‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
UNIVERSTY OF BAHRI
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES
Department of Archaeology
STUDY PLAN
Bachelor Degree in Archaeology
2013
‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
UNIVERSTY OF BAHRI
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES
 History:The College of Arts and Humanities was established through ratification
of the senate and the approval of the University Council granted on May, the30 th,
2000. The present College at Bahri University is a natural extension for the same
College at the formerly University of Juba.
 Vision:Attaining the highest international level of excellence through accredited
academic programs and qualified graduates who are able to contribute to the
development of society.
 Mission:Achieving distinction in the fields of humanities and literature via
excellent teaching, research and successful partnerships. The major task is to
prepare qualified graduates who are capable of providing valuable services to the
society and meeting the needs of the labor market.
 Goals/Objectives:The goals and objectives of the establishment of the college
are as follows:
1. Train Bachelor degree, Diploma and postgraduate students in the fields of
languages and humanities to serve the public and private sectors.
2. Provide in-services training courses for serving officials.
3. Revive the awareness and importance of Arts and Humanities and their role in
stimulating and promoting co-existence among different peoples and races, as
well as to enrich the African and international thought.
4. Act as a center for consultancy and research on Arts, language and
Humanities.
5. Establish and maintain contacts and links with similar national, regional and
international institutions to engage in joint: studies and research activities.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
1
UNIVERSTY OF BAHRI
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES
Bachelor Degree inArchaeology
Study Plan
 Introduction:
Archaeology department aims to take a prominent position in the College of
Arts and Humanities as a qualitative addition to the existing departments and to
meet the needs of the local market with specialists in the domain of antiquities and
tourist guidance.
 Vision:
Aspiring to be outstanding in archaeological research at local, regional and
international levels.
 Mission:
Endeavoring to enlighten the public about their cultural heritage and
promoting the national feeling.
 Goals/Objectives:
1- Collecting ancient artifacts and organizing them in scientific ways in order to
provide evidence for technological progress and social evolution of mankind.
2- Studying contemporary peoples, with focus on material
culture and the formation processes that create
archaeological deposits.
3- Designing models, suggesting hypotheses and testing them in the hope of
establishing laws governing human behavior.
4- Tracing cultural changes (if any) during the passage of time and determining
whether these changes are progressive or degenerative.
5- Reconstruction of “culture history” via discerning the repeated patterns of
human behavior.
Summary of Credit Hours:
Year Study
First
Second
Third
Fourth
B.A.
total
Fifth
Total Credit Hours
Credit
Hours
35
38
32
35
140
35
175
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
2
First Year
Semester I
Contact Hours
Course Code
Theory
Practical
Total
Credit
Hours
Course Name
Prerequisite
Course
UBAL 1101
Arabic Language Skills I
2
0
2
None
UBEL 1102
English Language Skills I
2
0
2
None
UBIC 1103
Islamic Culture I
2
0
2
None
UBSS 1104
Sudanese Studies
2
0
2
None
AHAR 1101
Introduction to Archaeology
2
0
2
None
AHCR 1102
Introduction to Comparative Religions
2
0
2
None
AHCR 1103
Introduction to Mass Communication
2
0
2
None
AHCR 1104
Introduction to Philosophy
2
0
2
None
AHCR 1105
Introduction to Russian Language
2
3
3
None
18
3
19
Total Hours
Semester II
Contact Hours
Course Code
Theory
Practical
Total
Credit
Hours
Course Name
Prerequisite
Course
UBAL 1201
Arabic Language Skills II
2
0
2
UBAL 1101
UBEL 1202
English Language Skills II
2
0
2
UBEL 1102
UBIC 1203
Islamic Culture II
2
0
2
UBIC 1103
AHCR 1201
Introduction to French Language
2
3
3
None
AHCR 1202
Introduction to Geography
3
0
3
None
AHCR 1203
Introduction to History
2
0
2
None
AHCR 1204
Introduction to Psychology
2
0
2
None
Total Hours
15
3
16
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
3
Second Year
Semester I
Contact Hours
Course Code
Theory
Practical
Total
Credit
Hours
Course Name
Prerequisite
Course
UBAL 1201
UBAL 2101
Arabic Language Skills III
2
0
2
UBEL 2102
English Language Skills III
2
0
2
UBEL 1202
AHAR 2101
Ancient Civilizations
3
0
3
None
AHAR 2102
Archaeology of Egypt I
3
0
3
None
AHAR 2103
Classification of Archaeological Finds I
3
0
3
None
AHAR 2104
History of Archaeological Research
3
0
3
None
AHAR 2105
Man and Cultural Evolution I
3
0
3
None
19
0
19
Total Credit Hours
Semester II
Contact Hours
Course Code
Theory
Practical
Total
Credit
Hours
Course Name
Prerequisite
Course
UBEL 2201
English Language Skills IV
2
0
2
UBEL 2102
AHCR 2201
Computer Skills
2
0
2
None
AHAR 2201
Archaeology of Sudan I
3
0
3
None
AHAR 2202
Archaeology: Theory and Practice
3
0
3
None
AHAR 2203
Classification of Archaeological Finds II
3
0
3
AHAR 2103
AHAR 2204
Dating Methods
3
0
3
None
AHAR 2205
Man and Cultural Evolution II
3
0
3
AHAR 2105
19
0
19
Total Credit Hours
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
4
Third Year
Semester I
Contact Hours
Course Code
Course Name
Theory
Practical
Credit
Hours
Prerequisite
Course
AHAR 3101
Archaeology of Sudan II
3
0
3
AHAR 2201
AHAR 3102
Surveying and Excavation Techniques
3
3
4
None
AHAR 3103
Africa Old Stone Age
3
0
3
None
AHAR 3104
Archaeology of Egypt II
3
0
3
AHAR 2102
AHAR 3105
Introduction to Museology
3
0
3
None
15
3
16
Total Credit Hours
Semester II
Contact Hours
Course Code
Course Name
Theory
Practical
Credit
Hours
Prerequisite
Course
AHAR3201
Field Recording and Site Interpretation
3
3
4
None
AHAR3202
Archaeology of Egypt III
3
0
3
AHAR 3104
AHAR3203
Archaeology of Middle East
3
0
3
None
AHAR 3204
Archaeological Tourism
3
0
3
None
AHAR 3205
Europe Stone Ages
3
0
3
None
15
3
16
Total Credit Hours
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
5
Fourth year
Semester I
Contact Hours
Course Code
Course Name
Theory
Practical
Credit
Hours
Prerequisite
Course
AHAR 4101
