Title: Recursive polyploidizations and related biological consequences during the evolution of land plants (with grasses as models) Abstract: The evolution of land plants has featured recursive polyploidizations, affecting nearly main plant lineages and possibly contributing to their fast divergence and expansion on the land surface of the earth. Accumulated researches report their contributions to genome repatterning, illegitimate recombination (resulted in gene conversion and crossing-over), innovation of biological pathways, and adaption to environmental stresses. Xiyin Wang is currently the Professor and the Dean, College of Life Sciences, Hebei United University; and Visiting Research Professor, University of Georgia. He obtained his PHD (Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics) from Beijing University in 2005. Previously, he obtained his B.S. (Mathematics) from Jilin University, 1995. He has been involved in many plant genome sequencing efforts as one of key members, by leading comparative genomics explorations, in sorghum, papaya, tomato, *Brassica rapa* (Chinese cabbage), *Brassica oleracea*, and cotton; and has made diverse contributions in diverse directions: *SELECTED PUBLICATIONS* 1. The Brassica rapa Genome Sequencing Project Consortium. The genome of the mesopolyploid crop species Brassica rapa. 2011. Nature Genetics. (In press. *Wang. X.* is a group leader of comparative genomics research) 2. Ratnaparkhe, R.B., *Wang, X*., Li, J., Paterson, AH. Comparative microsynteny and evolutionary studies of NBS-LRR genes in peanuts reveals gene colinearity, tandom gene duplications, gene conversions and rearrangement by retroelements. 2011. New Phytologist. (Cover paper. Co-first-authorship) 3. *Wang, X.*, Tang, H., Paterson AH. Seventy million years of concerted evolution of a homoeologous chromosome pair, . in parallel in major Poaceae lineages. 2011. Plant Cell. 4. *Wang, X*., and Paterson, AH. Gene conversion in plant genome with an Emphasis on genes duplicated by polyploidization. 2011. Genes. 5. Tang, H., Bowers, J. E., *Wang, X*. and Paterson, A. H. (2010). "Angiosperm genome comparisons reveal early polyploidy in the monocot lineage." *Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A* *107*(1): 472-7. 6. *Wang, X*., Tang, H., Bowers, J. E. and Paterson, A. H. (2009). "Comparative inference of illegitimate recombination between rice and sorghum duplicated genes produced by polyploidization." *Genome Research* * 19*(6): 1026-32. 7. *Wang, X*., Gowik, U., Tang, H., Bowers, J. E., Westhoff, P. and Paterson, A. H. (2009). "Comparative genomic analysis of C4 photosynthetic pathway evolution in grasses." *Genome Biology 10*(6): R68. 8. Paterson, A. H., Bowers, J. E., Bruggmann, R., Dubchak, I., Grimwood, J., Gundlach, H., Haberer, G., Hellsten, U., Mitros, T., Poliakov, A., Schmutz, J., Spannagl, M., Tang, H., *Wang, X*. et al. (2009). "The Sorghum bicolor genome and the diversification of grasses." *Nature* *457*(7229): 551-6. 9. Tang, H., Bowers, J. E., *Wang, X*., Ming, R., Alam, M. and Paterson, A. H. (2008). "Synteny and collinearity in plant genomes." *Science* *320*(5875): 486-8. 10. Tang, H. B., *Wang, X. Y*., Bowers, J. E., Ming, R., Alam, M. and Paterson, A. H. (2008). "Unreveling ancient hexaploidy throught multiply-aligned angiosperm gene maps." *Genome Research*.