Additional File 8
Data Extraction Proforma and Strategy
Table A7.1. Tabulated layout for data extraction spreadsheet.
Variable
Author
Year
Title
Journal
Region
Country
Soil description
Intervention/ Exposure
Comparator
Intervention Category
Outcomes
Design
Method
Data location in paper
Data format
Reported Units
Mean comparator
Mean intervention
SD comparator
SD intervention
n comparator
n intervention
Comments
Data
Data Extraction Strategy
The following illustrate the key decisions made when presented with choices in data
extraction.
1. BACI (before-after-comparator-intervention) study design data were converted to
change-over-time for intervention and comparator data by subtracting baselines from
the latest point of measurement. An effect size based on difference between the
intervention and comparator could then be calculated.
2. Where multiple years following an intervention were reported, data from the latest
time point were used as ‘after’ data, since land management changes are likely to act
over long periods of time. Data collected from within 12 months of the intervention
was excluded where later data was available. In one study where ‘after’ data appeared
highly variable, data from multiple years was pooled so as to be more conservative.
3. Where studies reported data from geographically separated sites or sites that were
known to differ substantially in ecology, these data were treated as different study
units, provided that both comparator and intervention data were present for each site.
Hence, the unit of measurement in the synthesis was the study site. Where measures of
variability were not available for single sites, standard deviations were calculated
across sites using site means.
4. Where spatial replicates were measured on more than one occasion (for example flux
chambers measured over a year) the longest possible reporting period was used to
gather a pooled mean and standard deviation.
5. Although technically pseudoreplication, the majority of studies did not replicate at the
intervention/exposure level. Therefore, so as to retain sufficient studies any form of
spatial replication was treated as an independent unit of replication. Sample size,
therefore, was taken to be the number of samples taken across space, not time. Purely
temporal replication (i.e. repeated measurements of the same sample) was excluded
from consideration. This was decided upon since such studies violate assumptions of
independence of data. Furthermore, the results of models using temporal variability
can only be generalised across time and not space. Spatial variability reported for
multiple time periods was pooled (pooled standard deviation). Where temporal and
spatial variability could not be discerned, data were included in the meta-analysis but
sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the implication of doing so. Pooled
standard deviations were calculated according to the equation;
𝑆𝐷𝑝𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑑
(𝑛1 − 1)𝑆12 + (𝑛2 − 1)𝑆22
=√
(𝑛1 + 𝑛2 − 2)
6. Variability was converted from confidence intervals and standard errors into the
common rubric of standard deviation where sample sizes were reported. Where details
of sample size were not precise (for example “more than 30 samples were taken”) a
conservative estimate was used based on best information; i.e. the smaller sample size
was used in further calculations. Where no measure of variability was provided, means
were extracted for inclusion in narrative synthesis alone.
7. Where data were reported over within-site spatial scales that were not commonly
reported enough to allow inclusion as effect modifiers across studies (for example soil
depth or peat microform), means and standard deviations were pooled and reported as
summary statistics for that replicate.
8. Where multiple interventions or exposures were recorded across a gradient (for
example drained and partially drained relative to an undrained control) data were
extracted for the more extreme case (for example fully drained rather than partially
drained). This was to ensure the fullest extent of the study results was included in the
meta-analysis.
9. Where multiple potential interventions/exposures were reported within one
manuscript/study and they did not have an obvious comparator, a meaningful
comparator was chosen such that there was consistency between studies concerning
the same land management.
10. For studies that examined exposures rather than interventions, the comparator was
chosen as the more natural state, for example rich peat quality, high water table, or wet
soil conditions.
11. Where CO2 data were reported, total ecosystem respiration (Rtot) and net ecosystem
exchange (NEE) were extracted. Gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP) was not
extracted since it is calculated from NEE minus Rtot. Where GEP and Rtot alone were
reported, NEE was calculated.
Table A7.2. Information regarding data location, extraction strategy and pooling calculations for means and standard deviations for studies included in the
synthesis.
Article
Region
Outcomes
Quantitative data
locations in paper
Data Extraction
Method
Pooling
Pooled Across
Augustin, J., W. Merbach, et al. (1998) Factors influencing nitrous oxide and
methane emissions from minerotrophic fens in northeast Germany.. Biology
and Fertility of Soils 28(1): 1-4.
Gumnitzniederung
CH4
Figure 1
Data Thief
Yes
Time (mean only)
Augustin, J., W. Merbach, et al. (1998) Factors influencing nitrous oxide and
methane emissions from minerotrophic fens in northeast Germany.. Biology
and Fertility of Soils 28(1): 1-4.
Gumnitzniederung
N2O
Figure 1
Data Thief
Yes
Time (mean only)
Augustin, J., W. Merbach, et al. (1998) Factors influencing nitrous oxide and
methane emissions from minerotrophic fens in northeast Germany.. Biology
and Fertility of Soils 28(1): 1-4.
Rhin-Havelluch
N2O
Figure 2
Data Thief
Yes
Time (mean only)
Augustin, J., W. Merbach, et al. (1998) Nitrous oxide fluxes of disturbed
minerotrophic peatlands.. Agribiological Research-Zeitschrift Fur Agrarbiologie
Agrikulturchemie Okologie 51(1): 47-57.
