect order
The means of organizing a written work that shows the reasons for results of events or incidents.
Chronological order
Events are presented in the order in which they occurred. This organization works best for presenting
narrative material or explaining in a “how-to” format.
Main idea and details order
This logical organization works well to support an idea or opinion. Present each main idea, and back it up
with appropriate support (see body paragraphs).
Order of importance
This order helps readers to see the relative importance of ideas. You present ideas from the most
important to least important or from the least to most important.
Spatial order
In spatial order, details are presented as seen in space; for example, from the left to right, top to bottom, or
from foreground to background. This order is good for descriptive writing.
EDITING
Looking more closely at the language you have used to ensure that the way you expressed your ideas is
the most effective.
Editing techniques
Replace dull language with vivid, precise words.
Cut or change unnecessary repetition. Cut empty words and phrases that do not add anything to the
writing. Check passive voice. Usually, active voice is more effective. Replace wordy expressions with
short, more precise ones.
Graphics
Charts, tables, or visual elements such as illustrations within a text.
Headers
Subtitles within a text that indicates the sections of a text.
Introduction
The first paragraph of an essay. The introduction should engage the reader’s attention and let them know
the purpose of your paper. You may use the following strategies: startle your reader, use an anecdote, take
a stand, and/or provide and insight.
Conclusion
The ending of your essay, which gives the final impression that you have pulled everything together.
Following are some effective ways to end your paper: summarize and restate, state an opinion, call for
action, ask a question, tell an anecdote, and/or provide an insight.
Main idea
The central idea throughout a passage.
Paraphrase
Restating the information from a source in your own words, and mentioning the source.
Passive voice
A verb form in which the subject of the verb is the receiver of some action or state indicated by the verb.
Primary source
An information source that arises from direct participation with the subject.
Proofread
After you finish your final draft, correct errors in grammar and usage, punctuation and capitalization, and
spelling. It is best to have several other readers proofread your drafts as well.
Publishing and presenting
When your final draft has been proofread by you and several others, it is ready to be shared with
classmates, family, instructor, or a wider audience.
Reference books
Dictionaries, encyclopedias, thesauruses.
Revising
After your paper has been proofread, make changes based on your reader’s evaluation in terms of
concept, organization, style, and appropriateness to purpose and audience.
Rubric
A scale of grading standards in which your work will be judged based on specific criteria.
Secondary source
An information source produced by someone who did not directly participate in or personally observe the
events described.
Structure
Organization. (See body paragraphs)
Summary
The main points and details in a text in condensed form, leaving out unimportant information.
Synthesize
To connect information or ideas from various sources.
Textual evidence (facts)
Convincing factual support from a variety of outside sources, including direct quotations whose sources
are credited.
Antithesis
The opposite of the original controlling idea (Thesis), the discovery of a contradiction in the original
thesis, or proposition.
Synthesis
The formulation of a third thesis, or proposition, being the combination of the original idea and the
contradiction to it.
Topic
The general category or class of idea, often stated as a word or phrase, to which the ideas of a passage as a
whole being.
Topic Sentence
A sentence that clearly states what a paragraph is about.
Transition
Words or ideas that connect one idea to another, making paragraphs flow freely.
Unity
When your introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion are directly related, highly organized, and
carefully written, you will achieve a unified or cohesive paper that fully explores your main idea.
READING VOCABULARY
Cause
What makes something happen.
Effect
What happens as a result of a cause.
Connotation
The emotional impression that a word conveys.
Context clues
The word clues surrounding an unknown word or phrase that help clarify its meaning.
Denotation
The literal meaning of a word.
