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Table of Contents Executive Summary ...........................................................................................................................4 Optimize SQL Server for Private Cloud........................................................................................4 Resource Pooling ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 Discover Database Sprawl ................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Determine Consolidation Options ................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Perform Physical to Virtual Migration ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 Virtualize and Manage Instances .................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Elasticity ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Set Up Clustering for Fast Recovery .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Upgrade Host with Minimum Downtime .................................................................................................................................................... 9 Increase Virtual Machine Density ................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Load Balance Virtual Machines ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Self Service....................................................................................................................................................................10 Create Virtual Machine Templates ............................................................................................................................................................... 10 Build Automation ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10 Control and Customize ............................................................................................................................................11 Measure Usage and Charge-Back Data ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 Manage the Private Cloud ............................................................................................................................................................................... 12 HP Database Consolidation Solution ......................................................................................... 12 Characteristics .............................................................................................................................................................12 High Availability ..........................................................................................................................................................13 Management Stack....................................................................................................................................................13 Design Requirements ...............................................................................................................................................14 For More Information ...............................................................................................................................................14 References ......................................................................................................................................... 15 3 Executive Summary HP and Microsoft® have partnered together for more than 25 years to drive deeper technology integration and innovation. Today, the companies are delivering a new class of converged application solutions for enterprises. The HP Database Consolidation Solution Optimized for Microsoft SQL Server® 2008 R2 combines Microsoft best practices and architectural guidance with HP-installed Converged Infrastructure components and services. By combining an optimized architecture and services implementation, HP and Microsoft make it possible to speed deployment, quickly provision SQL Servers with predictable performance, simplify management, and control database sprawl. This paper describes the comprehensive Microsoft solution for optimizing SQL Server databases for the private cloud. The paper also discusses the HP Database Consolidation Solution and how it pulls everything together. Optimize SQL Server for Private Cloud Microsoft provides a complete software solution for optimizing your SQL Server databases for the private cloud, as shown in Figure 1 (next page). This solution can help to ensure that your compute, network, and storage resources are used efficiently. It also can help to reduce your physical footprint and the capital and operational expenses for your solutions. 4 Figure 1: Optimize SQL Server for Private Cloud 5 The foundation for implementing a private cloud based on Microsoft Hyper-V™ and optimized for SQL Server databases is divided into four pillars. These pillars are as follows: Resource Pooling—consolidating your database solutions. Elasticity—scaling your compute, network, and storage resources efficiently. Self Service—quickly deploying resources on demand. Control and Customize—driving standardization and compliance. The following subsections describe how solutions from Microsoft address these pillars. Resource Pooling Resource pooling is the process of consolidating databases on to the private cloud using Hyper-V-based virtual machines. Virtualized servers and storage are configured as a dynamic resource tool that can be allocated to any virtual machine depending on the size and resource requirements for the database. This can help your organization to reduce capital and operational expenses for SQL Server database solutions using the energy-efficient resources of today’s hardware systems. Discover Database Sprawl The first step in the consolidation process is to determine where SQL Server is deployed within your organization. The Microsoft Assessment and Planning (MAP) Toolkit provides tools for discovering instances of SQL Server 2008 R2, SQL Server 2008, SQL Server 2005, and SQL Server 2000 that you may want to move to the private cloud. The MAP Toolkit uses a network-wide assessment engine and an agentless inventory mechanism to collect information about your databases and servers. To assist with planning for the consolidation effort, the detailed MAP report includes hardware and platform information for determining which servers are virtual or physical. To learn more about how to use the MAP Toolkit for SQL Server, visit http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/solutionaccelerators/dd537572. The MAP Toolkit also includes a VMware discovery