The concepts to be studied this year are roughly broken into 8 different ‘units’ as outlined below but with blood being the core concept linking all that we learn this year. Due to the wealth of information that could be included, some changes to the units may take place.
You can expect exams at mid-term and at the end of the term to align (roughly) with these 8 different ‘units’.
‘Unit 1’
Chemistry of blood including ABO typing and genetics, blood clotting cascade, blood cell differentiation, immune response, lymphatic system and cancers
‘Unit 2’
Organic molecules and homeostasis including molecular structure of carbohydrates and proteins, digestive system and diabetes
‘Unit 3’
Nutrition and energy production including obesity, molecular structure of lipids and cellular respiration
‘Unit 4’
Biomechanics 1 including muscle contraction and the muscular system
‘Unit 5’
Biomechanics 2 including connective tissue, skeletal system and stem cells
‘Unit 6’
Electrochemical communication including nervous and endocrine systems
‘Unit 7’
Maintenance and survival including cardiovascular, urinary and respiratory systems
‘Unit 8’
TBA – This time may be used simply to tie together and wrap up the many concepts learned throughout the year spending some additional time discussing thematic links. I may shift and choose a major disease or groups of diseases and we can use that to link together all that we have learned. Mo re to come…
I am not the type of teacher to assign a reading and test you specifically on that, but as an independent learner I will expect you to keep up with the textbook readings to better participate in class discussions and enhance your learning and understanding of anatomy and physiology. Your textbook is Anatomy and Physiology seventh edition by the authors
Seeley, Stephens and Tate but many units will include additional readings outside the textbook.

Term 1 Readings
Chap 19 Cardiovascular System: Blood
Functions of Blood (pg 652
– 653)
Plasma (pg 653)
Formed elements (pg 654 - 662)
Hemostasis (pg 662
– 666)
Blood Groupings (pg 667 - 670)
Diagnostic Blood Tests (pg 670 -671)
Clinical Focus
– Disorders of Blood (672 – 673)
Chap 22 Lymphatic System and Immunity
Lymphatic System (pg 786
– 795)
Immunity (pg 796)
Innate Immunity (pg 796 – 800)
Adaptive Immunity (pg 801 – 815)
Immune Interactions (pg 815
– 816)
Immunotherapy (pg 817)
Acquired Immunity (pg 817 – 820)
Chap 1 The Human Organism
Homeostasis (pg 9 – 12)
Terminology and Body Plan (pg 13 – 18)
Chap 2 The Chemical Basis of Life
Intermolecular Forces (pg 31 – 32)
Solubility and Dissociation (pg 32
– 33)
Chemical Reactions and Energy (pg 33 – 38)
Inorganic Chemistry (pg 38 – 41)
Organic Chemistry (pg 41
– 52)
Chap 24 Digestive System
Small Intestine (pg 900 – 902)
Chap 3 Structure and Function of Cell
Plasma Membrane (pg 60 – 64)
Movement through plasma membrane (pg 65
– 75)
Cytoskeleton (pg 77)
Organelles (pg 78 – 87)
Overview Cell Metabolism (pg 87 – 88)
Protein Synthesis (pg 88 -92)
Cell Life Cycle (pg 92 – 96)
Cellular Aspects of Aging (pg 96)
Chap 18 Endocrine Glands
Pancreas (pg 632 – 637)
Hormonal Regulation of Nutrients (pg 637
– 639)
Aging on Endocrine System (pg 642)

Term 2 Readings
Chap 25 Nutrition, Metabolism, Temperature Regulation
Nutrition (pg 932
– 940)
Metabolism (pg 940 – 941)
Carbohydrate Metabolism (pg 942 – 949)
Lipid Metabolism (pg 949
– 950)
Protein Metabolism (pg 950 – 951)
Interconversion of Nutrient Molecule (pg 952 – 953)
Metabolic Rate (pg 955
– 956)
Body Temperature Regulation (pg 956 – 960)
Clinical Focus – Obesity (pg 957 – 958)
Clinical Focus
– Hyperthermia and Hypothermia (pg 960)
Chap 9 Muscular System Histology/Physiology
Characteristics of Muscles (pg 276 – 277)
Skeletal Muscle Structure (pg 277
– 281)
Sliding Filament Model (pg 281 – 283)
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers (pg 283 – 292)
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle (pg 293
– 295)
Types of Muscle Contractions (pg 296
– 298)
Fatigue (pg 299)
Energy Sources (pg 300)
Slow and Fast Fibers (pg 301
– 302)
Effects of Aging (pg 308 – 309)
Systems Pathology
– Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy (pg 309 – 310)
Chap 18 Endocrine Glands
Calcitonin (pg 624)
Parathyroid Glands ( pg 624
– 626 + table pg 627)
Hormonal Regulation of Nutrients (pg 637
– 638)
Terms 3 Readings
Chap 4
Chap 6
Histology: Study of Tissues
Connective Tissue (pg 116
– 128)
Skeletal System: Bones/Bone Tissue
Functions (pg 168)
Cartilage (pg 168
– 169)
Bone Anatomy (pg 169 – 171)
Bone Histology (pg 171 – 174)
Bone Development (pg 175
– 180)
Bone Growth (pg 180 – 183)
Bone Remodelling (pg 183 – 185)
Bone Repair (pg 186
– 187)
Calcium Homeostasis (pg 187 – 188)
Effects of Aging (pg 189 – 192)
Clinical Focus
– Classification of Bone Fractures (pg 189)
Systems Pathology – Osteoporosis (pg 190)