Archaeology of Sudan III
3
0
3
AHAR 3101
AHAR4102
Islamic Archaeology
3
0
3
None
AHAR4103
Archaeological Reporting
3
0
3
None
AHAR 4104
Egyptian Hieroglyphics I
3
3
4
None
AHAR 4105
Research Methods
4
0
4
None
16
3
17
Total Credit Hours
Semester II
Contact Hours
Course Code
Course Name
Theory
Practical
Credit
Hours
Prerequisite
Course
AHAR 4201
Egyptian Hieroglyphics II
3
3
4
AHAR 4104
AHAR4202
Meroitic Language
3
0
3
None
AHAR4203
Neolithic Culture In Africa and Asia
3
0
3
None
AHAR 4204
Physical Anthropology and Osteology
3
3
4
None
AHAR 4205
Research Paper
4
0
4
None
16
6
18
Total Credit Hours
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
6
Fifth year
Semester I
Contact Hours
Course Code
Course Name
Theory
Practical
Credit
Hours
Prerequisite
Course
AHAR 5101
Art and Architecture in Archaeology
3
0
3
None
AHAR 5102
Archaeological Heritage Management
3
0
3
None
AHAR 5103
Selected Topics in Archaeology
3
0
3
None
AHAR 5104
Advanced Egyptian Hieroglyphics I
3
3
4
None
AHAR 5105
Archaeology of Mesopotamia
3
0
3
None
Total Credit Hours
15
3
16
Semester II
Contact Hours
Course Code
Course Name
Theory
Practical
Credit
Hours
Prerequisite
Course
AHAR 5201
Current Archaeological Researchin Africa
3
0
3
None
AHAR 5202
Advanced Egyptian Hieroglyphics II
3
3
4
AHAR 5104
AHAR 5203
Advanced Museology
3
3
4
None
AHAR 5204
Archaeological Texts in Foreign Language
3
3
4
None
AHAR 5205
Research Paper
4
0
4
None
16
9
19
Total Credit Hours
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
7
Courses Descriptions
First Year
Semester
I
Course Title : Introduction to Archaeology
Course Code : AHCR1101
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1. To introduce the basic principles of archaeological field work.
2. To become familiar with the theories concerning archaeological research .
3. To gain a general picture about the origins of ancient cultures in various parts of
the world.
 Course Outlines:
The course introduces students to the realm of archaeological discipline *Its
definition,*Scope *Various approaches to study archaeology.*It gives a background
of types of archaeological surveys, excavations *Artifacts classifications *Methods of
dating archaeological finds. It enables students to be fully aware of the *Origins of
ancient cultures in different parts of the world.
 Basic References:
1. Bahn, P.G.2007.The Illustrated World Encyclopedia of Archaeology, Lorenz Books.
Canada.
2. Cremin, A. 2007.The World Encyclopedia of Archaeology, Firefly Books.London.
3. Greene, K.2002.Archaeology: an introduction, USA.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
8
Second Year
Semester
I
Course Title : Ancient Civilizations
Course Code :AHAR2101
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1- To get acquainted with ancient civilizations of the old World.
2- To cast lights on the processes involved in the emergence of agro-technologies of
ancient civilization .
3- To gain a better understanding of the factors being responsible for the rise and
fall of these civilizations.
 Course Outlines:
Study of ancient Civilizations in various parts of the world. A prominent emphasis
given to archaeological materials:* Rural economy *Food Surplus (cultivation and
Stock Breeding) *Hydraulic societies: *Water transport
* The Sailing –boat and
the wheel *City traits: * Invention of Writing *New directions of artistic expressions
*Religion *trade. *State society: Pristine states, Kingdoms and empires.
 Basic References:
1- Maisel,C.K.2003.Early Civilizations of the World ,Routledge,New York.
2- Peet,P.2005. Underground: The Disinformation Guide to Ancient Civilizations,
Astonishing Archaeology and Hidden History, the Disinformation Company.USA.
3- Scarre,C and D.M.Fagan.2007. Ancient Civilizations, Pearson Hall.USA.
4- Starr,C.G.1991.A History of the Ancient World, Oxford University Press.USA.
Course Title : Archaeology of Egypt I
Course Code :AHAR2102
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1- To allow students understand the dawn of the earliest Egyptian past.
2- To give students a firm socio-economic and technological background of the
Egyptian prehistoric era.
3- To shed lights on the cultural mechanisms that formed the Egyptian prehistoric
periods.
 Course Outlines:
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
9
This course introduces students to the early history of Egypt during prehistoric
era. * Survey of the geological background; *Potential for Quaternary. Studies of :
*Palaeolithic *Mesolithic *Neolithic cultural traditions :* Fayum ; *Mermida Bin
Salama ;* Helwan ; *Der Tasa Cultures ; in addition to explain the most important
cultures in the copper age (chalcolithic) in Egypt : *Badarian,*Naqada I,II,III ,*Maadi
Cultures.
 Basic References:
1- Shirai,N.2010. The Archaeology of the First Farmer-Herders in Egypt, Leiden
university press.Leiden.
2- Wengrow,D.2006. The Archaeology of Early Egypt, Cambridge University press
.London.
3- Wenke,R.J.2009.The Ancient Egyptian State: the Origins of Egyptian
culture(c.8000-2000B.C),Cambridge university press. London.
Course Title : Classification of Archaeological Finds I
Course Code :AHAR2103
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1- To recognize the features that establishes a hypothetical relationship for a group
of archaeological artifacts.
2- Enabling students to distinguish chance or accidental variations in archaeological
finds from significant ones resulting from change in material or technique.
3- Determining the norms in variable features of artifacts by collecting and
interpreting their shape and design.
 Course Outlines:
To study archaeological finds in both theoretical and practical aspects *Classification:
Its concept and definition. *Types of Classification * Shape: Symmetry , structure and
proportions *Design: Naturalistic, conventional, symbolic and abstract * Colour:
Munsell Soil Colour chart *Technology: Methods(s) of manufacture *Chronology:
Timeindex
*Statistics:
Appropriate
statistical
packages
(SAS,SPSS…etc).Archaeological artifacts , covering different cultural phases of
prehistoric and historic times provided. Archaeological artifacts covering different
cultural phases of prehistoric times provided.
 Basic References
1- Adams,W.Y and E.W.Adams.1991.Arhaeological Typology and Practical Reality,
Cambridge University Press. New York.
2- Orton,C.,Tyers,P. and A. Vince.1999.Pottery in Archaeology, Cambridge University
Press. New York.