feature to identify servers already virtualized under VMware that can be managed by and migrated to the Hyper-V hypervisor. To learn more about the Hyper-V features of the MAP Toolkit, visit http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/solutionaccelerators /dd537570. Determine Consolidation Options Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 Datacenter Edition provides the best platform for the virtual machine templates because it allows for unlimited virtual machines per server. For consolidation candidates using earlier versions of SQL Server, the Microsoft SQL Server Upgrade Advisor analyzes the installed components and generates a report that identifies issues to fix before or after the upgrade process. To learn more about the Upgrade Advisor, visit http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms144256.aspx. The MAP Toolkit can identify MySQL, Sybase, and Oracle installations that may be candidates for migrating to SQL Server. The MAP Toolkit assessment report identifies a set of candidate databases based on migration risk. You can use the free Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant (SSMA) for Oracle, Sybase, or MySQL to scan the database for specific migration issues along with an estimated time to 6 remediate the incompatibilities. To learn more about migrating from Oracle, Sybase, or MySQL to SQL Server 2008 R2, visit http://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/en/us/product-info/migration.aspx. The Onboarding SQL Server Private Cloud Environment white paper provides guidance for surfacing key information about consolidating database solutions on to the private cloud. This information includes: Onboarding scope Consolidation planning High availability options Onboarding options Other relevant resources The general guidance for virtualizing SQL Server instances is to start with smaller workloads and then expand your effort to larger workloads over time, as you gain experience. SQL Server instances that require more than four logical processors or need more than 64 GB per virtual machine are not good candidates for consolidation. Perform Physical to Virtual Migration Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008 R2 (SCVMM) provides the ability to convert existing physical SQL Server computers to a Hyper-V virtual machine through a process called physical-tovirtual (P2V) migration. This process works best for physical SQL Server computers running a single instance of SQL Server. The P2V migration can be accomplished through the Convert Physical Server (P2V) Wizard or through Microsoft Windows PowerShell™. The process allows you to reconfigure storage, memory, CPU, and other features while preserving network settings and MAC addresses. Live migration is possible from Windows® 7, Windows XP, and Windows Vista®, and from Windows Server® 2008 R2, Windows Server 2008, and Windows Server 2003. Offline migration is available for Windows Server 2000 systems. The Planning, Implementing, and Supporting SQL Server Virtualization with Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V and Live Migration white paper provides step-by-step instructions on how to perform a P2V migration. For general information regarding P2V migration, refer to the TechNet article P2V: Converting Physical Computers to Virtual Machines in VMM. Virtualize and Manage Instances System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008 R2 provides a centralized set of tools that an organization can use to administer its virtual environment. SCVMM can manage Hyper-V environments as well as Virtual Server and VMware environments. SCVMM can help to maximize the virtual machine environment in a variety of ways: The Intelligent Placement process analyzes performance data and resource requirements for both the workload and the host for deployed virtual machines. It then returns a weighted list of recommended hosts where the virtual machine can be redeployed. SCVMM includes a product connector for Microsoft System Center Operations Manager that provides application and service-level monitoring of the virtual machine environment. 7 With the integrated Performance and Resource Optimization (PRO) management pack, you can perform automated actions like migrating a virtual machine to return a host to a healthy state based on resource usage and other host health metrics. For virtual machines, PRO can recommend configuration changes to resize the virtual machine based on CPU and memory thresholds. For more information about customizing PRO, visit http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/cc956018.aspx. SCVMM promotes increased organizational agility through the rapid provisioning of new virtual machines. Virtual machines can be provisioned by using the wizard-based user interface, deploying them from approved templates, or scripting the operations through Windows PowerShell. SCVMM provides a library to catalog file-based resources like virtual disks and virtual machine templates and profiles, and to see what resources are in use. To learn more about the SCVMM library, visit http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/cc764248.aspx. Likewise, for increased flexibility within the organization, SCVMM allows you to delegate who can manage and define user roles. To learn more about delegation, visit http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc956030.aspx. Finally, SCVMM can help your organization to best use its IT and development skills by providing one console for monitoring physical and virtual machines. In addition, all operations are fully scriptable using Windows PowerShell. To learn more about scripting, visit http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library /cc764259.aspx. Elasticity Elasticity describes the process of scaling resources efficiently using load balancing and live migration. Elasticity can help your organization to minimize planned downtime, manage unplanned downtime, handle peak load scenarios faster, and easily scale its environment to meet growing demands. Set Up Clustering for Fast Recovery By working in a virtualized environment, your organization can reduce the number of physical computers for failover configuration, increase the efficiency of computing resources, and better ensure high availability. To create and manage failover clusters, you can use the Failover Clustering feature. A failover cluster can be defined as group of independent computers working together to maintain high availability of applications and services. In case of any failure of a cluster