BIOLOGY
ROOT
A
AEROAMPHIBIARTH
ASTER
AUTO
BI
BIO
CARPCAUD
CENTI
CEPHA
CHLORO
CHONDRO
CHRYS
COEL, COELO
CYAN
CYTO
DERM
DI
ECTERYTHRO
GEN
GYN
HEMO
HEMI
HEMO
HEPAT
HERB
HETERO
HOMO
HYDRO
HYPER
HYPO
HYPER
ICHTHY
INTER
ISO
IT IS
KILO
LEPI
LEPTO
LYSIS
MACRO
MESO
META
MILLI
MYCO
OCUL
SOURCE
A
AER
AMPHI
ARTHRON
ASTRAUTOS
BIS
BIOS
CAUDA
CENTUM
CEPHALE
CHLORO
CHONDROS
CHRYSOS
KOILOS
CYANOS
CYTO
DERMA
DIS
ERYTHROS
GENOS
GYNE
HEM
HEMI
HAIMA
HETEROS
HOMOIS
HYDOR
HYPER
HYPO
HYPER
ICH
INTER
ISOS
ITIS
LEPIS
LEPTOS
LYS
MAKROS
MESO
META
MEANING OR ASSOCIATION
SOME EXAMPLES
WITHOUT OR NOT
ASEXUAL, ASYMETRICAL
AIR
AEROBIC
LEADING A DOUBLE LIFE
AMPHIBIAN
JOINT
ARTHROPOD
STAR
ASTEROID
SELF
AUTO-OXIDATION, AUTOLYSIS
TWICE, DOUBLE
BISULFATE
LIFE, LIVING
BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY
FRUIT
PERICARP
TAIL
CAUDAL FIN (FISH)
HUNDRED
CENTIMETER
HEAD
CEPHALIC
GREEN
CHLOROPLAST
CARTILAGE
CHONDROBLAST
GOLDEN-YELLOW
CHRYSOBERYL, CHRYSANTHEMUM
HOLLOW, CAVITY
COELOBLAST, COELUM
DEEP BLUE
CYANIDE, HEMOCYANIN
CELL
CYTOLOGY
SKIN
DERMATITIS
TWICE, DOUBLE
DISACCARADE
OUTSIDE, WITHOUT
ECTODERM
RED
ERYTHRODEXTRIN
BIRTH, BEGINNING
GENESIS, OOGENESIS
WOMAN
GYNDOICECIOUS, POLYGAMY
BLOOD
HEMOLYSIS
A HALF
HEMIHYDRATE
BLOOD
HEMOCYANIN
LIVER
HEPATITIS
GRASS
HERBARIUM
OTHER, DIFFERENT
HETEROCYCLIC
SAME
HOMOCERCA; HOMOLOGOUS
WATER
HYDRATE, HYDROGEN
EXCESSIVE
HYPERTHYROIDISM
UNDER, LOWER
HYPOCHLOROUS, THYROID
ABOVE
HYPERLASIA, HYPERTHYROIDISM
FISH
ICHTHYICHES
BETWEEN
INTERNODE
SIMILAR
ISOTONIC
INFLAMATION
ARTHRITIS
THOUSAND
KILOMETER
SCALE
LEPIDOPETRA
SLENDER
LEPTOPHYLLUS
DECOMPOSE
LYSOSOME, LSYSIS
LARGE
MACROMOLECULE
MIDDLE
MESOGLEA, METAPHASE
BETWEEN
METAPHASE
THOUSANDTH
MILLIMETER
FUNGUS, THREADLIKE
MYCELUIM
EYE
OCULAR
OSTIPHILPHOBIA
PHYTE
POLY
PSEUDO
PTER
SEPTIC
PHYT
POLY
PSEUDES
PTERYX
SPERM
SYMTELE
THERMTROPH-
SPERMA
ZYGO
ZYGON
TELEOS
BONE
OSTEOPOROSIS
LOVING, FOND OF HYDROPHILIC
EXCESSIVE FEAR OF HYDROPHOBIC
PLANT
GAMETOPHYTE
MANY, SEVERAL
POLYANDRY
FALSE, DECEPTIVE PSEUDOPOD
WING
PTERIDOPHYTE
PUTREFACTION,
ASPETIC
INFECTION
SEED
SPERMATOCYTE
TOGETHER
SYMBIOTIC
COMPLETE
TELOPHASE
HEAT
THERMOSTATIC
ONE WHO FEEDS,
AUTOTROPH
WELL FED
YOKE
ZYGOTE
CHEMISTRY VOCABULARY
Word
Alloy
Ambient Temperature
Boiling vs. Evaporating
Cease to Evaporate
Compress
Condensation
Decreasing order
Diatomic vs. Monatomic
Diffusion vs. Effusion
Direct vs. Inverse Relationship
Distinctive Color
Electronic Probe
Electrostatic Forces
Emit Light
Extrapolate
Formula Units
Increasing Order
Intermolecular vs. Intramolecular Forces
Interpolate
Lattice Structure
Macromolecules- Subunits
Polar vs. Non-Polar
Ppm
Precipitate
Reactants vs. Products
Reagent
Repulsion
Spectra
Vacuum
Yield
Definition
Mixture of two or more metals.
Temperature of your surroundings, room temperature.
Boiling and evaporating are both changes from liquid to gas state but
evaporating happens at many temperatures and only on the surface of the
liquid. Boiling happens only at the boiling temperature within the body of the
liquid.