3- Read,D.W. 2007. Artifact Classification, left Coast Press, USA.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
10
Course Title: History of Archaeological Research
Course Code:AHAR2104
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1- To know how archaeology has turned to become a science.
2- To have a firm background about achievements of the first archaeologists in the
world.
3- To gain a good information about the beginnings of museums.
 Course Outlines:
An outline of development of archaeology as a discipline, *to treat archaeological
material within the general framework of scientific research in various parts of the
World. *Antiquarianism in Europe (1797- 1867) * Birth of Museums and
Archaeological Societies * Explorers and the First excavators (Egypt, Mesopotamia,
Iran, Anatolia and America) * The Three Ages System and Diffusions * European and
American Archaeology * Archaeology in Africa and Asia.
 Basic References:
1- Renfrew,C.2005. Archaeology: the Key Concepts ,Routledge.USA, Canada..
2- Trigger,B.G.2006. History of Archaeological Thought, Cambridge University Press.
New York.
3- William ,H.S.1994. Uncovering the Past: A History of Archaeology, Oxford
University Press .New York.
Course Title : Man and Cultural Evolution I
Course Code :AHAR2105
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1- To study the biological evolution of Man and early homonids.
2- To familiarize students with the major divisions of human races and their spatiotemporal distribution on the earth.
3- To explain the diverse trends of human cultural evolution and its impact during
the passage of time.
 Course Outlines:
To cover the beginnings of Man in dealing with the nature concepts of cultural, social
behavior and evolution at its biological and cultural aspects. *Evolution of Primates
and early Homonids: *Homo habilis *Homo erectus *Homo sapiens *Homo sapiens
sapiens.*Fossil records of homonids:*Australopithecus(southern ape) *Jawa Man
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
11
*Peking Man *Neanderthal Man ..etc. *The three main divisions of human
races:*Negroes *Europeans *Mangoloids .
 Basic References:
1- Brian,R.2004. Human Evolution: a guide to the debates, California, USA.
2- Lewin,R.2009.Human Evolution: An Illustrated introduction, John Wiley and
Sons,USA.
3- Wood,B.2011. Encyclopedia of Human Evolution ,Welley-Black Well.USA.
Semester
II
Course Title : Archaeology of Sudan I
Course Code :AHAR2201
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1- To provide students with a general background of the earliest cultures in Sudan
since the first appearance of mankind right down to the Neolithic and postNeolithic periods
2- To assess the mechanisms that play significant roles in shaping prehistoric epochs
in Sudan.
 Course Outlines:
The course gives a background of the earliest archaeological material in Sudan.
*Lower Palaeolithic (Acheulean) *Middle Palaeolithic (Mousterian) * Upper
Paleolithic (Blade- tool) traditions. *Homonids at Singa Stone Age. *Mesolithic and
Neolithic cultures :*Early Khartoum *Khartoum Neolithic * Abkan *Khartoum Variant
*Nubian Culture Groups :A,B and C Groups *Tracing the development of activities
throughout these cultural stages. Interim reports of: *Settlement *Economy *
Religion * Handicrafts.
 Basic References:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lenoble, P.2000.Achaeologie au Soudan,lescivilisations de Nubie,Paris.
Renold,J.2008.LaNecropoleNolithiqued'ElKadada au Soudan Central,Paris.
Shinnie, P.L.1996. Ancient Nubia,Kgan Paul international. London.
Welsby,D. andJ.R.Anderson.2004.Sudan Ancient Treasures ,the British Museum
Press.London.
Course Title : Archaeology: Theory and Practice
Course Code :AHAR2202
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1- To explain how archaeological thought relates to theory in human science and
intellectual world.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
12
2- To give students an introduction to some of the strands of current thinking in
archaeological theory.
3- To allow students know how scientific theories developed within archaeology
over decades and how archaeological thought relates these theories in human
sciences and intellectual world generally.
 Course Outlines:
The course explains scientific theories having relationships with archaeological
practice.*Concepts and definition of Theories *The "New Archaeology" *
Archaeology as a science *Middle –range theory and ethnoarchaeology *Processual
and Interpretative Archaeologies *Archaeology and Gender * Archaeology and
Evolution * Archaeology and History * Archaeology in Post –modern World.
 Basic References:
1- Hodder,I.1992.Theory and Practice in Archaeology, Routledge, London.
2- Johnson,M.2010.Archaeological Theory :An introduction, Second Edition,WileyBlack Well.India.
3- Trigger,B.G.2002.A History of Archaeological Thought, Cambridge University
Press, USA.
Course Title : Classification of Archaeological Finds II
Course Code : AHAR 2203
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: AHAR 2103
 Course Objectives:
1- To direct attention to the human factor by making one think in terms of what
Man did and thus aids in the definition of taxonomic unit in terms of cultural
factors.
2- To place statistical methods in archaeological finds analysis and hence can answer
a problem objectively in terms of the data submitted.
 Course Outlines:
A continuation of a previous course:*Determination of geographic and chronologic
distribution of artifacts *Correlations: this includes chronological correlation by
means of index-types and correlations of stylistic features to study the sources and
relationships of well-established styles *Codification of artifact classes and statistical
manipulation.*Practical work is crucial.
 Basic References:
1- Hurcombe,L.2007. Archaeological Artifacts as material Cultures,Taylor and
Francis.
2- Odell ,G.H.2004.Lithic Analysis, Springer.New York.
3- Rice,P.M.2006. Pottery Analysis: A Source Book ,University of Chicago Press.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
13
Course Title : Dating Methods
Course Code : AHAR 2204
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1- To place archaeological sites and finds in proper chronological sequence.
2- To play a supporting role in historical periods, eliminating doubts and filling gaps
in historical framework.
3- To assess the ages of sites and finds.
 Course Outlines:
To apply chronological measures in archaeology, i.e relative: *Stratigraphy *Typology
*Seriation… etc .and absolute: *Radiocarbon *Potassium- Argon*Fission-Track
*Uranium Series *Thermoluminescence *Electron Spin Resonance *Protein and
Amino Acid Diagnosis *Obsidian Hydration *Archaeomagnetic *Surface Dating using
Rock Varnish and the difference between them.
 Basic References:
1- Aitken,M.J.1990.Science Based Dating in Archaeology ,Longman.USA.
2- Greene,K.and T.Moove.2010. Archaeology: An introduction .Routledge.London.
3- Jeffery,E.and S.Robert.1990.Archaeomagnetic Dating, the University of Arizona
Press.