node, another node begins to provide services. Guest failover clustering is another option for maintaining high availability in SQL Server using Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI). Guest failover clustering is simply SQL Server failover clusters inside virtual machines, with nodes also operating as virtual machines. iSCSI is used to connect each virtual machine to the shared storage required to build a cluster. It is possible to run SQL Server guest cluster nodes on the same physical host machine or on different physical host machines. However, if the SQL Server guest clustering is running on the same host and that host becomes unavailable, you may have to compromise on high availability. To maintain high availability for SQL Server virtual machines, it is recommended that you run the active and standby nodes of a SQL Server guest cluster on different physical host machines. For more information on using Hyper-V and Failover Clustering, visit http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732181(WS.10).aspx. 8 Upgrade Host with Minimum Downtime To perform maintenance and rolling upgrades on Hyper-V servers without scheduling times for running virtual machines, you can use the Live Migration and Hyper-V Failover Clustering features. The steps for performing a rolling upgrade to the host are described in the Planning, Implementing, and Supporting SQL Server Virtualization with Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V and Live Migration white paper. The high-level steps are as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Install Windows updates or service packs on the Hyper-V passive physical nodes. Restart passive nodes, as prompted. Use Live Migration to fail over SQL Server virtual machines from the active node to passive nodes in the Hyper-V failover cluster. Install Windows updates or service packs on the original Hyper-V active node (which is now a passive node because you failed over the services in Step 3). Restart the node updated in Step 4. For more information about Hyper-V Live Migration, visit http://www.microsoft.com/downloads /details.aspx?FamilyID=FDD083C6-3FC7-470B-8569-7E6A19FB0FDF&. Increase Virtual Machine Density Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 Hyper-V with Dynamic Memory enables you to allocate memory to guest virtual machines that can vary according to requirements. Dynamic Memory also can rebalance memory to ensure reasonable virtual machine performance during overcommitted scenarios, such as planned or unplanned failover. With Dynamic Memory, you can specify the startup RAM, maximum RAM settings, and a memory buffer percentage to maintain performance requirements. The memory weight value determines the priority that Dynamic Memory uses when allocating memory resources to other virtual machines. For more information about Dynamic Memory, visit http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff817651(WS.10).aspx. There are several best practices to consider when increasing virtual machine density: To protect SQL Server virtual machines from having memory reduced in an overcommitted scenario, give them a heavier memory priority. To reduce host memory pressure, use the Max Server Memory option in the sp_configure system to decrease SQL Server memory prior to Live Migration. To prevent SQL Server memory from being paged out, grant SQL Server service accounts the Lock Pages in Memory option, using the steps documented at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library /ms190730.aspx. This action also reduces the impact on the virtual machine when the guest operating system has memory removed; it does so by relying on SQL Server memory management to release memory versus having the working set paged out by Windows. For more information about using Dynamic Memory with SQL Server, visit the blog series at http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlosteam/archive/tags/hyper_2d00_v+dynamic+memory/. 9 Load Balance Virtual Machi nes A feature of SCVMM, Performance and Resource Optimization links specific alerts from System Center Operations Manager 2007 to remediation actions in SCVMM. You can configure PRO to perform load balancing of virtual machines between physical hosts when a specific threshold is exceeded or a hardware failure is detected. PRO uses the management pack infrastructure of Operations Manager. When there is a prospect of optimization, a PRO tip is generated in SCVMM. You can approve and implement PRO tips manually or configure PRO to execute them automatically. You also can customize the PRO in SCVMM by making changes to the PRO-enabling rules. A healthy state for hosts and virtual machines can be defined through default settings and thresholds in the management packs. However, you can override the PRO by creating additional management pack elements, such as rules and monitors, to meet the requirements of your virtualized environments. For more information about PRO, visit http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc917965.aspx. Self Service Self Service is the process of deploying resources on demand using the Self-Service Portal feature of System Center Virtual Machine Manager. The self-service provisioning function can help your organization to reduce administrative overhead, use resources on demand, and build automation without compromising control—which, ultimately, can lead to faster time to market. Create Virtual Machine Templates Virtual machine templates provide the ability to quickly and repeatedly create virtual machines with standardized hardware and software settings. Templates can be created from existing virtual hard disks or from an existing virtual machine running on a host. If you are creating virtual machines containing SQL Server 2008 R2, consider using Microsoft SQL Server SysPrep as part of your installation process. For more information on SQL Server SysPrep, visit http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee210754(SQL.105).aspx. Virtual machine templates are managed using the SCVMM library and are available through the System Center Virtual Machine Self-Service Portal (VMMSSP). Users are assigned virtual machine templates that are appropriate for their applications. To learn more about working with virtual machine templates, visit: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us /library/cc956060.aspx. Build Automation To enable self service, use the System Center Virtual Machine Manager Self-Service Portal to automate the process that business users follow to request and employ virtual machines. The five basic steps for automation are listed here and are further documented in the VMMSSP Getting Started Guide: 1. 