Stops changing from liquid state to gas state on the surface of a liquid.
If you squeeze a pillow made of foam, you compress it.
Molecules change from gas to liquid.
Increasing order: put items in order from the largest value to the smallest
value.
Two atoms will make a diatomic molecule; one molecule makes a monatomic
molecule.
Diffusion is movement of one material through another while effusion is when
a gas escapes through a tiny opening.
Direct: when one value goes up, so will the other one; indirect, when one value
goes up, the other one goes down.
Main color; The distinctive color of a banana is yellow.
Device that measures data, i.e. temperature, pH, pressure.
Attraction between cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions).
To release or give off. A combustion reaction emits light and heat.
Extend and estimate best fit line.
Ionic bonded “molecule”.
Increasing order; put items in order from smallest value to highest value.
Intermolecular is attractions between molecules; intramolecular is bonding
between atoms like covalent or ionic bonds.
Best fit line
Crystal pattern made from ionic compounds.
Very large molecules are made from smaller pieces. Proteins are
macromolecules made from amino acid subunits.
Polar bonds have uneven charge, nonpolar charges are equal.
Parts per million: measure of concentration. Multiple values to make
denominator 1,000,000 parts.
Solid formed from solutions, will settle as a powder.
Reactants are the starting material, products are what is formed. Reactants
make products!
Another name for a chemical used in a reaction.
Separation caused by same charges. You cannot put like ends of a magnet
together because of repulsion.
Series of colors given off by energizing elements.
Empty space, absence of matter
To produce.
PHYSICS VOCABULARY
Motion & Forces
Word
Acceleration
Average Velocity
Centripetal Acceleration
Centripetal Force
Density
Displacement
Equilibrium
Force
Friction
Gravity
Inertia
Mass
Normal Force
Projectile
Resultant
Speed
Vector
Weight
Energy & Momentum
Word
Elastic Collision
Elastic Potential Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
Impulse
Inelastic Collisions
Kinetic Energy
Momentum
Power
Work
Definition
The rate at which the velocity changes over time; an object accelerates if
its speed, direction, or both change.
The total displacement divided by the time interval during which the
displacement.
An acceleration directed to the center of a circle.
The necessary net force exerted perpendicular to the tangential velocity
to cause centripetal acceleration.
The concentration of matter of an object, measured as the mass per unit
volume of a substance.
The change in position of an object
The state in which the net force on an object is zero.
An action exerted on an object which may change the object’s state of
rest or motion; force has magnitude and direction.
A non-conservative force that resists the relative motion of surfaces in
contact with each other.
Attractive force directly proportional to the product of the masses of and
inversely proportional to the distance between two objects.
The tendency of an object to resist being moved or, if the object is
moving, to resist a change in speed or direction.
The property of matter (measured in kilograms in the metric system)
which determines its inertia and the gravitational forces it exerts.
A force that acts on a surface in a direction perpendicular to the surface.
An object with independent vertical and horizontal motion that moves
through the air only under the force of gravity after an initial thrust.
A vector that represents the sum of two or more vectors.
Distance traveled divided by the time.
A physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
A measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object; its value can
change with the location of the object in the universe.
Definition
A collision in which the total momentum and total kinetic energy are
conserved.
The energy available for use when an elastic body returns to its original
configuration.
The potential energy stored in the gravitational fiends of interacting
bodies.
The product of the force and time over which the force acts on an object.
A collision in which total momentum is conserved, but total kinetic
energy decreases.
The energy of an object that is due to the object’s motion.
A quantity defined as the product of the mass and velocity of an object.
A quantity that measures the rate at which work is done or energy is
transformed.
The product of the component of a force along the direction of
displacement and the magnitude of the displacement.
Waves
Word
Diffraction
Doppler Effect
Definition
A change in the direction of a wave when the wave encounters an
obstacle, and opening, or an edge.
An observed change in the frequency when there is relative motion
between the source of waves and an observer.
Electromagnetic Wave
Frequency
Interference
Longitudinal Wave
Mechanical Wave
Period
Reflection
Refraction
Superposition Principle
Transverse Wave
Wavelength
Heat and Thermodynamics
Word
Entropy
Heat Engine
Work
Electricity and Magnetism
Word
Electric Current
Electric Field
Electric Potential
Magnetic Field
Parallel Circuit
Plasma
Resistance
Series Circuit
Transistor
A wave that consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, which
radiate outward from the source at the speed of light.
The number of cycles or vibrations per unit time; also the number of
waves produced per unit of time.
