Chapter 15 Guided notes
Cleaning up the Chattanooga
Summarize the introduction of the Chattanooga:
A. Air pollutants are found throughout the entire global system (Fig 15.1)
1. Air pollution2. Major Air Pollutants (refer to table 15.1)
- Sulfur Dioxide
-
Nitrogen Oxides
-
Carbon Oxides
-
Particulate Matter (fig 15.2)
-
Volatiles Organic Compounds (VOCs)
-
Ozone
-
Lead
-
Mercury
2. Primary Pollutants (fig 15.3)
-
Examples:
3. Secondary Pollutants (fig 15.3)
-
Examples:
B. Air pollution comes from both natural and human sources (fig 15.4)
1. Natural emissions -
2. Anthropogenic Emissions (fig 15.5. fig 15.6)
C. Photochemical Smog is still an environmental problem in the U.S. (fig 15.7)
1. The chemistry of photochemical smog Formation
- The reactions, primary pollutants and secondary pollutants
2. Thermal Inversions (fig 15.8)
- Thermal inversion and inversion layer
D. Acid Deposition is much less of a problem than it used to be (fig 15.9)
Acid deposition-
-
These secondary pollutants
-
The effects of acid deposition (fig 15.10)
E. Pollution control includes prevention, technology, and innovation
1. Control of sulfur and nitrogen oxide emissions
- Removing sulfur dioxide from coal by fluidized bed combustion
(the Catalytic converter)
2. Control of particulate matter
- Baghouse filters (fig 15.11)
-
Electrostatic precipitators (fig 15.12)
-
Scrubbers on smoke stacks (fig 15.13)
F. The Stratospheric Ozone Layer Provides Protection
1. The Benefit of Stratoshpheric ozone
-
The stratospheric ozone layer exists ____________________________________ .
-
Ozone has the ability to absorb _____________________ ___________________.
2. Formation and Breakdown of Ozone
-
First, UV-C radiation breaks the bonds ________________________________ __ .
-
Sometimes the free oxygen atoms result in ozone ________________________ _.
-
Ozone is broken down into ____________________________________________ .
3. Anthropogenic contributions to ozone destruction
- Certain chemicals can break down ozone, particularly chlorine.
- The major source of chlorine in the stratosphere is a compound known as
___________________ .
-
____________ are used in refrigeration and_____________, as propellants in ___________
and as “blowing agents” to inject air into foam products like _____________.
3. Depletion of the Ozone layer
-
Global Ozone concentrations had decreased by more than ______ .
Depletion was greatest at the _____.
Decreased stratospheric ozone has increased the amount of _______radiation that reaches
the surface of Earth.
4. Efforts to Reduce Ozone Depletion
- In Montreal, a treaty was signed in 1986 to reduce the impacts of ozone depletion by
reducing the amount of ____ ____in products and slow the loss of ozone.
- Because of the reduction of chemicals in products, ______________ in the atmosphere has
reduced to __________ ppb and should fall to ______ ppb by 2100.
- The cases of ____________ cancer should be reduced as ____________ is reduced in the
ozone layer.
G. Indoor Air Pollution is a Significant Hazard Particularly in Developing Countries
1.
In developing countries ___________ and __________ are burned indoors in open pit fires
producing __________ and _____________ from incomplete combustion.
2. In developed countries
- Asbestos
-
Carbon monoxide
-
Radon
-
VOCs in Home Products
-
Sick Building Syndrome
A New Cook Stove Design
Types of fuel used to cook that causes pollution:
Solution to the problem: