Chapter 3
1. When _boiling_ a liquid, you add heat until the liquid reaches a temperature at which it changes to bubbles of gas
below its surface.
2. The _melting point_ is the same temperature as the freezing point for a substance.
3. Which state of matter will hold its shape without a container? solid
4. The kinetic theory states that the higher the temperature, the faster the particles that make up a substance move _
5. The change of a substance from a solid directly to a gas is called _sublimation_
6. All changes of the state of matter require _energy__
7. Evaporation refers to the change of state from a _ liquid to a gas._
8. The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be _created nor destroyed. Only changed_
9. A liquid changes rapidly into a gas at the liquid's _boiling_ point.
10. Matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape is a _solid_.
11. Matter in which atoms are tightly held in place is a solid__.
12. A gas-like mixture with no definite volume or shape that is made up of positively and negatively charged particles is a
_plasma_.
13. Matter with no definite volume and no definite shape is a _gas (plasma)_.
14. Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is a _Liquid_.
15. Matter in which the particles are free to move in all directions until they have spread evenly throughout their container
is a gas (plasma)_.
16. The theoretical point at which all molecular motion stops is called _absolute 0 , 0 K_.
17. According to _Boyles’ Law_, if you decrease the volume of a container of gas and hold the temperature constant, the
pressure of the gas will increase.
18. According to _Charles’ Law_, the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, as long as pressure does not
change.
19. As a sample of matter is heated, its particles _ move more quickly _.
20. The most common state of matter in the universe is _plasma_.
21. The idea that matter is made up of small particles that are in constant motion is _Kinetic theory of matter_.
22. The particles that make up a solid move _more slowly_ than do the particles that make up a gas.
23. As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of the gas will _increase_ if the pressure remains the same.
24. As the volume of a gas decreases, the pressure of the gas will _increase_ if the temperature remains the same.
25. The kinetic theory states that the particles in matter are always in _motion_
26. The kinetic theory states that, at the same _temperature, heavier particles move more slowly than lighter particles.
27. As gas molecules bounce around and collide, they spread to _ fill all available space _
28. As heat is added to a solid substance, the atoms _ vibrate faster _ and move apart.
29. Ice cubes left in the freezer for several months will become smaller because of _ sublimation _
30. Energy may be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be __ created or destroyed _
31. In comparing plasma to a solid, a liquid, and a gas, plasma is most similar to _ a gas _
32. Some high-altitude balloons are only partially filled when they are released from the ground. Using Boyle’s law,
explain why the balloons are only partially filled. Assume the air temperature remains constant. At higher altitude,
there is less pressure. According to Boyle’s law, the volume of the gas will increase and the balloon fills up
completely
33. Adding thermal energy to a solid normally causes a temperature change in the solid. What happens to the thermal
energy and the temperature as the solid melts? temperature remains the same; thermal energy goes to breaking solid
particles apart
34. Thermal energy is added to water to turn it into steam. Explain this event according to the kinetic theory of matter.
Water molecules are moving but are held together; as thermal energy is added, molecules move more quickly and are
not held as tightly, and some fly off as steam
35. Which of the states of matter can you force into a smaller volume? Explain Gas and plasma; there is still room
between the particles
36. What will happen to the size of a balloon when it is placed in a freezer? Explain It shrinks; as the temperature of air
decreases, the volume of the air decreases
37. List the states of matter and explain their differences using the kinetic theory of matter. solid—particles held tightly,
not free to move around; liquid—particles very close together but free to move; gas—particles are free to move in any
direction, not held together; plasma—particles move with so much energy they break into smaller charged particles.
Chapter 4
For questions 1 - 8, if the statement is true, write true on your paper. If the statement is false rewrite it so that it
is true. Answer the rest of the questions with your best answer.
1) Protons and neutrons have the same charge. Protons have a + charge and Neutrons have no charge
2) Protons and electrons have opposite charges. True
3) Protons and neutrons have almost the same mass. True
4) Protons, neutrons, and electrons all have about the same mass. Protons and Neutrons have about the same mass and
electrons have about 1/3 the mass of the protons and neutrons
5) Neutrons have no charge and no mass. Neutrons have no charge and the mass of 1 amu or about the same mass as a
6)
7)
8)
9)
proton.
An electron has far less mass than either a proton or neutron. True
Both oxygen-17 and oxygen-18 are isotopes of oxygen. True
An electron cloud represents all the orbitals in an atom. True
Write the parts of John Dalton’s atomic theory?



Every element is made of tiny, unique, particles called atoms that cannot be subdivided.
Atoms of the same element are exactly alike.
Atoms of different elements can join to form molecules
10) J. J. Thomson’s experiments provided evidence that an atom contains _negatively_ charged particles he called
_electrons_.
11) Who provided evidence for the existence of a nucleus in an atom? Ernest Rutherford
12) Who concluded that the nucleus in an atom contained both protons and neutrons? James Chadwick
13) Which subatomic particle has a negative charge? Electrons Which has a positive charge? protons
14) The number of protons in one atom of an element is that element’s _atomic number which in turn tells you it’s
_identity or name_
15) To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you would subtract the _atomic number_ from the _atomic mass or mass
number_.
16) In Niels Bohr’s model of the atom, electrons move like _planest_ orbiting the _sun_
17) The subatomic particle that J. J. Thomson discovered has a(an) _-_ charge.
18) Protons and _neutrons_ are found in the nucleus of an atom.
19) Neutrons and _protons_ have almost the same mass.
20) If element Q has 11 protons, its atomic _number_ is 11.
21) The nuclei of isotopes contain different numbers of _neutons_
22) The region in which an electron is most likely to be found is called a(an) _orbital_.
23) The _atomic mass_ of an isotope is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.
24) Fill in the chart below with the missing information (Draw this chart on your own paper and fill it in)
Element
Name
Symbol
Atomic
#
Mass
#
# of
Protons
# of
Neutrons
# of
Electrons
Nitrogen
Arsenic
Scandium
Copper
Iodine
Krypton
Strontium
Uranium
Iron
Nickel
Chlorine
Aluminum
Sulfur
Mercury
Tin
N
As
Sc
Cu
I
Kr
Sr
U
Fe
Ni
Cl
Al
S
Hg
Sn
7
33
21
29
53
36
38
92
26
28
17
13
16
80
50
14
75
45
64
127
84
88
238
56
59
35
27
32
201
119
7
33
21
29
53
36
38
92
26
28
17
13
16
80
50
7
42
24
35
74
48
50
146
30
31
18
14
16
121
69
7
33
21
29
53
36
38
92
26
28
17
13
16
80
50