4- Renfrew. and P.G.Bahn.2008.Archaeolgy:Theories Methods and Practice ,Thames
and Hudson. London
5- Taylor,R.E.and Aitken,M.J.1997.Chronometric Dating in Archaeology. Oxford
University Press. New York.
Course Title : Man and Cultural Evolution II
Course Code : AHAR 2205
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: AHAR 2105
 Course Objectives:
1- To show how specialized hunting and gathering marks a successful adaptation for
a variety of natural environment.
2- To explain the mechanisms through which domestication of fauna and flora had
taken place in Man's record.
3- To trace the impacts of food production economy on the developments of human
cultures.
 Course Outlines:
A continuation course. It also encompasses the early horizons and origins of food
production with regional focus on Africa:*Specialized hunting communities
*Specialization along the Nile *The nature of domestication *Beginning of Food
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
14
Production in the East.*Developments of stock and plant breeding in North-east
Africa *New Word domestication.
 Basic References:
1- Campbell,B.2009.Human Evolution
,fourth Edition ,Library of Congress
Catalog,USA.
2- Khanna, D.R.2004.Human Evolution ,Discovery publishing House ,New Dalhi,India.
3- Schiller,J.2010. Human Evolution: Neanderthals and homosapiens,Emilie M.
Smyth, USA.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
15
Third year
Semester
I
Course Title : Archaeology of Sudan II
Course Code :AHAR 3101
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: AHAR 2201
Course Objectives:
This complementary course aims to achieve the following :
1. To cast lights on the nature of varied cultures in Sudan during protohistoric and
historic periods.
2. To help students understand the reasons behind the flourishing and declining of
the early cultures that had seen the horizon in Sudan
3. To pinpoint the intellectual and technological achievements of Sudanese states
during the early historic periods.
4. To delineate the types of political relations between the early Sudanese states
and their counterparts in the old world. Visit to archaeological sites will be
provided.
 Course Outlines:
The course covers the study of Kerma Culture:* Location *Religious and *Domestic
premises *Burial customs, *Pottery,* Animal and human sacrifices..etc. Napata
Civilization:
,*25Dynasty
*
The
Egyptian
influence
*Religion*Architecture*Write.Meroe Civilization: * Architecture(Pyramids, Palaces,
Temples), *Religion * Invention of local writing *Sculpture *External Relations
*Economy *Post- Meroitic Cultures. *Ecological setting of Meroitic sites.
 Basic References:
1. Bonnet,C.1990, KermaRoyaume de Nubie,Geneva.
2. Edwards,D.2004. The Nubian Past, An archaeology of the
Sudan.Routledge.London and New york.
3. Welsby,D.1996.The Kingdom of Kush, the Napatan and Meroitic Empires, British
Museum press .London.
Course Title : Surveying and Excavation Techniques
Course Code :AHAR 3102
Credit Hours : 4
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
16
1. To acquaint students with the most recent scientific methods of surveying and
excavation of archaeological sites.
2. To explain the changes in settlement patterns , population and methods of
economics of archaeological sites.
3. To save a historical record of archaeological sites information for posterity.
 Course Outlines:
To deal with the various methods of basic techniques in surveying and excavations: *
Planning * Archaeological Team * Tools * Device *Maps and Charts. Study of
archaeological sites will be provided.
 Basic References:
1. Barker,P.1993. Techniques of Archaeological excavations, Taylor and
Francis.London.
2. Droop,J.P.2010.Archaeological Excavation, Cambridge University Press. New York
3. Hester,T.R,Shafer,H.J.and K.L.Feder.2009.Field Methods in Archaeology, Left
Coast Press, California.
4. Roskams,S.2002.Excavation, Cambridgee University Press. New York.
Course Title : Africa Old Stone Age
Course Code :AHAR 3103
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1. To study remains of early homonids and ancestors of mankind.
2. To see how early Man was able to solve past problems, both in making stone
tools and in taking them to their place of use.
3. To cast light on the ways adopted by early Man to cope with his environment.
 Course Outlines
Africa as a cradle of Mankind.* The earliest homonids (Australopithecines and Homo
erectus) * Subsistence economy * Fire discovery *Art *Religion. *Early stone Age: *
Oldowan * Acheulean* Fauresmith *Sangoan industries. *Middle Palaeolithic:
Levallois-Mousterian *mousterian –Aterian industries. Upper Palaeolithic and EpiPalaeolithic: *Blade-tool industries.
 Basic References:
1. Meredith,M.2012. Born in Africa, the Quest for the Origins of the human life
,Simon and Schuster limited.
2. Phillipson,D.W.2005.African Archaeology ,Third Edition, Cambridge University
Press. New York.
3. Potts,R.2011.Hominid activities al Olduvai, Library of Congress, USA.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
17
Course Title : Archaeology of Egypt II
Course Code :AHAR 3104
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course:AHAR 2102
 Course Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Upon the completion of this course students will be acquainted with:
The land of ancient Egypt; its people and its natural resources.
The discovery of the archaic period.
The presence of the monarchy and the authocratic state.
The architecture and building traditions.
The developments of arts and social life.
 Course Outlines:
The course aims at the study of ancient Egyptian civilization *The land and its
resources *Egyptology ancient and modern *The foundations and nature of Egyptian
archaeology *The archaic period *The Old Kingdom *Pyramid building *The nature of
the autoratic state. Statuary *The Middle Kingdom *The Hyksos period and the
beginning of the New Kingdom.
 Basic References:
1. Brewer,D.T.2012. The Archaeology of Ancient Egypt Beyond Pharaohs. Cambridge
University Press. London.
2. Edwards,I.E.S.1992.The Pyramids of Egypt, Penguin Books. NewYork
3. Emery,W.B.1995.Egypt in Nubia, Hutchinson ,London.
4. James,T.G.H.1992.The archaeology of Ancient Egypt,theBodley Head Ltd .London.
5. Wendrich,W.2010. Egyptian Archaeology ,Wiley –Black Well,5 Edition.USA.
6. Wilkinson,T.2007.Lives of the ancient Egyptians :Pharohs, Queens, Thames and
Hudson limited.
Course Title : Introduction to Museology
Course Code :AHAR 3105
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1. To provide a theoretical background about the museum origins,ideologies
,changing philosophies and current practices.
2. To give the necessary knowledge and functions of museums in their broader
social and cultural contexts.
3. To show how the archaeological museum data-base be collected , transmitted,
shared and compared.
 Course Outlines
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
18
The course covers aspects of museology and museography *Museum Defined
*History of museums *Museum and museum fields *Collecting ,theory and practice
*Archaeology museum .Ethnography field work and collection.*Data base collection
*Use and transmission of data as curatorial tool. Visits to the museums will be
provided.
 Basic References:
1. Alexander ,E.P.and M.Alexander.2008.Museums in Motion: An Introduction to
the History and Functions of Museums, RowmonAltamira.USA.
2. Ambrose,T. and C.Paine.2006.Museum Basics, Taylor and Francis. Canada.
3. Pearce,S.M.1992.Museums,Objects and Collection: A Cultural Study,Leicester
University Press.Washington.
4. MacDonald,S.2010. A Companion to Museum Studies, John Wiley and Sons.
Washington.
Semester II
Course Title : Field Recording and Sites Interpretation
Course Code :AHAR 3201
Credit Hours : 4
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1. To break down the conceptual division between sites and landscapes.
2. To acquaint students with the valid questions that should be asked to place an
individual site in its historical and natural environment.
3. To cast light on the analyses designed to elucidate economic and social
developments within which individual sites operated.
 Course Outlines
The course covers various methods of archaeological data collection and recording *
Writing of diaries *Finding register*Plan * Profile drawing *Photographic techniques
as means of recording.
 Basic References:
1. Drewett,P.1999. Field Archaeology: AnIntroduction.Routledge.London.
2. Hester,T.R.;H.J.Shafer and K.L.Feder.2009. Field Methods in Archaeology, Left
Coast Press.California.
3. Wilkinson,P. 2007. Archaeology : What it is ,Where it is, and how to do it,
Archaeo-ppress. London
Course Title : Archaeology of Egypt III
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
19
Course Code :AHAR 3202
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course:AHAR 2104
 Course Objectives:
When students complete this course they will be able to know:
1. How and why Egypt became an imperial power.
2. The development of arts and crafts, architecture and religion.
3. Egypt foreign relations.
4. The late period of civilization in Ancient Egypt.
 Course Outlines:
A continuation course * The New Kingdom *Statuary (religious , royal and secular)
*Temple and tomb building *Egypt as an imperial Power *Egypt and Nubia *Karnak
and Luxor temples *Development of religion and regions revolution *The late period
*Selected topics related to the Egyptian civilization.
 Basic References:
1. Brewer,D.J.andE.Teeter.2007.Egypt and the Egyptians, Cambridge Universty
Press. New York.
2. Hawass,Z.2004.The Golden King. The American University Press ,Cairo.
3. Kemp,J.B. 2006.Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization ,Routldge. Canada.
4. Robins,G. 2008.The Art of Ancient Egypt, Harvard University Press. London.
Course Title : Archaeology of Middle East
Course Code :AHAR 3203
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1. To offer a clear insight into the prehistory, protohistory and historic epochs of the
Middle East.
2. To provide a balanced and reasonably comprehensive account of the most
significant results of fieldwork in the Middle East.
 Course Outlines
To outline Middle Eastern Archaeology during prehistoric and historic epochs
(5000-500 B.C). Arabian Peninsula ;*Sites and UrabanCentres:Obeid,Ula,
Khuraiba,Fau and Najran (Saudi Arabia); Haili ,Ramila, Qasis, Maliha (United Arab
Emirates); Delmon (Bahrain and Kuwait); Ras al –Junayz , RasHamra , Bat and Amla
(Oman Sultante); Khor , Waseel, Zerga, Dassa (Qatar).
 Basic References:
1. Bourke,S. 2006.The Middle East :the Cradle of Civilizations, Thames and Hudson.
2. Pollock,S.and R. Bernbeck.2009. Archaeologies of The Middle East: Critical
Perspectives, Wiley. NewYork.
3. Rice,M.1994.The Archaeology of the Arabian Gulf ,Routledge .London.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
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Course Title:Archaeological Tourism
Course Code :AHAR 3204
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1. To promote diversity and appreciate the universal cultures and believes.
2. To arouse the public interests in archaeology and the conservation of
archaeological sites.
3. To direct attention to the economic benefits of this form of cultural tourism.
 Course Outlines:
To deal with the concept of tourism and tourist. *Its evolution and history
* Types of tourism.* Sites of archaeological and touristic importance. The role of
tourism in sustainable development. In addition to teach students *Main principles
to guide tourist groups : *Communications skills, *Hospitality ..etc.
 Basic References:
1. Davidson,R.1992. Tourism Industry, London.
2. Davidson.R1992. The Tourism and the Tourist, London.
3. Goeldner,C. and R.J.R. Ritchie. 2006.Toursim: Principles, Practices, philosophies.
Tenth Edition,John Wiley and Sons.USA.
4. Richards,G. and W. Munsters. 2010. Cultural Tourism Research
Methods.CABIBookshop.USA.
Course Title : Europe Stone Ages
Course Code :AHAR 3205
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course :None
 Course Objectives:
1. To familiarize students with the time-index of the first human occupation of
Europe.
2. To provide a coherent picture about the nature and the spatio-temporal
distribution of palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic sites.
3. To show how prehistoric inhabitants of Europe adapted their life to the
environmental conditions prevailing then.
 Course Outlines
To main outline of cultural evidence through Palaeolithicright down to Neolithic
period. *Spatial distribution of Pleistocene sites. *Subsistence economy of
Palaeolithicinhabitants(Homo erctus and homo sapiens). * Early Palaeolithic
industries (Isernia and StranskaSakala) : * Middle Palaeolithic tool-kits (Mousterian).
*Upper Palaeolithic industries: *Perigordian *Aurigancian *Gravettian *Solutrean
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
21
*Magdalenian. *Mesolithic cultures(9000-7000B.C): *Settlement *Subsistence
economy *Technology *Population and society. *General modes for the process of
culture change.*Neolithic cultures (after 7000 -4000 B.C.) : *Three main regions of
distinctive Neolithic draught across Europe * South- East the continent *Hungarian
plains *Mediterranean littoral *Settlement *Economy *Technology *Specialized
activity sites *Social organization. Other parts of the Old World to be cited as
examples of comparisons.
 Basic References:
1. Cunlittle,B.1994. The Oxford Illustrated Prehistory of Europe. Oxford University
Press. London.
2. Gamble,C.1999. The Palaeolithic Societies of Europe, Cambridge University Press.
New York
3. Hoffecker,J.H.2002. Desolate Landscapes Ice –Age settlement in Eastern Europe,
Rutgers University Press. USA.