Mucheberg
(Gumnitz/Bradndenburg)
N2O
Figure 3 and
Table 2
Data Thief
Yes
Time (mean only)
Augustin, J., W. Merbach, et al. (1998) Nitrous oxide fluxes of disturbed
minerotrophic peatlands.. Agribiological Research-Zeitschrift Fur Agrarbiologie
Agrikulturchemie Okologie 51(1): 47-57.
Paulinenaue (RhinHavelLuch/Brandenburg)
N2O
Figure 1 and
Table 2
Data Thief
Yes
Time (mean only)
Augustin, J., W. Merbach, et al. (1998) Nitrous oxide fluxes of disturbed
minerotrophic peatlands.. Agribiological Research-Zeitschrift Fur Agrarbiologie
Agrikulturchemie Okologie 51(1): 47-57.
Heinrichswalde
(Friedlander Grosse
Wiese/MecklenburgVolpommern)
N2O
Figure 2 and
Table 2
Direct
Extraction
No
Augustin, J., W. Merbach, et al. (1998) Nitrous oxide fluxes of disturbed
minerotrophic peatlands.. Agribiological Research-Zeitschrift Fur Agrarbiologie
Agrikulturchemie Okologie 51(1): 47-57.
Heinrichswalde
(Friedlander Grosse
Wiese/MecklenburgVolpommern)
N2O
Table 2
Data Thief
Yes
Time (mean only)
Pomerania
DOC
Table 1, p 71
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Mer Bleue
NEE CO2
Figures 1 and 2
Data Thief
Yes
Replicates
Mer Bleue
Rtot CO2
Figures 1 and 2
Data Thief
Yes
Replicates
Banas, K. and K. Gos (2004) Effect of peat-bog reclamation on the physicochemical characteristics of the ground water in peat.. Polish Journal of Ecology
52(1): 69-74.
Bubier, J. L., T. R. Moore, et al. (2007) Effects of nutrient addition on
vegetation and carbon cycling in an ombrotrophic bog. Global Change Biology
13(6): 1168-1186.
Bubier, J. L., T. R. Moore, et al. (2007) Effects of nutrient addition on
vegetation and carbon cycling in an ombrotrophic bog. Global Change Biology
13(6): 1168-1186.
Cagampan, J. P. and J. M. Waddington (2008) Net ecosystem CO2 exchange of
a cutover peatland rehabilitated with a transplanted acrotelm.. Ecoscience
15(2): 258-267.
Cagampan, J. P. and J. M. Waddington (2008) Net ecosystem CO2 exchange of
a cutover peatland rehabilitated with a transplanted acrotelm.. Ecoscience
15(2): 258-267.
Cagampan, J. P. and J. M. Waddington (2008) Net ecosystem CO2 exchange of
a cutover peatland rehabilitated with a transplanted acrotelm.. Ecoscience
15(2): 258-267.
Cagampan, J. P. and J. M. Waddington (2008) Net ecosystem CO2 exchange of
a cutover peatland rehabilitated with a transplanted acrotelm.. Ecoscience
15(2): 258-267.
Danevcic, T., I. Mandic-Mulec, et al. (2010) Emissions of CO(2), CH(4) and N(2)O
from Southern European peatlands.. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 42(9): 14371446.
Danevcic, T., I. Mandic-Mulec, et al. (2010) Emissions of CO(2), CH(4) and N(2)O
from Southern European peatlands.. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 42(9): 14371446.
Danevcic, T., I. Mandic-Mulec, et al. (2010) Emissions of CO(2), CH(4) and N(2)O
from Southern European peatlands.. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 42(9): 14371446.
Pointe-Lebel
NEE CO2
Figure 5
Data Thief
No
Pointe-Lebel
Rtot CO2
Figure 5
Data Thief
No
Pointe-Lebel
NEE CO2
Figure 5
Data Thief
No
Pointe-Lebel
Rtot CO2
Figure 5
Data Thief
No
Ljubljana Marsh
CH4
Figure 1 and
Table 2
Direct
Extraction
No
Ljubljana Marsh
N2O
Figure 1 and
Table 2
Direct
Extraction
No
Ljubljana Marsh
Rtot CO2
Figure 1 and
Table 2
Direct
Extraction
No
Dias, A. T. C., B. Hoorens, et al. (2010) Plant Species Composition Can Be Used
as a Proxy to Predict Methane Emissions in Peatland Ecosystems After LandUse Changes.. Ecosystems 13(4): 526-538.
Nieuwkoopse Plassen
CH4
Table 1
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Dias, A. T. C., B. Hoorens, et al. (2010) Plant Species Composition Can Be Used
as a Proxy to Predict Methane Emissions in Peatland Ecosystems After LandUse Changes.. Ecosystems 13(4): 526-538.
Nieuwkoopse Plassen
CH4
Table 1
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Dias, A. T. C., B. Hoorens, et al. (2010) Plant Species Composition Can Be Used
as a Proxy to Predict Methane Emissions in Peatland Ecosystems After LandUse Changes.. Ecosystems 13(4): 526-538.
Het Guisveld
CH4
Table 1
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Zegveld
NEE CO2
Table 2
Direct
Extraction
No
Zegveld
Rtot CO2
Table 2
Direct
Extraction
No
Donauriad fen
DOC
Table 1
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Dirks, B. O. M., A. Hensen, et al. (2000) Effect of drainage on CO2 exchange
patterns in an intensively managed peat pasture.. Climate Research 14(1): 5763.