Chap 8 Articulations and Movement
Classes of Joints (pg 248 – 254)
Types of Movements (pg 254
– 258)
Descriptions of Selected Joints (pg 259
– 268)
Effects of Aging on Joints (pg 268)
Clinical Focus
– Joint Disorders (pg 269 – 271)
Chap 11 Functional Organization of the Nervous System
Divisions of the Nervous System (pg 374 – 375)
Cells of the Nervous System (pg 376
– 380)
Electrical Signals (pg 381 – 395)
The Synapse (pg 394 – 402)
Neuronal Pathways and Circuits (pg 403
– 404)
Chap 12 Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Spinal Cord (pg 412 – 415)
Reflexes (pg 415
– 420)
Structure of Peripheral Nerves (pg 420 – 422)
Chap 13 Brain and Cranial Nerves
Divisions and Function of Brain (table pg 444)
Brainstem (pg 445 – 447)
Cerebellum (pg 447 – 449)
Diencephalon (pg 449
– 450)
Cerebrum (pg 451 – 454)
Meninges and CerebroSpinal Fluid (pg 454 – 458)
Blood Supply to the Brain (pg 459)
Chap 14 Integration of Nervous System Functions
Sensation (pg 476
– 487)
Clinical Focus – Pain (486 – 487)
Brainstem Functions (pg 495 – 496)
Other Brain Functions )pg 496 – 503)
Clinical Focus – Central Nervous System Disorders (pg 500 – 502)
Limbic System (pg 503)
Effects of Aging (pg 503 – 504)
Systems Pathology
– Stroke (pg 504 – 505)
Chap 16 Autonomic Nervous System
Anatomy of Autonomic Nervous System (pg 563 – 569)
Physiology of Autonomic Nervous System (pg 569
– 573)
Clinical Focus – Influence of Drugs on Autonomic NS (pg 572 – 573)
Regulation of Autonomic Nervous System (pg 573 – 576)
Functional Generalization of Autonomic Nervous System (576
– 578)
Chap 18 Endocrine Glands
Pituitary and Hypothalamus (pg 610
– 612)
Hormones of Pituitary (pg 613 – 619)
Thyroid Gland (pg 619 – 624)
Adrenal Glands (pg 627 – 632)
Clinical Focus – Stress (pg 633

Terms 4 Readings
Chap 20 Cardiovascular System: Heart
Anatomy of the Heart (pg 682
– 688)
Route of Blood Flow through the Heart (pg 688 – 693)
Histology (pg 690 – 693)
Electrical Properties (pg 693
– 698)
Cardiac Cycle (pg 698 – 704)
Mean Arterial Pressure (pg 704 – 706)
Regulation of Heart (pg 706
– 708)
Heart and Homeostasis (pg 708 – 711)
Effects of Aging on the Heart (pg 711)
Systems Pathology
– Myocardial Infarction (pg 714 – 715)
Chap 21 Cardiovascular System: Peripheral Circulation and Regulation
General Features of Blood Vessel Structure (pg 724 – 730)
Dynamics of Blood Circulation (pg 753
– 756)
Physiology of Systemic Circulation (pg 757 – 762)
Control of Blood Flow (pg 762 – 766)
Clinical Focus
– Hypertension (pg 764)
Clinical Focus – Blood Flow during Exercise (pg 767)
Regulation of Mean Arterial Pressure (pg 766 – 777)
Chap 26 Urinary System
Functions of the Urinary System (pg 966)
Kidney Anatomy and Histology (p 966 – 971)
Regulation of Urine Concentration and Volume (pg 990
– 992)
Chap 27 Water, Electrolytes, amd Acid-Base Balance
Body Fluids (pg 1006
– 1007)
Regulation of Body Fluid Concentration and Volume (pg 1007
– 1012)
Chap 23 Respiratory System
Anatomy and Histology of Respiratory System (pg 830
– 844)
Ventilation (pg 844 – 848)
Measuring Lung Function (pg 849 – 851)
Physical Principles of Gas Exchange (pg 851
– 853)
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport (pg 854 – 859)
Modification of Ventilation (pg 861 – 865)
Respiratory Adaptations to Exercise (pg 865)
Effects of Aging (pg 865
– 867)
Systems Pathology – Asthma (pg 868 – 869)
Additional readings may be added to term 4 depending on what we decide to study.