A P CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS
2014/2015
(Based on 3 lectures per week; 2 lab session per week)
Text: Chemistry, 7th edition Zumdahl © 2007
Chapter 1: Chemical Foundations (2 lectures)
An overview
Scientific method
Units of measurement
Uncertainty of measurement
Significant figures and calculations
Dimensional analysis
Temperature
Density
Classification of matter
Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions (3 lectures)
Early history of chemistry
Fundamental chemical laws
Dalton’s atomic theory
Early experiments to characterize the atom
Modern view of atomic structure
Molecules and ions
Introduction to the periodic table
Naming simple compounds
TEST – TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, chapters 1 & 2
Chapter 3: Stoichiometry (3 lectures)
Atomic masses
The mole
Molar mass
Percent composition of compounds
Determining the formula of compounds
Chemical equations
Balancing chemical equations
Stoichiometric calculations: amounts of reactants and products
Calculations involving a limiting reagent
TEST – FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, chapter 3
Chapter 4: Types of Chemical Reactions and Solutions Stoichiometry (5 lectures)
Water, the common solvent
The nature of aqueous solutions: strong and weak electrolytes
The composition of solutions
Types of chemical reactions
Precipitation reactions
Describing reactions in solutions
Stoichiometry of precipitation reactions
Acid-base reactions
Oxidation-reduction reactions
Balancing oxidation-reduction equations
TEST – FRIDAY, OCTOBER 3, chapter 4
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Chapter 5: Gases (4 lectures)
Pressure
The gas laws of Boyle, Charles, and Avogadro
The ideal gas law
Gas stoichiometry
Dalton’s law of partial pressures
The Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) of gases
Effusion and diffusion
Real gases
Chemistry in the atmosphere
TEST – THURSDAY , OCTOBER 16, chapter 5
Chapter 6: Thermochemistry (3 lectures)
The nature of energy
Enthalpy and calorimetry
Hess’ Law
Standard enthalpies of formation
Present sources of energy
New energy sources
TEST – TUESDAY, OCTOBER 28, chapter 6
Chapter 7: Atomic Structure and Periodicity (6 lectures)
Electromagnetic radiation
The nature of matter
The atomic spectrum of hydrogen
The Bohr model
The quantum mechanical model of the atom
Quantum numbers
Orbital shapes and energies
Electron spin and the Pauli principle
Polyelectronic atoms
The history of the Periodic Table
The Aufbau Principle and the Periodic Table
Periodic trends in atomic properties
The properties of a group: the alkali metals
TEST – WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 12, chapter 7
Chapter 8: Bonding: General Concepts (4 lectures)
Types of Chemical Bonds
Electronegativity
Bond polarity and dipole moments
Ions: electron configurations and sizes
Formation of binary ionic compounds
Partial ionic character of covalent bonds
The covalent chemical bond: a model
Covalent bond energies and chemical reactions
The localized electron bonding model
Lewis structures
Exceptions to the Octet Rule
Resonance
Molecular structure: the VSEPR model
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Chapter 9: Covalent Bonding: Orbitals (3 lectures)
Hybridization and the localized electron model
The molecular orbital model
Bonding in homonuclear diatomic molecules
Bonding in heteronuclear diatomic molecules
Combining the localized electron and molecular orbital model
TEST – TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 25, chapters 8 & 9
Chapter 10: Liquids and Solids (4 lectures)
Intermolecular forces
The liquid state
Intro to structures and types of solids
Structure and bonding in metals
Carbon and silicon: network atomic solids
Molecular solids
Ionic solids
Vapor pressure and changes of state
Phase diagrams
TEST – TUESDAY, DECEMBER 9, chapter 10
Chapter 11: Properties of Solutions (4 lectures)
Solution composition
The energies of solution formation
Factors affecting solubility
The vapor pressures of solutions
Boiling-point elevation and freezing-point depression
Osmotic pressure
Colligative properties of electrolye solutions
Colloids
TEST – FRIDAY, DECEMBER 19, chapter11
Chapter 12: Chemical Kinetics (4 lectures)
Reaction rates
Rate laws: an introduction
Determining the form of the rate law
The integrated rate law
Rate laws: a summary
Reaction mechanisms
A model for chemical kinetics
Catalysis
TEST – TUESDAY, JANUARY 7 – chapter 12
Chapter 13: Chemical Equilibrium (4 lectures)
The equilibrium condition
The equilibrium constant
Equilibrium expressions involving pressures
Heterogeneous equilibria
Applications of the equilibrium constant
Solving equilibrium problems
Le Chatelier’s Principle
TEST – FRIDAY, JANUARY 16, chapter 13
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Chapter 14: Acids and Bases (4 lectures)
The nature of acids and bases
Acid strength
The pH scale
Calculating pH of strong and weak acid solutions
Bases
Polyprotic acids
Acid-base properties of salts
The effect of structure on acid-base properties
Acid-base properties of oxides
The Lewis acid-base model
TEST – WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 28, chapter 14
Chapter 15: Applications of Aqueous Equilibria (5 lectures)
Solutions of acids or bases containing a common ion
Buffered solutions & Buffer capacity
Titrations and pH curves
Acid-base indicators
Solubility equilibria and the solubility product
Precipitation and qualitative analysis
Equilibria involving complex ions
TEST – FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 13, chapter 15
Chapter 16: Spontaneity, Entropy, and Free Energy (4 lectures)
Spontaneous processes and entropy
Entropy and the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
The effect of temperature on spontaneity
Free energy
Entropy changes in chemical reactions
The dependence of free energy on pressure
Free energy and equilibrium; free energy and work
TEST – WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 25, chapter 16
Chapter 17: Electrochemistry (4 lectures)
Galvanic cells
Standard reduction potentials
Cell potential, electrical work, and free energy
Dependence of cell potential on concentration
Batteries / Corrosion
Electrolysis & commercial electrolytic processes
TEST – THURSDAY, MARCH 12, chapter 17
Chapter 21: Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry (3 lectures)
The transition metals: a survey
First-row transition metals
Coordination compounds & Isomerism
Bonding in complex ions: the localized electron model
The Crystal Field model
The biological importance of coordination complexes
Metallurgy and iron and steel production
TEST – FRIDAY, MARCH 21, chapter 21
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Optional:(depending on time)
Chapter 18: The Nucleus: a Chemist’s View
Nuclear stability and radioactive decay
The kinetics of radioactive decay
Nuclear transformations
Detection and uses of radioactivity
Thermodynamic stability of the nucleus
Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion and effects of radiation
Chapters 19 & 20: The Representative Elements (6 lectures)
A survey of the representative elements
Group 1A elements & hydrogen
Group 2A elements
Group 3A elements
Group 4A elements
Group 5A elements
Chemistry of nitrogen & chemistry of phosphorus
Group 6A elements
Chemistry of oxygen & chemistry of sulfur
Group 7A elements
Group 8A elements
Chapter 22: Organic Chemistry
Alkanes. alkenes & alkynes
Aromatic hydrocarbons
The petrochemical industry
Hydrocarbon derivatives
Polymers & the polymer industry
NATIONAL AP CHEMISTRY EXAM – MONDAY, MAY 4, 2015
KANE HIGH SCHOOL FINAL EXAM – WEDNESDAY, MAY 6
Rest of time in class devoted to labs
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