Dirks, B. O. M., A. Hensen, et al. (2000) Effect of drainage on CO2 exchange
patterns in an intensively managed peat pasture.. Climate Research 14(1): 5763.
Fiedler, S., B. S. Hoell, et al. (2008) Particulate organic carbon (POC) in relation
to other pore water carbon fractions in drained and rewetted fens in Southern
Germany.. Biogeosciences 5(6): 1615-1623.
Soil depth
Fiedler, S., B. S. Hoell, et al. (2008) Particulate organic carbon (POC) in relation
to other pore water carbon fractions in drained and rewetted fens in Southern
Germany.. Biogeosciences 5(6): 1615-1623.
Donauriad fen
POC (TOCDOC)
Table 1
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Soil depth
Fiedler, S., B. S. Hoell, et al. (2008) Particulate organic carbon (POC) in relation
to other pore water carbon fractions in drained and rewetted fens in Southern
Germany.. Biogeosciences 5(6): 1615-1623.
Donauriad fen
DOC
Table 1
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Soil depth
Fiedler, S., B. S. Hoell, et al. (2008) Particulate organic carbon (POC) in relation
to other pore water carbon fractions in drained and rewetted fens in Southern
Germany.. Biogeosciences 5(6): 1615-1623.
Donauriad fen
POC (TOCDOC)
Table 1
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Soil depth
Glatzel, S., K. Kalbitz, et al. (2003) Dissolved organic matter properties and their
relationship to carbon dioxide efflux from restored peat bogs.. Geoderma
113(3-4): 397-411.
Riviere de Loup
DOC
Figure 1
Data Thief
No
Glatzel, S., K. Kalbitz, et al. (2003) Dissolved organic matter properties and their
relationship to carbon dioxide efflux from restored peat bogs.. Geoderma
113(3-4): 397-411.
Riviere de Loup
Rtot CO2
Table 1
Direct
Extraction
No
Glatzel, S., K. Kalbitz, et al. (2003) Dissolved organic matter properties and their
relationship to carbon dioxide efflux from restored peat bogs.. Geoderma
113(3-4): 397-411.
Riviere de Loup
DOC
Figure 1
Data Thief
No
Glatzel, S., K. Kalbitz, et al. (2003) Dissolved organic matter properties and their
relationship to carbon dioxide efflux from restored peat bogs.. Geoderma
113(3-4): 397-411.
Riviere de Loup
DOC
Figure 1
Data Thief
No
Glatzel, S., K. Kalbitz, et al. (2003) Dissolved organic matter properties and their
relationship to carbon dioxide efflux from restored peat bogs.. Geoderma
113(3-4): 397-411.
Riviere de Loup
DOC
Figure 1
Data Thief
No
Glatzel, S., K. Kalbitz, et al. (2003) Dissolved organic matter properties and their
relationship to carbon dioxide efflux from restored peat bogs.. Geoderma
113(3-4): 397-411.
Riviere de Loup
Rtot CO2
Table 1
Direct
Extraction
No
Glatzel, S., K. Kalbitz, et al. (2003) Dissolved organic matter properties and their
relationship to carbon dioxide efflux from restored peat bogs.. Geoderma
113(3-4): 397-411.
Riviere de Loup
Rtot CO2
Table 1
Direct
Extraction
No
Glatzel, S., K. Kalbitz, et al. (2003) Dissolved organic matter properties and their
relationship to carbon dioxide efflux from restored peat bogs.. Geoderma
113(3-4): 397-411.
Riviere de Loup
Rtot CO2
Table 1
Direct
Extraction
No
Glenn, S., A. Heyes, et al. (1993) CARBON-DIOXIDE AND METHANE FLUXES
FROM DRAINED PEAT SOILS, SOUTHERN QUEBEC.. Global Biogeochemical
Cycles 7(2): 247-257.
Napierville
CH4
Figures 1 and 2
and Table 2
Direct
Extraction
No
Glenn, S., A. Heyes, et al. (1993) CARBON-DIOXIDE AND METHANE FLUXES
FROM DRAINED PEAT SOILS, SOUTHERN QUEBEC.. Global Biogeochemical
Cycles 7(2): 247-257.
Napierville
Rtot CO2
Figures 1 and 2
and Table 2
Direct
Extraction
No
Godin et al. (2012) Methane and methanogen community dynamics across a
boreal peatland nutrient gradient. Soil Biology & Biochemistry
Ontario
CH4
Figure 1
Data Thief
Yes
Time
Godin et al. (2012) Methane and methanogen community dynamics across a
boreal peatland nutrient gradient. Soil Biology & Biochemistry
Ontario
DOC
Table 1
Data Thief
Yes
Time
Godin et al. (2012) Methane and methanogen community dynamics across a
boreal peatland nutrient gradient. Soil Biology & Biochemistry
Ontario
Rtot CO2
Figure 1
Data Thief
Yes
Time
Höll, B. S., S. Fiedler, et al. (2009) Characteristics of dissolved organic matter
following 20 years of peatland restoration.. Science of the Total Environment
408(1): 78-83.
Donauried
DOC
Table 1
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Soil depth
Hyvonen, N. P., J. T. Huttuneen, et al. (2009) Fluxes of nitrous oxide and
methane on an abandoned peat extraction site: Effect of reed canary grass
cultivation.. Bioresource Technology 100(20): 4723-4730.