2. The business unit administrator registers the business unit for the VMMSSP. The data center administrator approves the registration request. 10 3. 4. 5. The business unit administrator submits an infrastructure request to ask for resources and designate users. The data center administrator approves the request, provisions infrastructure and related resources, and designates custom actions to use for virtual machines. Business unit users create virtual machines using self-service provisioning forms. VMMSSP allows business users to create, decommission, and manage virtual machines. Users can define an expiration date for a virtual machine so that the system frees resources when the virtual machine is no longer needed. VMMSSP can send designated users an email warning when a virtual machine is near its expiration date. Members of the DCIT Admin, BUIT Admin, and Advanced Operator user roles can extend the expiration date as long as the virtual machine has not already expired. For more information about the VMMSSP, review the documentation in the file entitled VMM08R2_VMMSSPDocumentation.zip, which can be downloaded from http://go.microsoft.com /fwlink/?LinkId=196742. Control and Customize Control and Customize describes the method used to drive standardization and compliance for solutions that consolidate databases to the private cloud. The System Center Virtual Machine Manager Self-Service Portal can be used to measure charge-back data, and management packs in System Center Operations Manager can be used to manage the private cloud. With these solutions, your organization can better enforce policies, measure services, and customize processes to meet its business needs. Measure Usage and Charge-Back Data The System Center Virtual Machine Manager Self-Service Portal provides usage and charge-back data for business units. The data center administrator defines charge-back costs when creating or modifying virtual machine templates; these costs are tied to the billing code defined as part of the business unit administrator’s original infrastructure request. VMMSSP calculates charge-back costs on a daily basis using the cost of both reserved and allocated resources. Reserved resources are charged for memory and storage resources that are reserved for a service but not allocated to virtual machines. Allocated resources are charged for memory and storage resources allocated to virtual machines, based on the cost for the specified virtual machine template. To examine the results of charge-back calculations, you can use the VMMSSP Dashboard, an application based on Windows and Microsoft SharePoint® Services that provides views of multiple sets of portal statistics. For specific examples of how VMMSSP computes charge-back costs, see the Datacenter Administration Guide in the VMM08R2_VMMSSPDocumentation.zip file, which can be downloaded from http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=196742. 11 Manage the Private Cloud Together, System Center Virtual Machine Manager and Operations Manager provide a single management surface to monitor the health and availability of Hyper-V hosts and virtual machines on the hosts. Diagram views delineate your virtual infrastructure, including virtual machines on hosts and host clusters, showing the health state of the various components and allowing you to drill into a problem node to see more details. Diagram views are available in both the Virtual Machine Manager Administration Console and the Operations Manager Console. The Virtual Machine Manager management pack provides a set of reports that you can use to better understand your virtual environment. Key reports include: Virtualization Candidates: Helps to identify physical computers that are candidates for conversion to virtual machines. These systems must be set up with Operations Manager agents so that Operations Manager can collect performance information for CPU, memory, and disk usage for sizing the virtual machine. Virtual Machine Allocation: Provides information about resource utilization for virtual machines, helping to identify underused or overused virtual machines and determine if changes are necessary. Host Utilization: Shows the number of virtual machines running on each host, along with key metrics for the host health state. Host Utilization Growth: Shows the percentage of change in resource utilization for specific time frames, helping to determine future load requirements. Integration with the Performance Resource and Optimization functionality also can help to assess if virtualized workloads are making optimal use of available hardware resources. Any Operations Manager alert that targets a PRO class generates a PRO tip in Virtual Machine Manager. This PRO tip can include a remedial action to return the virtualized environment to a healthy state. For more information about how PRO works, visit http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee423766.aspx. HP Database Consolidation Solution This section provides a detailed overview of the HP Database Consolidation Solution. It begins by describing the solution’s main characteristics and its focus on high availability. It then discusses how the HP management stack interoperates with Microsoft products to deliver a powerful private cloud offering. Finally, the section lists the design requirements for the solution’s three base templates (small, medium, and large) and offers guidance for finding more information. Characteristics The HP Database Consolidation Solution is based on a building-block design that uses an HP BladeSystem c3000 enclosure, HP Virtual Connect Flex-10 modules, and HP StorageWorks P2000 G3 10Gb iSCSI storage arrays. Each Database Consolidation (DBC) building block contains four HP ProLiant BL465c G7 blade servers running Windows Server 2008 R2 in a Hyper-V failover cluster configuration. The virtualized servers and storage are configured as a dynamic resource pool that can be allocated to any virtual machine, depending on the size and resource requirements of the database. 