4. Milisauskas,S.2002.European Prehistory A Survey. Springer. New York.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
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Fourth year
Semester
I
Course Title : Archaeology of Sudan III
Course Code :AHAR4101
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: AHAR 3101
 Course Objectives:
1. To provide students with a background of the advent of Christianity to Sudan.
2. To highlight the factors behind the rise and fall of the Christian kingdoms in Sudan
and their internal and external relations.
3. To have a basic knowledge of the stages of islamization in Sudan.
4. To understand the various factors that influence the emergence and decline of
the Islamic kingdom in Sudan and their internal and external ties.
5. To demonstrate knowledge of different archaeological cultures during the
medieval period(Christian and Islamic eras) of Sudan.
 Course outlines:
*Introduction of Christianity in Sudan *Christian Kingdoms * The relationship
between Christian Sudan and contemporary Egypt *Christian material culture:
Churches , domestic and military premises, cemeteries and portable finds
*Introduction of Islam in Sudan .*Stages of Islamization *Islamic Kingdoms in
Sudan *Islamic material culture: Mosques ,domestic and military premises,
cemeteries and portable finds. Visit to archaeological sites will be provided.
 Basic References:
1. Adams W.Y.2001. MeinartiII,the Early and Classic Christian Phases.Archaeopress.London.
2. Adams, W.Y.2002.Meinarti III, The Late and Terminal Christian Phases,Archaeopress.London.
3. Al-Sadig,S.O.2004.The Domed Tombs of Eastern Sudan, AZZA P.H.Khartoum.
4. Elzein,I.S.2004.Islamic Archaeology in Sudan, the BasingtokePress,England.
5. Welsby ,D.A.2002. The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia,Pagans,Christian and
Muslims along the Middle Nile, British Museum press. London.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
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Course Title : Islamic Archaeology
Course Code :AHAR4101
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1. To trace formation and development of Islamic culture and discover its essence.
2. To show how archaeological research be more fully integrated into wider
historical study of the Islamic world.
3. To avail an opportunity to address historical questions from complementary
textual and archaeological evidence.
 Course outlines:
*Definition and importance *Impact of Islamic rules on Islamic art *City planning
*Religious architecture :mosques ,arbitakhangawat, khalwa,takiya and zawia ,*Civil
architecture: schools, khans, markets, hospitals, routes and roads *Military premises:
forts ,walls and gates *Water supply and installation: reservoirs, drinking-fountains
and water-measurements *Industries: carpets, weaving, tanning, metal, glass, ivory,
wood, coins and paper-works.
 Basic References:
1. Bloom,J.M.and S. Blairm.1997.Islamic Arts ,Phaidon Press. New York.
2. Hattstein , M. and P. Delias. 2000.Islamic Art and Architectur. Konemann.USA.
3. O'Kane ,D.2007.Treasures of Islam Artistic Glories of the Muslim
World,DuncanDaird.London.
4. Petruccioli ,A and K.Pirani,2002, Understanding Islamic Archaeology ,Routldge
.CaudaRoutldgeCurzan.USA.
Course Title : Archaeological Reporting
Course Code :AHAR4103
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1. To give a clear picture about the precise location of the site, with national grid
reference and name of the district in which it is located.
2. To enhance students about circumstances of archaeological discovery, reasons of
surveying and excavation and previous work on the site.
3. To document the history of the site and the condition in which it has been left.
 Course outlines:
Theoretical and practical aspects of how to write an archaeological report including
survey and excavation under supervision. The body of an archaeological report: *The
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
24
illustrations (maps, plans and sections), reconstructions and objects drawing). The
text: Preparation of illustrations : *descriptions of finds. Specialists reports: *
Treatment of folklore *Interim reports. The final stage : *Arrangement and contents
lists * Editorial alterations *Correcting proofs, *The date of publications and prints.
 Basic References:
1. Gesellschaft , D.2003. Recommendation on Excavations, John and Sons.
Germany.
2. Hester,T.R.Shafer,H.J.and K.L.Feder.2009. Field Methods in Archaeology, Left
Coast Press.California.
3. Zimmorman,L.J.2003.Presenting the past ,RowmanAltamira.USA.
Course Title : Egyptian Hieroglyphics I
Course Code :AHAR4104
Credit Hours : 4
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course outlines:
1. It gives a historical background to the emergence of ancient Egyptian language.
2. It enables students to read the alphapts and understand the basic grammar of the
ancient Egyptian language
 Course Objectives:
Introductory course to the ancient Egyptian language .Rosetta Stone and the
deciphering of the Hieroglyphic language *The Stages of the language *The Alphabet
and transliteration *Ideograms and Determinatives *Verbal and non-verbal
sentences *Bilateral signs *Dependent pronouns *Predication *Trilateral signs
*Dependent pronouns *Adjectives *Vocabulary and practical exercises.
 Basic References:
1. Allen ,J.P.2010.Middle Egyptian: An introduction to the Language and Culture of
Hieroglyph. Cambridge University Press .New York
2. Gardiner,A.1969.Egyptian Grammar, Oxford, Institat. Ashmolean Museum.
3. Nichols,C.E.2008. Egyptian Hieroglyphic to English Dictionary, Charles
Nichols.London.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
25
Course Title : Research Methods
Course Code :AHAR4105
Credit Hours : 4
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1- To acquaint students with the criteria of research problems , methods of analyses
and selection of appropriate methodology.
2- To identify priority problems and designs and evaluates policies and programmes
of scientific research.
3- To familiarize students with new knowledge and technologies of research
methodologies.
 Course outlines:
To familiarize students with new knowledge and technologies of research
The course deals with the scientific methodology of writing research:*Descriptive *
Historical *Analytic Methods..etc. *Documentation *Reporting and publications. This
course is a brief overview about research design that is intended to cover the basics
of designing and implementing a scientific study. *Research proposal * Sampling *
Questionnaire *Personal interview.
 Basic References:
1. Cohen,L.; Keith ,L.M.and R.B. Morrison. 2007.Reasarch Methods in Education .
RoutledgeFalmer.New York.
2. Goddard,W.andS.Melville. 2007. Research Methodology: An introduction, Juta
and Co.Ltd. Southern Africa.
3. Walliman,N. 2011.Research Methods: the basics, Routledge. Canada.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
26
Semester
II
Course Title : Egyptian Hieroglyphics II
Course Code :AHAR4201
Credit Hours : 4
Prerequisite Course: AHAR 4104
 Course Objectives:
1. To enable students read and write hieroglyphs and the languages of ancient
Egypt.