Linnansuo
CH4
Figures 2 and 3
and Table 3
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Time
Hyvonen, N. P., J. T. Huttuneen, et al. (2009) Fluxes of nitrous oxide and
methane on an abandoned peat extraction site: Effect of reed canary grass
cultivation.. Bioresource Technology 100(20): 4723-4730.
Linnansuo
N2O
Figures 2 and 3
and Table 3
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Time
Ikkonen, E. N., V. K. Kurets, et al. (2001) The rate of carbon dioxide emission
into the atmosphere from a southern Karelian mesooligotrophic bog.. Russian
Journal of Ecology 32(6): 382-385
Karelia
Rtot CO2
Figure 1
Direct
Extraction
No
Kalbitz, K., H. Rupp, et al. (2002) N,P- and DOC-dynamics in soil and
groundwater after restoration of intensively cultivated fens.. in Broll, G;
Merbach, W.; Pfeiffer, E.-M.: Wetlands in Central Europe: Soil organisms, soil
ecological processes and trace gas emissions, Springer Verlag, 99-116 (2002)
Dromling
DOC
Table 4 and
Figures 9 and 10
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Kalbitz, K., H. Rupp, et al. (2002) N,P- and DOC-dynamics in soil and
groundwater after restoration of intensively cultivated fens.. in Broll, G;
Merbach, W.; Pfeiffer, E.-M.: Wetlands in Central Europe: Soil organisms, soil
ecological processes and trace gas emissions, Springer Verlag, 99-116 (2002)
Dromling
DOC
Table 4 and
Figures 9 and 10
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Southern Sweden
CH4
Table 2 and 3,
Figure 4
Direct
Extraction
No
Southern Sweden
N2O
Table 2 and 3,
Figure 4
Direct
Extraction
No
Bodin
CH4
Figure 6
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Klemedtsson, A. K., P. Weslien, et al. (2009) Methane and nitrous oxide fluxes
from a farmed Swedish Histosol.. European Journal of Soil Science 60(3): 321331.
Klemedtsson, A. K., P. Weslien, et al. (2009) Methane and nitrous oxide fluxes
from a farmed Swedish Histosol.. European Journal of Soil Science 60(3): 321331.
Klove, B., T. E. Sveistrup, et al. (2010) Leaching of nutrients and emission of
greenhouse gases from peatland cultivation at Bodin, Northern Norway..
Geoderma 154(3-4): 219-232.
Generated from
replicate means
Klove, B., T. E. Sveistrup, et al. (2010) Leaching of nutrients and emission of
greenhouse gases from peatland cultivation at Bodin, Northern Norway..
Geoderma 154(3-4): 219-232.
Klove, B., T. E. Sveistrup, et al. (2010) Leaching of nutrients and emission of
greenhouse gases from peatland cultivation at Bodin, Northern Norway..
Geoderma 154(3-4): 219-232.
Bodin
N2O
Figure 6
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Generated from
replicate means
Bodin
Rtot CO2
Figure 6
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Generated from
replicate means
Komulainen, V. M., E. S. Tuittila, et al. (1999) Restoration of drained peatlands
in southern Finland: initial effects on vegetation change and CO2 balance..
Journal of Applied Ecology 36(5): 634-648.
Komilamminsuo mire
(fen)
Rtot CO2
Tables 3 to 6, and
Figure 6
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Komulainen, V. M., E. S. Tuittila, et al. (1999) Restoration of drained peatlands
in southern Finland: initial effects on vegetation change and CO2 balance..
Journal of Applied Ecology 36(5): 634-648.
Viheriaisenneva mire
(bog)
Rtot CO2
Tables 3 to 6, and
Figure 6
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Komilamminsuo mire
CH4
Figure 2 and
Table 3
Direct
Extraction
No
Viheriaisenneva mire
CH4
Table 3
Direct
Extraction
No
Lakkasuo
Carbon
stores
p309 (last
paragraph)
Direct
Extraction
No
Leifeld, J., M. Mueller, et al. (2011) Peatland subsidence and carbon loss from
drained temperate fens.. Soil Use and Management 27(2): 170-176.
Witzwil
Long-term
subsidence
Table 2 and
Figure 3
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Leifeld, J., M. Mueller, et al. (2011) Peatland subsidence and carbon loss from
drained temperate fens.. Soil Use and Management 27(2): 170-176.
Witzwil
SOC
Table 1
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Soil depth
CH4
Figures 2 and 3
(CO2), p2138
(N2O), p2139
(CH4)
Data Thief
No
N2O
Figures 2 and 3
(CO2), p2138
(N2O), p2139
(CH4)
Data Thief
No
Komulainen, V. M., H. Nyka̋nan, et al. (1998) Short-term effect of restoration
on vegetation change and methane emissions from peatlands drained for
forestry in southern Finland.. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28(3): 402411.
Komulainen, V. M., H. Nyka̋nan, et al. (1998) Short-term effect of restoration
on vegetation change and methane emissions from peatlands drained for
forestry in southern Finland.. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28(3): 402411.
Laine, J. and K. Minkkinen (1996) Effect of forest drainage on the carbon
balance of a mire: A case study.. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 11(3):
307-312.
Lund, M., T. R. Christensen, et al. (2009) Effects of N and P fertilization on the
greenhouse gas exchange in two northern peatlands with contrasting N
deposition rates. Biogeosciences 6(10): 2135-2144.
Lund, M., T. R. Christensen, et al. (2009) Effects of N and P fertilization on the
greenhouse gas exchange in two northern peatlands with contrasting N
deposition rates. Biogeosciences 6(10): 2135-2144.
Fajemyr
Fajemyr
Lund, M., T. R. Christensen, et al. (2009) Effects of N and P fertilization on the
greenhouse gas exchange in two northern peatlands with contrasting N
deposition rates. Biogeosciences 6(10): 2135-2144.
Fajemyr
NEE CO2
Figures 2 and 3
(CO2), p2138
(N2O), p2139
(CH4)
Data Thief
No
Data Thief
No
Lund, M., T. R. Christensen, et al. (2009) Effects of N and P fertilization on the
greenhouse gas exchange in two northern peatlands with contrasting N
deposition rates. Biogeosciences 6(10): 2135-2144.
Fajemyr
Rtot CO2
Figures 2 and 3
(CO2), p2138
(N2O), p2139
(CH4)
Makiranta, P., J. Hytonen, et al. (2007) Soil greenhouse gas emissions from
afforested organic soil croplands and cutaway peatlands.. Boreal Environment
Research 12(2): 159-175.
Nation wide survey
CH4
Figure 8
Data Thief
Yes
Replicates
Makiranta, P., J. Hytonen, et al. (2007) Soil greenhouse gas emissions from
afforested organic soil croplands and cutaway peatlands.. Boreal Environment
Research 12(2): 159-175.
Nation wide survey
Rtot CO2
Figure 5
Data Thief
Yes
Replicates
Maljanen, M., J. Hytonen, et al. (2001) Fluxes of N2O, CH4 and CO2 on
afforested boreal agricultural soils.. Plant and Soil 231(1): 113-121.
Western Finland
CH4
Figure 1 and
Table 3
Data Thief
Yes
Time
Maljanen, M., J. Hytonen, et al. (2001) Fluxes of N2O, CH4 and CO2 on
afforested boreal agricultural soils.. Plant and Soil 231(1): 113-121.
Western Finland
N2O
Figure 1 and
Table 3
Data Thief
Yes
Time
Maljanen, M., J. Hytonen, et al. (2001) Fluxes of N2O, CH4 and CO2 on
afforested boreal agricultural soils.. Plant and Soil 231(1): 113-121.
Western Finland
Rtot CO2
Figure 1 and
Table 3
Data Thief
Yes
Time
Kannus
CH4
Table 1 and
Figure 2
Data Thief
Yes
Time
Kannus
N2O
Table 1 and
Figure 2
Data Thief
Yes
Time
Kannus
Rtot CO2
Table 1 and
Figure 2
Data Thief
Yes
Time
Kannus
Soil air
N2O
Figure 2
Data Thief
Yes
Time
Lakkasuo
N2O
Figure 1 and
Table 1
Data Thief
Yes
Time (mean only)
Maljanen, M., J. Hytonen, et al. (2010) Cold-season nitrous oxide dynamics in a
drained boreal peatland differ depending on land-use practice.. Canadian
Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 40(3):
565-572.
Maljanen, M., J. Hytonen, et al. (2010) Cold-season nitrous oxide dynamics in a
drained boreal peatland differ depending on land-use practice.. Canadian
Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 40(3):
565-572.
Maljanen, M., J. Hytonen, et al. (2010) Cold-season nitrous oxide dynamics in a
drained boreal peatland differ depending on land-use practice.. Canadian
Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 40(3):
565-572.
Maljanen, M., J. Hytonen, et al. (2010) Cold-season nitrous oxide dynamics in a
drained boreal peatland differ depending on land-use practice.. Canadian
Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 40(3):
565-572.
Martikainen, P. J., H. Nykanen, et al. (1993) EFFECT OF A LOWERED WATERTABLE ON NITROUS-OXIDE FLUXES FROM NORTHERN PEATLANDS.. Nature
366(6450): 51-53.
Martikainen, P. J., H. Nykanen, et al. (1995) CHANGE IN FLUXES OF CARBONDIOXIDE, METHANE AND NITROUS-OXIDE DUE TO FOREST DRAINAGE OF MIRE
SITES OF DIFFERENT TROPHY.. Plant and Soil 168: 571-577.
Lakkasuo
CH4
Figure 3
Data Thief
Yes
Time (mean only)
Martikainen, P. J., H. Nykanen, et al. (1995) CHANGE IN FLUXES OF CARBONDIOXIDE, METHANE AND NITROUS-OXIDE DUE TO FOREST DRAINAGE OF MIRE
SITES OF DIFFERENT TROPHY.. Plant and Soil 168: 571-577.
Lakkasuo
CH4
Figure 3
Data Thief
Yes
Time (mean only)
Martikainen, P. J., H. Nykanen, et al. (1995) CHANGE IN FLUXES OF CARBONDIOXIDE, METHANE AND NITROUS-OXIDE DUE TO FOREST DRAINAGE OF MIRE
SITES OF DIFFERENT TROPHY.. Plant and Soil 168: 571-577.
Lakkasuo
N2O
Figure 3
Data Thief
Yes
Time (mean only)
Martikainen, P. J., H. Nykanen, et al. (1995) CHANGE IN FLUXES OF CARBONDIOXIDE, METHANE AND NITROUS-OXIDE DUE TO FOREST DRAINAGE OF MIRE
SITES OF DIFFERENT TROPHY.. Plant and Soil 168: 571-577.