12 The HP Database Consolidation Solution is easily scalable from a half rack (four blades and 28 TB raw disk capacity) to a full rack (eight blades and 57 TB raw disk capacity). If your resource requirements grow beyond a full DBC rack, additional racks can be added, as necessary, using the same set of building blocks. High Availability A critical design element in the HP Database Consolidation Solution is redundancy at many levels—from network and storage components to the host cluster and virtual machines. As such, the solution is capable of live migration and increased availability for many maintenance activities. In addition, the solution design uses Host Clustering for availability and mobility between physical nodes, and Guest Clustering for application and virtual machine mobility. Management Stack The HP Database Consolidation Solution is designed to be a self-managed environment that also can interoperate with your existing management infrastructure. The solution’s management environment supports the Optimize SQL Server for Private Cloud solution, with the following components installed and integrated “on site” (by your organization or HP Services): Windows Server 2008 R2 Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2008 R2 Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine Manager Self-Service Portal Microsoft System Center Operations Manager 2007 R2 Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager 2007 R3 Microsoft System Center Data Protection Manager 2010 Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 HP Insight Control for System Center (IC-SC) The ProLiant and BladeSystem management packs interoperate with System Center Operations Manager to expose the native capabilities of ProLiant and BladeSystem servers and enclosures. This enables greater visibility into ProLiant and BladeSystems using various Operations Manager views (including Diagram, System, State, and Alert). With these views, you can perform quick root-cause analysis with graphical characterization down to the server and blade subsystem level, as well as c-Class enclosures to the component level. 13 Design Requirements The HP Database Consolidation Solution supports the consolidation of business-critical and other database solutions that are running online transactional processing (OLTP) workloads. Because no single workload can represent all sizing permutations, the DBC reference architecture includes three base virtual machine templates (defined as small, medium, and large) with the following resource requirements. Size Resources Small 1 Virtual Processor 2 GB RAM Maximum 100 GB formatted disk space using dynamic disks 50 I/O per second (IOPS)/VM Medium 2 Virtual Processors 4 GB RAM 200 GB formatted disk space using dynamic disks 400 IOPS/VM Large 4 Virtual Processors 16 GB RAM 400 GB formatted disk space 2,000 IOPS/VM The goal of this approach is to balance resource consumption where disk I/O is the primary focus. The design uses smaller, higher 15K RPM spindles within the P2000 storage system for better performance per price than other controllers. The solution uses iSCSI for storage presentation; this provides the ability to perform Guest Clustering for SQL Server between virtual machines for added availability for database workloads. For More Information For more information about the HP Database Consolidation Solution, including purchasing and deployment, contact your HP or Microsoft sales representative. 14 References This table provides references used for this paper. Review these references for additional information. Pillar Title URL Overview Optimizing SQL Server for Private Cloud http://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/en/us /solutions-technologies/cloudcomputing/private-cloud.aspx HP Database Consolidation Solution for Microsoft SQL Server http://h71028.www7.hp.com/enterprise/us /en/partners/microsoft-databaseconsolidation-solution.html Microsoft Assessment and Planning (MAP) Toolkit for SQL Server 2008 R2 http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/solutionaccelerators/dd537572 Microsoft Assessment and Planning (MAP) Toolkit for Hyper-V http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/solutionaccelerators/dd537570 Using Upgrade Advisor to Prepare for Upgrades http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/ms144256.aspx Step-by-Step Migration to SQL Server 2008 R2 http://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/en/us /product-info/migration.aspx Onboarding SQL Server Private Cloud Environment (white paper) http://download.microsoft.com/download/ 7/A/3/7A3278D7-C660-4DFB-91FD0414E3E0E022/Onboarding_SQL_Server_Pr ivate_Cloud_Environments.docx Planning, Implementing, and Supporting SQL Server Virtualization with Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V and Live Migration (white paper) http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/ff898403.aspx P2V: Converting Physical Computers to Virtual Machines in VMM http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/cc764232.aspx Customizing PRO in VMM http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/cc956018.aspx Managing the VMM Library http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/cc764248.aspx How to Create a Delegated Administrator User Role in VMM http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/cc956030.aspx Scripting in VMM http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/cc764259.aspx Hyper-V: Using Hyper-V and Failover Clustering http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/cc732181(WS.10).aspx Windows Server 2008 R2 and Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2008 R2: Hyper-V Live Migration Overview and Architecture (white paper) http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/d etails.aspx?displaylang=en&id=12601 Resource Pooling Elasticity 15 Self Service Control and Customize Hyper-V Dynamic Memory Configuration Guide http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/ff817651(WS.10).aspx How To: Enable the Lock Pages in Memory Option http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/ms190730.aspx Using Dynamic Memory with SQL Server blog series http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlosteam/archiv e/tags/hyper_2d00_v+dynamic+memory/ About Performance and Resource Optimization (PRO) http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/cc917965.aspx Considerations for Installing SQL Server Using SysPrep http://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/ee210754(SQL.105).aspx Working with Virtual Machine Templates http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/cc956060.aspx Virtual Machine Manager Self-Service Portal (documentation download) http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=19 6742 Datacenter Administration Guide for VMMSP http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=19 6742 PRO-Enabled Management Packs http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/ee423766.aspx 16