Constructive interference is a superposition of two or more waves in
which individual displacements on the same side of the equilibrium
position are added together to form the resultant wave. Destructive
interference is a superposition of two or more waves in which individual
displacements on opposite sides of the equilibrium, position are added
together to form the resultant wave.
A wave whose particles vibrate parallel to the direction the wave is
traveling.
A wave that requires a medium through which to travel.
The time that it takes a complete cycle or wave oscillation to occur.
The turning back of an electromagnetic wave at a surface.
The bending of a wavefront as the wavefront passes between two
substances in which the speed of the wave differs.
The displacement of any point due to the superposition of waves is equal
to the sum of the displacements of the individual waves at that point.
A wave whose particles vibrate perpendicularly to the direction the wave
is traveling.
The distance between two adjacent similar points of a wave, such as
from crest to crest or from trough to trough.
Definition
A measure of the randomness or disorder of system.
A device that uses heat to do mechanical work.
The process of changing the energy of a system by means of forces.
Definition
The rate at which charges pass through a given area.
A region where an electric force on a test charge can be detected.
The work that must be performed against electric forces to move a
charge from a reference point to the point in question divided by the
charge.
A region where a magnetic force can be detected.
A circuit with several current paths, whose total current equals the sum
of the currents in its branches.
The gas-like state of matter made up of positively charged ions or
negatively charged electrons or a mixture of them.
The opposition presented to electric current by a material or device.
A circuit in which current passes through each device, one after another.
A semiconductor device that can amplify current and that is used in
amplifiers, oscillators, and switches.
EARTH SCIENCE
WORD PART OR ROOT
MEANING
APPLICATION
a-
Not,without
Abiotic
Astr-, aster-
Star
Astronomy
Bar-, baro-
Weight, pressure
Barometer
Batho-, bathy-
Depth
Batholiths, bathysphere
Circum-
Around
Circum-Pacific, circumpolar
-cline
Lean, slope
Anticline, syncline
-duct-
To lead, draw
Conduction
Eco-
Environment
Ecology, ecosystem
Epi-
On
Epicenter
Ex-, exo-
Out, outside of
Exosphere, exfoliation, extrusion
Geo-
Earth
Geode, geology, geomagnetic
-graph
Write, writing
Seismograph
Hydro-
Water
Hydrosphere
Hypo-
Under
Hypothesis
Iso-
Equal
Isoscope, isostasy, isotope
-lith, -lithic
Stone
Neolithic, regolith
-log-
Study
Ecology, geology, meteorology
Magn-
Great, large
Magnitude
Mar-
Sea
Marine
Meta-
Among, change
Metamorphic, metamorphism
-meter
To measure
Thermometer, spectrometer
Micro-
Small
Microquake
-morph, -morphic
Form, shape
Metamorphic
Nebula-
Mist, cloud
Neolithic
Paleo-
Old
Paleontology, Paleozoic
Ped-, pedo-
Ground, soil
Pediment
Per-
Through
Permeable
Peri-
Around
Perigee, perihelion
Seism-, seismo-
Shake, earthquake
Seismic, seismograph
Sol-
Sun
Solar, solstice
Spectro-
Look at, examine
Spectroscope, spectrum
-sphere
Ball, globe
Geosphere, lithosphere
Strati-, strato-
Spread, layer
Stratification, stratovolcano
terra-
Earth, land
Terracing, terrane
Thermo-
Heat
Thermosphere, thermometer
Top-, topo-
Place
Topographic
Trop-, tropo-
Turn, respond to
Tropopause, troposphere
ANATOMY VOCABULARY
Word
Definition
Acne
Sebaceous gland inflammation cause by an accumulation of secretions.
Arthritis
Rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints. Arthritis always involves damage to the articular cartilages,
but the specific cause can vary.
Athsma
An acute repository disorder characterized by unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways.
Benign Tumor
A mass or swelling in which the cells usually remain within a connective tissue capsule, rarely life
threatening.
Biopsy
The removal and examination of tissue from the bodey for the diagnosis of disease.
Cancer
An illness characterized by gene mutations leading to the formation of malignant tumors and metastatis.
Carcinogen
An environmental factor that stimulates the conversion of a normal cell to a cancer cell.
CAT SCAN
Computerized axial tomography: an imaging technique that uses X-rays to reconstruct the body’s threedimensional structure.
Cholesterol
A steroid and an important component of cellular membranes; in high concentrations it increases the risk
of heart disease.
Disease
A malfunction of organs or organ systems resulting from a failure in homeostatic regulation.