2. To give firm basis on which you build if you later move on to study other genres
of the texts which survive from ancient Egypt.
 Course outlines:
A continuation course *Particulars of hieroglyphs writing *Independent pronouns
*Word order *The SDM.N.F verb form *Nouns and adjectives syntax of Nouns and
pronouns *Writing of names *The titular and other designation of the Kings names
*Numbering and digit writings *Vocabulary and practical exercises and readings.
 Basic References:
1. Kamrin,J.2010. Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs.Lulu press.
2. Roeder,C.2002. Egyptian Hieroglyphic Grammar, HumpheryMilford.USA.
3. Roeder,C.2010. Short Egyptian Grammar, Read Books Desgn.USA.
Course Title : Meroitic Language
Course Code :AHAR4202
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1. To familiarize students with the background of Meroitic civilization that led to the
invention of native writing.
2. To provide students with the alphabets and the various levels of Meroitic reading
and writing.
 Course Outlines:
An introduction to the Meroitic script and its development *Historical background to
the languages of Ancient Sudan *The relationship between Egyptian hieroglyphs and
Meroitic language *the alphabets with which Meroitic was depicted *Efforts to
decipher Meroitic language *Our present knowledge of Meroitic grammar and
meanings some scripts.
 Basic References:
1. Abdella ,A.M.1974.Studies in Ancient Languages of Sudan,Khartoum University
Press.Khartoum
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
27
2. Abdell,A.M.1986.TheMeroitic language (in Arabic),king Saud University
Press.Riyadh.
3. Caude,R. and A.Voogt.2012.The Meroitic Language and writing system,
Cambridge University Press. New York
4. Griffth,F.L.2010.Karanog:TheMeroitic inscriptions of Shablul and Karanng
,BiblioBazaan.
Course Title : Neolithic Cultures in Africa and Asia
Course Code :AHAR4203
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1. To understand the theories of the origins of stock-raising and cultivated plants in
the old world.
2. To decipher the implications both of the inventions of farming and animals
domestication in Africa and Asia.
3. To highlight modes of food production as a prerequisite for settled way life and
urbanization.
 Course Outlines:
It deals with aspects of origin and development of Neolithic economy. It includes
*A chronological survey of Neolithic cultures with *Interrelationships with reference
to food producing communities.
*To study examples of the more important cultures during the Neolithic era in Africa
and Asia ,with reference to the emergence of : *Religious believes *Arts *Pottery
industries … etc.
 Basic References:
1. Cauvin,J.2000. The Birth of gods and the Origins of Agriculture, Cambridge
University Press. London.
2. Maisel,C.K.1993. The Emergence of Civilization: From Hunting and Gathering to
Agriculture cities and the State of the Near East.Routledge.USA .
3. Simmons,A.H.2011.The Neolithic Revolution in the Near East :transforming the
Human Landscape, University of Arizona.USA.
4. Winks,R.W. and S. P.Parkes.2004.The Ancient Mediterranean World: From the
Stone age to A .D.600.Oxford University Press.USA.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
28
Course Title : Physical Anthropology and Osteology:
Course Code :AHAR4204
Credit Hours : 4
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1. To constitute evidence for racial classifications.
2. To form major source of information an ancient diet, medicine and gives clues to
the cause of death.
3. It enables students to conduct comparisons of ancient peoples with the present
living descendants.
 Course Outlines:
It deals with biological aspects of Man : *Bones and skeleton (modern Man and
hominids) *Nature and preservation of bones *Techniques of measuring and
analyzing human bones and material from sites
* Identification of human
bones compared with animal ones. *Significance and analysis of evidence from
animal bones *Sex differentiation from bones *Race differentiation from bones.
 Basic References:
1. Robert,C.andK.Manchestar .2007.The Archaeology of Disease, Cornell University
Press.United Kingdom.
2. White,T.D.and P. A.Folkens.2005.Human Bone: Manual, Elsevier Academic
Press,USA.
3. White,T. D;Black,T.M.and P. A.Folkens.2012.Human Osteoleogy,ThirdEdition.USA.
Course Title : Research Paper
Course Code :AHAR4205
Credit Hours : 4
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1. To assist students in designing a clear research plan for data collection and
processing.
2. To enable students organize the proposed research in a rigorous scientific format.
 Course Outlines:
An individual research work on a topic in archaeology to be carried by each student.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
29
Fifth year
Semester
I
Course Title : Art and Architecture in Archaeology
Course Code : AHAR 5101
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives:
1. To make students familiar with ancient art and architecture, seeing them as
images, objects and relics of historic importance.
2. To show the relationship between art, architecture and culture in terms of
information and changing trends.
3. To explain the role of art as a way of accessing cultural participation and
influencing and shaping values and beliefs of society.
 Course Outlines
It deals with aspects of ancient art and architecture. *Rock drawing * Wall paintings
(Fresco), * Ceramics. * Civil and religious architecture * History and development
*Local and foreign elements * Environmental elements.
 Basic References:
1. Collon,D.1995.Ancient Near Eastern Art, University of California Press.California.
2. Frankfort,H.1996.The Art and Architecture of the ancient Orient, Fifth edition,Yale
University Press.London.
3. Kleiner,F.S.2009.Gardner's Art Through the Ages :A Global History.
CengageLearning.USA
4. Winter,I.;Cheng,J.and M .H.Feldman.2007. ancient Near Eastern Art in Context:
studies in Honor of Irene J.Winter,Brill.USA.
Course Title : Archaeological Heritage Management
Course Code :AHAR5102
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives
1. To enlighten students with conservation of archaeological sites artefacts versus
natural and cultural hazards.
2. To cope with legislation of ancient sites.
 Course Outlines
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
30
To deal with: *Concept of Heritage *Types of Heritage :natural and cultural *Heritage
outstanding value *Cultural Resources Management (CRM) *Protection Policies of
archaeological Heritage *Methods and techniques devised for managing the salvage
of cultural Heritage *Examples of Sudanese and foreign practices of archaeological
Heritage Management will be provided.
 Basic References:
1. Cleere,H.2005.Archaeological Heritage Management in the Modern
World,Routledge.USA and Canada.
2. Mcmanamon ,F.P.;Stout.A. and J.A.Barnes.2008.Managing Archaeological
Resources, Left Coast Press.USA.
Course Title : Selected Topics in Archaeology
Course Code :AHAR5103
Credit Hours :3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives
1. To enable students explore different levels of ancient civilizations.
2. To help students maintain concurrency with the most recent discoveries of
ancient civilizations.