Lakkasuo
N2O
Figure 3
Data Thief
Yes
Time (mean only)
Martikainen, P. J., H. Nykanen, et al. (1995) CHANGE IN FLUXES OF CARBONDIOXIDE, METHANE AND NITROUS-OXIDE DUE TO FOREST DRAINAGE OF MIRE
SITES OF DIFFERENT TROPHY.. Plant and Soil 168: 571-577.
Lakkasuo
Rtot CO2
Figure 3
Data Thief
Yes
Time (mean only)
Martikainen, P. J., H. Nykanen, et al. (1995) CHANGE IN FLUXES OF CARBONDIOXIDE, METHANE AND NITROUS-OXIDE DUE TO FOREST DRAINAGE OF MIRE
SITES OF DIFFERENT TROPHY.. Plant and Soil 168: 571-577.
Lakkasuo
Rtot CO2
Figure 3
Data Thief
Yes
Time (mean only)
Minkkinen, K. and J. Laine (2006) Vegetation heterogeneity and ditches create
spatial variability in methane fluxes from peatlands drained for forestry.. Plant
and Soil 285(1-2): 289-304.
Lakkasuo
CH4
Figures 2, 3 and 6
and Table 6
Data Thief
Yes
Time
Torehape
DOC
Table 3
Direct
Extraction
No
Torehape
DOC
Table 3
Direct
Extraction
No
Nagata, O., T. Yazaki, et al. (2010) Nitrous oxide emissions from drained and
mineral soil-dressed peatland in central Hokkaido, Japan.. Journal of
Agricultural Meteorology 66(1): 23-30.
Hokkaido
N2O
Tables 3 and 4
and Figure 4
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Time
Nykanen, H. (1995) Emissions of CH4, N2O and CO2 from a virgin fen and a fen
drained for grassland in Finland.. (Journal Article).
Ilomantsi
CH4
Figure 2 and
Table 2
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Time
Nykanen, H. (1995) Emissions of CH4, N2O and CO2 from a virgin fen and a fen
drained for grassland in Finland.. (Journal Article).
Ilomantsi
N2O
Figure 2 and
Table 2
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Time
Nykanen, H. (1995) Emissions of CH4, N2O and CO2 from a virgin fen and a fen
drained for grassland in Finland.. (Journal Article).
Ilomantsi
Rtot CO2
Figure 2 and
Table 2
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Time
Moore, T. R. and B. R. Clarkson (2007) Dissolved organic carbon in New Zealand
peatlands.. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 41(1):
137-141.
Moore, T. R. and B. R. Clarkson (2007) Dissolved organic carbon in New Zealand
peatlands.. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 41(1):
137-141.
Nykanen, H., J. Alm, et al. (1998) Methane fluxes on boreal peatlands of
different fertility and the effect of long-term experimental lowering of the
water table on flux rates.. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12(1): 53-69.
Lakkasuo
CH4
Table 3
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Nykanen, H., J. Alm, et al. (1998) Methane fluxes on boreal peatlands of
different fertility and the effect of long-term experimental lowering of the
water table on flux rates.. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12(1): 53-69.
Ilomantsi
CH4
Table 3
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Nykanen, H., J. Alm, et al. (1998) Methane fluxes on boreal peatlands of
different fertility and the effect of long-term experimental lowering of the
water table on flux rates.. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12(1): 53-69.
Lakkasuo
Rtot CO2
Table 3
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Nykanen, H., J. Alm, et al. (1998) Methane fluxes on boreal peatlands of
different fertility and the effect of long-term experimental lowering of the
water table on flux rates.. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12(1): 53-69.
Ilomantsi
Rtot CO2
Table 3
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Petersen, S. O., C. C. Hoffmann, et al. (2011) Annual emissions of CH4 and N2O,
and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark
managed by agriculture.. Biogeosciences Discussions 8(5): 10017-10067.
Nation wide survey
CH4
Table 5 and
Figures 7 to 9
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Petersen, S. O., C. C. Hoffmann, et al. (2011) Annual emissions of CH4 and N2O,
and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark
managed by agriculture.. Biogeosciences Discussions 8(5): 10017-10067.
Nation wide survey
CH4
Table 5 and
Figures 7 to 9
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Petersen, S. O., C. C. Hoffmann, et al. (2011) Annual emissions of CH4 and N2O,
and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark
managed by agriculture.. Biogeosciences Discussions 8(5): 10017-10067.
Nation wide survey
N2O
Table 5 and
Figures 7 to 9
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Petersen, S. O., C. C. Hoffmann, et al. (2011) Annual emissions of CH4 and N2O,
and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark
managed by agriculture.. Biogeosciences Discussions 8(5): 10017-10067.
Nation wide survey
N2O
Table 5 and
Figures 7 to 9
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Petersen, S. O., C. C. Hoffmann, et al. (2011) Annual emissions of CH4 and N2O,
and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark
managed by agriculture.. Biogeosciences Discussions 8(5): 10017-10067.
Nation wide survey
Rtot CO2
Table 5 and
Figures 7 to 9
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Petersen, S. O., C. C. Hoffmann, et al. (2011) Annual emissions of CH4 and N2O,
and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark
managed by agriculture.. Biogeosciences Discussions 8(5): 10017-10067.