Fracture
A crack or break in a bone.
Gallstones
Deposits of minerals, bile salts, and cholesterol that form if bile becomes too concentrated.
Genetic Engineering
The research on and techniques for changing the genetic makeup (DNA ) of an organism.
Hernia
A condition involving an organ or a body part that protrudes through an abnormal opening in the wall of a
body cavity.
Histology
The study of tissues.
Malignant Tumor
A mass or swelling in which the cells no longer respond to normal control mechanisms but divide rapidly
and spread.
Pnemonia
A respiratory disorder characterized by fluid leakage into the alveoli and/or swelling and constriction of
the respiratory bronchioles.
Regeneration
The repair of injured tissues following inflammation.
Tendinitis
Inflammation of the connective tissue surrounding a tendon.
Tracheostomy
The insertion of a tube directly into the trachea to bypass a blocked or damaged larynx.
Tumor (neoplasm)
A mass or swelling produced by abnormal cell growth and division.
Ulcer
A localized shrededing of an epithelium.
Varicose Veins
Sagging, swollen veins distorted by gravity and by the failure of the venous valves.
SOCIAL SCIENCE VOCABULARY
All Courses
Word
Agrarian
Allies
Anti-Trust
Capitalism
Checks and Balances
Civilian
Communism
Constitution
Demand
Despot
Dictator
Discrimination
Domestic
Due Process Clause
Economic System
Emigrant
Entrepreneur
Executive Branch
Exploitation
Export
Factors of Production
Federal Reserve
Federalism
Feudalism
Hierarchy
Ideology
Immigrant
Import
Industrialism
Inflation
Interest Groups
Judicial Branch
Jurisdiction
Labor
Labor Union
Laissez-Faire
Legislative Branch
Legislature
Definition
Relating to the land and its ownership, cultivation, and tenure.
Groups or countries that side with each other diplomatically or militarily;
friends.
Prevention of illegal grouping of companies that discourage competition; antimonopoly.
An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are
privately or corporately owned.
System that prevents a branch or person in government from having too much
power.
A person following the pursuits of a civil life, not a member of the armed forces.
A system of government in which the state controls the economy, claiming that
all goods are equally shared.
System of fundamental laws and principles that prescribes the nature, functions,
and limits of a government.
The desire to posses a commodity or make use of a service, combined with the
ability to purchase it.
A ruler with absolute power.
An absolute ruler.
Treatment or consideration based on class or category rather than individual
merit.
Indigenous to or products made within one’s own country; not foreign; native.
A clause in a constitution prohibiting the government from depriving a person
of life, liberty, or property.
The system of production and distribution and consumption.
A person who emigrates, as from his or her native country or region.
A person who organizes and manages any enterprise.
The branch of the United States government that is responsible for carrying out
the laws.
Selfish utilization.
To ship (commodities) to other countries or places for sale, exchange.
Land, labor, capital, entrepreneurs; necessities for production to occur.
The central bank of the United States; 12 Federal Reserve branch banks.
The federal principle of government.
The feudal system, or its principles and practices.
An organized body of ecclesiastical officials in successive ranks or orders.
Such a body of doctrine, myth, etc., with reference to some political and social
plan.
A person who migrates to another country, usually for permanent residence.
To bring in (merchandise, commodities, workers, etc) from a foreign country for
use, sale, processing, etc.
An economic society built largely on mechanized industry rather than
agriculture, craftsmanship, or value of currency.
A persistent, substantial rise in the general level of prices resulting in the loss of
value of currency.
A group of people drawn or acting together in support of a common interest or
to voice a common concern.
The branch of the United States government responsible for the administration
of justice.
The right, power, or authority to administer justice by hearing and determining
controversies.
The body of persons engaged in such activities, esp., those working for wages.
An organization of wage earners or salaried employees for mutual aid and
protection. Theory of believing that government should intervene as little as
possible in the direction of economic affairs.
The branch of the United States government that has the power of legislating.
The branch of the United States government that has the power of legislating.
The branch of government having the power to make laws.
Liberal
Liberalism
Liberty
Mercantilism
Monarch
Oppression
Proletariat
Propaganda
Public Works
Radical
Rebellion
Refugee
Regime
Representation
Republic
Revolution
Rural
Scarcity
Segregation
Socialism
Sovereignty
Suffrage
Tolerance
Total War
Unions
Urban
Veto
U.S Courses
Word
ACLU
Amendment
ARVN
Bessemer
Domino Theory
Editorial
Electoral College
Geneva Accord
Noting or pertaining to a political party advocating measures of progressive
reform.
Philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual, government, nonviolent
modification of liberties.
Freedom from external or foreign rule; independence.
Economic policy; nations tried to increase wealth/power by obtaining amounts
of gold/silver and selling more goods than they bought.
A person who rules a kingdom or empire, the succession of a monarchy is
usually hereditary.
Unjust or cruel exercise of authority or power.
In Marxist theory, the group of workers who would overthrow the czar and
come to rule Russia.
A kind of biased communication designed to influence people’s thoughts and
actions.
Goods or services provided by the government through tax dollars.
In the first half of the 19th century, a European who favored drastic change to
extend democracy to all people.
Open, organized, and armed resistance to one’s government or ruler.
A person who leaves his or her country to move to another to find safety.
The period during which a particular government or ruling system is in power.
The state, fact, or right of being represented by delegates having a voice in
legislation or government.
A government in which the citizens rule through elected representatives.
The overthrow or renunciation of one’s government or ruler and the substitution
of anther by the governed.
Of or relating to the country or countryside, often involving agricultural
production.
Limited quantities of resources meet unlimited wants.
The legal or social separation of people of different races.
An economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public
and operate for the welfare of all.
Supreme and independent power or authority in government as possessed or
claimed by state or community.
The right to vote.
A fair, objective, and permissive attitude toward those whose opinions,
practices, race, religion, and nationality differ from one’s own.
A conflict in which the participating countries devote all of their resources to the
war effort.
An association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and
higher wages.
A migration of people from cities to the surrounding suburbs.
Power vested in one branch of the government to cancel the decisions of another
branch, esp. the right of a president to reject bills passed by the leg.
Definition
American Civil Liberties Union; an organization devoted to upholding
constitutional rights.
Within the context of the US Constitution, a formal change in the Constitution;
requires ratification by ¾ of states.
S. Vietnamese soldiers with whom U.S. troops fought against communism and
forces in the North during the Vietnam War.
A cheap and efficient process for making steel, developed around 1850.
The idea that if a nation falls under communist control, nearby nations will also
fall under communist control.
Newspaper or magazine article that gives the opinions of the editors or
publishers.
Representatives from each state who formally cast ballots for the president and
vice president.
A 1954 peace agreement that divided Vietnam into Communist North Vietnam
and non-Communist South Vietnam.
Gilded Age
Harlem Renaissance
Internment Camp
Lend Lease Act
Manhattan Project
Manifest Destiny
Marbury v. Madison
Mass Culture
Melting Pot
Monroe Doctrine
Muckracker
My Lai
NAACP
Nativism
Palmer Raids
Populist
Progressive
Red Scare
Social Gospel
Tariff
Tet Offensive
Tonkin Gulf
Vietcong
Vietnamization
Vietminh
War Powers Act
W/U.S. Courses
Word
Annexation
Anti-Semitism
Appeasement
Brinkmanship
Colonies
Containment
Democratic
Détente
Local and national political corruption in the 19th century that led to calls for
reform.
A flowering of African-American artistic creativity during the 1920’s, centered
in the Harlem community of New York City.
Confinement or a restriction in movement, especially in wartime conditions.
Law passed in 1941 that allowed the U.S. to ship arms and other supplies to
nations fighting the Axis powers.
The U.S. program to develop an atomic bomb for use in World War II.
19th century belief that the United States would inevitably expand westward to
the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican Territory.
1803 case, Supreme Court ruled it had the power to abolish legislative acts by
declaring them unconstitutional (judicial review).
The production of works of art and entertainment designed to appeal to a large
audience.
Mixture of people from different cultures and races who blend together by
abandoning their native languages and cultures.
A policy of U.S. opposition to any European interference in the affairs of the
Western Hemisphere.
One of the magazine journalists who exposed the corrupt side of business and
public life in the early 1900’s.
A village in northern Southern Vietnam where more than 200 unarmed civilians
were killed by U.S. troops (May 1968).
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. An
organization founded in 1909 to promote racial equality.
Favoring the interests of native-born people over foreign-born people.
Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, authorized to target communists,
socialists and anarchists, often violating people’s rights.
Political movement demanding people to have a greater voice in government
and seeking to advance the interests of farmers/laborers.
Early 20th century reform movement seeking to return control of the
government to the people, restore the economy, and correct injustices.
A panic that began after Russia’s Bolshevik Revolution based on a fear that
communists were taking over the country.
19th century reform movement; belief that Christians have a responsibility to
help improve working conditions and poverty.
A tax on imported goods.