 Course Outlines
The course comprises selected topics covering various aspects of ancient civilizations.
*Urban development *Language development *Administrative system *Social
system *Local and foreign elements that constituted civilizations.
 Basic References:
1. Godlewski W and Lajtar,A.2008.Between the Cataracts ,part one. Warsaw
University Press .warsaw.
2. Staniforth,M. and Nash,M.2008.Maritime Archaeology. Springer.USA.
3. Welsby,D. andJ.R.Anderson.2004.Sudan Ancient Treasures, the British Museum
Press. London.
Course Title : Advanced Egyptian Hieroglyphics I
Course Code :AHAR5104
Credit Hours : 4
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives
1. It permits students understand how ancient Egyptians composed names and
terms for the elements of their own world.
2. It helps students perform practical readings and advanced exercises in various
ancient Egyptian texts.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
31
 Course Outlines
A continuation course *Syntax of adjectives *Negation *Existential sentences
Expressing Possession *Sentences with adverbial predicate *Nominal and
pronominal predicate *Adjective predicate *Vocabulary *Exercises *Practical
reading.
 Basic References:
1. Gardiner,A.1969.Egyptian Grammar, Oxford, Institat . Ashmolean Museum.
2. Kamrin,J.2004. Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs .Cambridge University Press.
3. Roeder,C.2002. Egyptian Hieroglyphic Grammar. HumpheryMilford.USA.
Course Title : Archaeology of Mesopotamia
Course Code :AHAR5105
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives
1-To allow students get acquainted with the role played by Mesopotamia in the map
of human civilization.
2-To enhance students with the intellectual and technological aspects of
Mesopotamian civilization as reflected in its archaeological heritage.
 Course Outlines
The course deals with : *Uruk, *Sumerian * Babylonian Cultures. *Dynastic period
and the rise of
new empires. Archaeological material to be included:
*Architectures,*Sculptures,*Domestic *Cult *Objects, Methods of calculations:
*Lexical documents.* Arts *Jewelry *Ornaments *Pottery.
 Basic References
1- Bentiman,S.2003. Life in Ancient Mesopotamia, Oxford university press. NewYork.
2- Mclntosh,J.R.2005. Ancient Mesopotamia ,United states of America, Library of
Congress.USA.
3- Nardo,D.2000.Empires of Mesopotamia, Lucent Book.
4- Postgate,J.N.1994. Early Mesopotamia: society and Economy at the Dawn of
History. Routledge, New York.
Semester
II
Course Title : Current Research in African Archaeology
Course Code :AHAR 5201
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
32
 Course Objectives
1. To maintain concurrency with the most recent discoveries and developments in
African archaeology.
2. To set right the misconceptions pertinent to working theories in African
archaeology.
 Course Outlines
The course deals with : *On-going research relevant to African Archaeology. *Visiting
Foreign archaeologists as well as Sudanese archaeologists to be invited to present
lectures.
 Basic References
1. Magnavita,S. and P.Breeunig.2012.Journal of African
Archaeology,Vol.10,Garmany.
2. Welsby,D.2010.Sudan and Nubia,Bulletin No.14.British Museum, London.
3. Welsby,D.2011.Sudan and Nubia,Bulletin No.15.British Museum ,London.
Course Title : Advanced Egyptian Hieroglyphics II
Course Code :AHAR5202
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: AHAR 5204
 Course Objectives
1. It explores the different levels of Egyptian hieroglyphs.
2. It casts lights on purposes of varied scripts(formal, religious, and historical on one
hand and legal documents and record of businesstronscation on the other one)
 Course Outlines
A continuation course *Further grammatical study *Anticipatory emphasis
*Prepositions *Subordinate clauses *Noun clauses *Relative clauses *Adverbs and
adverbial clauses*The formula of offering employed in the funerary cult *Selected
reading texts *Vocabulary and practical exercises.
 Basic References
1. Gardiner,A.1969.Egyptian Grammar. Oxford, Institat,Ashmolean Museum.
2. .Kamrin,J.2004. Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs.Cambridge University Press.London
3. Roeder,C.2002. Egyptian Hieroglyphic Grammar, Humphery Milford.
Course Title: Advanced Museology
Course Code :AHAR5203
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
33
 Course Objectives
1. To contribute to the understanding of museum registration, cataloguing,
conservation and management.
2. To provide a professional understanding of the educational role of museum as a
rich source of knowledge about society and people.
 Course Outlines
The course to deal with the role of the archaeological museum as a research
institution *Registration and cataloging *Care of collections *Art museums *Science
Museum *Organization and support *Museum building.
The course includes collection management *Storage system *Interpretation
*Educational activities *Permanent ,temporary and travelling exhibitions *Museums
todays *Practical matters.
 Basic References
1. Cuno ,J.2012.Museums Matter: in praise of the Encyclopedic Museum, University
of Chicago Press. London
2. Failk,J.H. and L. D.Dierking.1992.The Museum Experience, Howell House.
Washington.
3. Genoways,H.and L.M.Ireland.2003. Museum Administration: An Introduction
,RowmenAltamra.USA.
4. Greenhill,E.H.1994.Museums and their Visitors ,Roultedge .Canada
Course Title : Archaeological Texts in Foreign Language
Course Code :AHAR5204
Credit Hours : 3
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives
1. To integrate students with the archaeological literature which has been widely
disseminated across the global community in foreign languages.
2. To help students acquiring sound knowledge of the main foreign languages
through which archaeological record is documented.
 Course Outlines
*The course to deal with important archaeological issues in foreign languages
(English, French, German…etc).*the selected texts include: *Art *Architecture *Cults
*Political *Economic *Social aspects of life.*the importance of the course is to
improve the standard of students in the foreign languages and terminology of
archaeological literature.
 Basic References
1. Kormysheva,E.2006.Gods and Divine Symbols of the ancient Sudanese civilization
,Institute of Oriental Studies.USA.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
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2. Welsby,D.A.and J.R.Anderson.2004.Sudan Ancient Treasures, The British Museum
Press. London.
Course Title : Research Paper
Course Code :AHAR5205
Credit Hours :4
Prerequisite Course: None
 Course Objectives
1. To enable students develop scientific writing and formating skills.
2. To help students implement the scientific methodology in writing their research
proposals and dissertations.
 Course Outlines
Each student to carry out an individual research project that must be based on
source material, e.g., fieldwork or archaeological material from the Museums or from
textual source.
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (AHAR)
35