Nation wide survey
Rtot CO2
Table 5 and
Figures 7 to 9
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Regina, K., E. Syvasalo, et al. (2004) Fluxes of N2O from farmed peat soils in
Finland.. European Journal of Soil Science 55(3): 591-599.
Rovaniemi
N2O
Figures 1 and
Table 2
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Time and
replicates
Regina, K., E. Syvasalo, et al. (2004) Fluxes of N2O from farmed peat soils in
Finland.. European Journal of Soil Science 55(3): 591-599.
Jokioinen
N2O
Figure 3 and
Table 2
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Time and
replicates
Regina, K., H. Nykanen, et al. (1996) Fluxes of nitrous oxide from boreal
peatlands as affected by peatland type, water table level and nitrification
capacity.. Biogeochemistry 35(3): 401-418.
Central and eastern
Finland
N2O
Table 2
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Replicates
Rochette, P., N. Tremblay, et al. (2010) N(2)O emissions from an irrigated and
non-irrigated organic soil in eastern Canada as influenced by N fertilizer
addition.. European Journal of Soil Science 61(2): 186-196.
Sainte-Clotilde-deChateauguay
N2O
Table 2
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Time and
replicates
Rochette, P., N. Tremblay, et al. (2010) N(2)O emissions from an irrigated and
non-irrigated organic soil in eastern Canada as influenced by N fertilizer
addition.. European Journal of Soil Science 61(2): 186-196.
Sainte-Clotilde-deChateauguay
N2O
Table 2
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Time and
replicates
Rochette, P., N. Tremblay, et al. (2010) N(2)O emissions from an irrigated and
non-irrigated organic soil in eastern Canada as influenced by N fertilizer
addition.. European Journal of Soil Science 61(2): 186-196.
Sainte-Clotilde-deChateauguay
Soil
surface
N2O
Figures 1 and 2
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Time and
replicates
Roulet, N. T., R. Ash, et al. (1993) METHANE FLUX FROM DRAINED NORTHERN
PEATLANDS - EFFECT OF A PERSISTENT WATER-TABLE LOWERING ON FLUX..
Global Biogeochemical Cycles 7(4): 749-769.
Wally Creek
CH4
Table 3 and
Figures 2, 3, 4 and
7
Direct
Extraction
No
Schipper, L. A. and M. McLeod (2002) Subsidence rates and carbon loss in peat
soils following conversion to pasture in the Waikato Region, New Zealand.. Soil
Use and Management 18(2): 91-93.
Moanatuatua
Carbon
stores
Table 1
Direct
Extraction
No
Schrier-Uijl, A. P. (2010) Flushing meadows - the influence of management
alternatives on the greenhouse gas balance of fen meadow areas, Wageningen
Universiteit (Wageningen University).. Thesis
Western Netherlands
CH4
Table 3.3
(Chapter 3)
Data Thief
Yes
Microform
Lakkasuo
Rtot CO2
Table 3 and
Figure 4
Data Thief
Yes
Replicates
Ilomantsi
Rtot CO2
Table 3 and
Figure 4
Data Thief
Yes
Replicates
Rasivaara
Rtot CO2
Table 3 and
Figure 4
Data Thief
Yes
Replicates
Soini, P., T. Riutta, et al. (2010) Comparison of Vegetation and CO(2) Dynamics
Between a Restored Cut-Away Peatland and a Pristine Fen: Evaluation of the
Restoration Success.. Restoration Ecology 18(6): 894-903.
Central Finland
NEE CO2
Figure 6
Data Thief
No
Soini, P., T. Riutta, et al. (2010) Comparison of Vegetation and CO(2) Dynamics
Between a Restored Cut-Away Peatland and a Pristine Fen: Evaluation of the
Restoration Success.. Restoration Ecology 18(6): 894-903.
Central Finland
Rtot CO2
Figure 6
Data Thief
No
Silvola, J., J. Alm, et al. (1996) CO2 fluxes from peat in boreal mires under
varying temperature and moisture conditions.. Journal of Ecology 84(2): 219228.
Silvola, J., J. Alm, et al. (1996) CO2 fluxes from peat in boreal mires under
varying temperature and moisture conditions.. Journal of Ecology 84(2): 219228.
Silvola, J., J. Alm, et al. (1996) CO2 fluxes from peat in boreal mires under
varying temperature and moisture conditions.. Journal of Ecology 84(2): 219228.
Strack, M. and J. M. Waddington (2007) Response of peatland carbon dioxide
and methane fluxes to a water table drawdown experiment.. Global
Biogeochemical Cycles 21(1): GB1007.
St Charles-deBellechasse
CH4
Table 4
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Microform and
time
Strack, M. and J. M. Waddington (2007) Response of peatland carbon dioxide
and methane fluxes to a water table drawdown experiment.. Global
Biogeochemical Cycles 21(1): GB1007.
St Charles-deBellechasse
NEE CO2
Table 4
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Microform and
time
Strack, M. and J. M. Waddington (2007) Response of peatland carbon dioxide
and methane fluxes to a water table drawdown experiment.. Global
Biogeochemical Cycles 21(1): GB1007.
St Charles-deBellechasse
Rtot CO2
Table 4
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Microform and
time
Strack, M., J. M. Waddington, et al. (2004) Effect of water table drawdown on
northern peatland methane dynamics: Implications for climate change.. Global
Biogeochemical Cycles 18(4).