A massive surprise attack by the Viet Cong on South Vietnamese towns and
cities early in 1968.
A resolution adopted by Congress in 1964, giving the president broad powers to
wage war in Vietnam.
South Vietnamese Communists who, with N. Vietnamese support, fought
against the gov. of South Vietnam in the Vietnam War.
President Nixon’s strategy for ending U.S. involvment in the Vietnam War.
Org. of Vietnamese Communists and other nationalist groups between 19461954 fought for Viet. Independence from French.
A law enacted in 1973, limiting a president’s right to send troops into battle
without consulting Congress.
Definition
The adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit.
Prejudice against Jews.
The making of concessions to an aggressor in order to avoid war.
A policy of threatening to go to war in response to any enemy aggression.
Land controlled by another nation.
U.S. foreign policy, in which the U.S. tried to stop the spread of communism by
creating alliances and helping weak countries.
A government that uses aspects of democracy, or rule by the people.
A policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the United States
during the presidency of Richard Nixon.
Empire
Fascism
Genocide
Hiroshima
Imperialism
Isolation
League of Nations
Militarism
Nationalism
Neutrality
Nuremburg Trials
Roosevelt Corollary
Self-Discrimination
Totalitarianism
Trench Warfare
Truman Doctrine
World Courses
Word
Abdicate
Armistice
Authoritarianism
Bourgeoisie
Boxer Rebellion
Conservative
Divine Right
Fall of the Bastille
Geopolitical
Glasnost
Government
Great Purge
Industrial Revolution
John Locke
Lost Generation
Marxism
Mobilize
Monotheism
A number of territories or peoples under a single sovereign authority, usually an
emperor.
Political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of
individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule.
The systematic killing of an entire people.
Japanese port city struck by the first dropping of an atomic bomb on August 6, 1945.
A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically,
economically, or socially.
Policy of avoiding political or military involvement with other countries.
An international association formed after World War I with the goal of keeping
peace among nations.
A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared
for war.
The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation rather than a king or
empire.
To remain neutral or uninvolved in a conflict.
A series of court proceedings held in Nuremburg, Germany, after WWII, in which
Nazi Leaders were tried.
Extension of the Monroe Doctrine, in which the U.S. had the right to exercise
“police power” throughout Western Hemisphere.
The freedom of a people to decide under what form of government they wish to live.
Government control over every aspect of public and private life.
A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in
the battlefield.
A U.S. policy giving economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal
or external opponents.
Definition
To step down from a throne or high office.
An agreement to stop fighting.
The concentration of political power in a leader or elite not constitutionally
responsible to the people.
The French word for middle class. In pre-revolutionary France, the bourgeoisie had
little political power but was taxed heavily.
A 1900 revolt in China, aimed at ending foreign military influence in the country.
First half of the 19th century, a European mainly wealthy landowners and nobles
that wanted to keep the traditional monarchies.
The idea that monarchs are God’s representatives on earth and are therefore
answerable only to God.
Seizure of a royal prison in Paris by Parisians that became a symbol of revolutionary
activity; Bastille Day is July 14th.
A foreign policy based on consideration of the strategic locations or products of
other lands.
Gorbachev’s policy of “openness”; churches reopened, dissidents released from
prison; and people could voice criticisms.
The continuous exercise of authority over the performance of functions for a
political unit.
Campaign of terror in the Soviet Union; Joseph Stalin sough to eliminate
Communists and whoever threatened his power.
The shift, beginning in England during the 18th century, from making goods by hand
to making them machine.
Political thinker who believed that a government’s power comes from the people;
also supported natural rights (see below).
American writers, musicians, and painters who left the U.S. for Europe and were
disillusioned after WWI.
Ideas created by The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels
promoting the overthrow of capitalism by workers.
To prepare a country’s military forces for deployment or use.
A religious belief in one god.
NATO
Natural Rights
Non-Aggression Treaty
Perestroika
Philosopher Kings
Pogrom
Renaissance
Romanticism
Schlieffen Plan
Separation of Powers
Simon Bolivar
Social Contract
Social Darwinism
Taiping Rebellion
Tennis Court Oath
Theocracy
Treaty of Versailles
Trench Warfare
Triple Alliance
Triple Entente
Tyranny
Ultimatum
Yalta Conference
North Atlantic Treaty Organization: A Cold War military alliance formed among
western European nations, the U.S., and Canada.
From John Locke: life, liberty, and property. A government should protect people’s
natural rights.
Signed by Hitler and Stalin before WWII. It also planned for the partition of Poland.
Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy of economic restructuring communism for greater
efficiency and higher production.
According to Plato in The Republic: they should rule; have the spirit and power of
philosophy, political greatness and wisdom.
An organized massacre of helpless people.
A period of European history, about 1300-1600, renewed interest in classical culture
led to changes in art and learning.
An early 19th century movement in art and thought, which focused on emotion and
nature rather than reason and society.
Germany’s military plan at the outbreak of WWI, which Germany would rapidly
defeat France and then attack Russia.
An idea championed by Montesquieu during the enlightenment in which the
government is divided into 3 separate branches.
Venezuelan general who achieved Independence from Spain for Venezuela and then
other South American colonies.
The agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating
an organized society or government.
The application of Charles Darwin’s ideas about evolution and “survival of the the
fittest” to human societies.
A Mid-19th century rebellion against the Qing Dynasty in China, led by Hong
Xiuquan.
At the Estates General, the pledge by members of the Third Estate to meet until they
had written a constitution for France.
Government of a state by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are
regarded as divinely guided.
The peace treaty between the Allies and Germany to end WWI. It punished
Germany, created new nations and mandates.
A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in
the battlefield.
Prior to WWI, the military alliance comprised to Germany, Austra-Hungary and
Italy.
Prior to WWI, the military alliance comprised of Russia, Britain and France.
A government in which absolute power is vested in a signal ruler.
A final proposition, condition, or demand.
Meeting during the end of WWII between Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin about
planning the postwar world.
MATH VOCABULARY
Word
Binomials
Commutative Property
Counterexample
Data
Distributive Property
Domain
Equations
Equivalent
Expression
Expression Evaluated
Fraction
Function
Functions Expressions
Graphing Equations
Horizontal Axis
Inequality
Intercept
Linear Equations
Linear Function
Multiplication Property
Multiplicative Inverse
Number Properties
Operations
Ordered Pairs
Parallel
Perimeter
Perpendicular
Points on a Graph
Polynomials
Prime Factorization
Product
Quadratic Equation
Quadratics
Quantity
Rational Expressions
Real Number
Reciprocal
Slope
Solution
Statement
System of Inequalities
Systems of Linear Equations
Value
Vertical Axis
Zero Product Property
Definition
A polynomial of two terms.
a+b=b+a
Any example that proves a statement false.
Individual facts, statisitics, or items of information.
For every real number a, b, and c: a(b+c) = ab + ac (b+c) a= ab +ac
The domain of a relation is the set of all inputs, or x-coordinates, of the ordered
pairs.
A mathematical sentence that uses an equal sign.
Equations that have the same solution.
A symbol or a combination of symbols representing a value, relation, or the like.
Simplifying an expression.
A number usually expressed in the form a/b.
A relation that assigns exactly one value in the range to each value of the domain.
Or function notation, to write a rule in function notation, you use the symbol f(x) in
place of y.
Use slope intercept form, y = mx + b.
Lines that lie on the x axis.
A mathematical sentence that compares the values of two expressions using an
inequality symbol.
To mark off or include, as between two points or lines.
An equation whose graph forms a straight line.
An equation whose graph forms a straight line.
If a = b then a x c = b x c.
Given a nonzero rational number a/b, the multiplicative inverse, or the reciprocal, is
b/a, the product of a nonzero number and its multiplicative inverse is 1.
Commutative, Associate, and Distributive.
PEMDAS- parenthesis, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, and
substraction.
Two numbers that identify the location of a point.
Two lines that never intersect.
The space or area within a shape.
Lines that intersect to form right angles. Two lines are perpendicular if the product
of their slopes is -1.
A point that is a line or on the graph.
A sum of one or more monomials. A quotient with a variable in the denominator is
not a polynomial.
The process of decomposing a number into its constituent prime numbers.
The result obtained by multiplying two or more quantities together.
An equation you can write together in the standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a,
b, and c are real numbers and a does not equal 0.
It’s to the second power.
The amount of something.
A ratio of two polynomials. The value of the variable cannot make denominator
equal to zero.
A number that is either rational or irrational.
Is the inverse of a fraction. If you have 2/3 then reciprocal is 3/2.
The ratio of the vertical change to the horizontal change.
The set of all solutions.
Something stated.
Two or more linear inequalities using the same variables.
A “system” of equations is a set or collection of equations that you deal with all
together at once.
Magnitude, quality, number by a figure, symbol, or the like.
Lines that lie on the y axis.
For all real numbers a and b, if ab=0 , then a =0 or b = 0.