St Charles-deBellechasse
CH4
Figure 1 and
Table 2
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Microform
St Charles-deBellechasse
NEE CO2
Figures 1 and 2
Data Thief
Yes
Microform and
time
St Charles-deBellechasse
Rtot CO2
Figures 1 and 2
Data Thief
Yes
Microform and
time
St Charles-deBellechasse
DOC
Figure 3
Data Thief
Yes
Time
Strack, M., J. M. Waddington, et al. (2009) Moisture controls on CO(2)
exchange in a Sphagnum-dominated peatland: results from an extreme
drought field experiment.. Ecohydrology 2(4): 454-461.
Pointe-Lebel
NEE CO2
Figure 4
Data Thief
Yes
Water Table
Strack, M., J. M. Waddington, et al. (2009) Moisture controls on CO(2)
exchange in a Sphagnum-dominated peatland: results from an extreme
drought field experiment.. Ecohydrology 2(4): 454-461.
Pointe-Lebel
Rtot CO2
Figure 4
Data Thief
Yes
Temperature
Tuittila, E. S., V. M. Komulainen, et al. (1999) Restored cut-away peatland as a
sink for atmospheric CO2.. Oecologia 120(4): 563-574.
Aitoneva
Rtot CO2
Figure 3
Data Thief
Yes
Time and
replicates
Tuittila, E. S., V. M. Komulainen, et al. (2000) Methane dynamics of a restored
cut-away peatland.. Global Change Biology 6(5): 569-581.
Aitoneva
CH4
Figure 2 and
Table 2
Data Thief
Yes
Time and
replicates
van Beek, C. L., M. Pleijter, et al. (2010) Emissions of N(2)O from fertilized and
grazed grassland on organic soil in relation to groundwater level.. Nutrient
Cycling in Agroecosystems 86(3): 331-340.
Zegveld
N2O
Tables 2 and 4
and Figure 2
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Time
Strack, M., J. M. Waddington, et al. (2006) Response of vegetation and net
ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange at different peatland microforms following
water table drawdown.. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences
111(G2).
Strack, M., J. M. Waddington, et al. (2006) Response of vegetation and net
ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange at different peatland microforms following
water table drawdown.. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences
111(G2).
Strack, M., J. M. Waddington, et al. (2008) Effect of water table drawdown on
peatland dissolved organic carbon export and dynamics.. Hydrological
Processes 22(17): 3373-3385.
van Beek, C. L., M. Pleijter, et al. (2011) Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilized
and unfertilized grasslands on peat soil.. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems
89(3): 453-461.
van Beek, C. L., M. Pleijter, et al. (2011) Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilized
and unfertilized grasslands on peat soil.. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems
89(3): 453-461.
Zegveld
N2O
Table 1 and
Figures 2 and 3
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Time and
replicates
Zegveld
N2O
Figures 2 and 3
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Time and
replicates
van den Pol-van Dasselaar, et al (1999) Effects of nitrogen input and grazing on
methane fluxes of extensively and intensively managed grasslands in the
Netherlands. Biology and Fertility of Soils 29(1); 24-30
Zegveld
CH4
Table 2 and
Figure 3
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Time and
replicates
van den Pol-van Dasselaar, et al (1999) Effects of nitrogen input and grazing on
methane fluxes of extensively and intensively managed grasslands in the
Netherlands. Biology and Fertility of Soils 29(1); 24-30
Zegveld
CH4
Table 2 and
Figure 3
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Time and
replicates
van den Pol-van Dasselaar, et al (1999) Effects of nitrogen input and grazing on
methane fluxes of extensively and intensively managed grasslands in the
Netherlands. Biology and Fertility of Soils 29(1); 24-30
Zegveld
CH4
Table 2 and
Figure 3
Direct
Extraction
Yes
Time and
replicates
vandenPolvanDasselaar, A., M. L. vanBeusichem, et al. (1997) Effects of
grassland management on the emission of methane from intensively managed
grasslands on peat soil.. Plant and Soil 189(1): 1-9.
Zegveld
CH4
Table 3 and
Figure 2
Direct
Extraction
No
Veenendaal, E. M., O. Kolle, et al. (2007) CO2 exchange and carbon balance in
two grassland sites on eutrophic drained peat soils.. Biogeosciences 4(6): 10271040.
Reeuwijk
Rtot CO2
(R10 - at
10
degrees)
Figures 6 to 9, p
1033 (R10)
Direct
Extraction
No
Velthof, G. L. and O. Oenema (1995) Nitrous oxide fluxes from grassland in the
Netherlands .2. Effects of soil type, nitrogen fertilizer application and grazing..
European Journal of Soil Science 46(4): 541-549.
Zegveld
N2O
Figures 3 to 5
Data Thief
Yes
Generated from
replicate means
Velthof, G. L. and O. Oenema (1995) Nitrous oxide fluxes from grassland in the
Netherlands .2. Effects of soil type, nitrogen fertilizer application and grazing..
European Journal of Soil Science 46(4): 541-549.
Zegveld
N2O
Figures 3 to 5
Data Thief
Yes
Generated from
replicate means
Velthof, G. L. and O. Oenema (1995) Nitrous oxide fluxes from grassland in the
Netherlands .2. Effects of soil type, nitrogen fertilizer application and grazing..
European Journal of Soil Science 46(4): 541-549.
Zegveld
N2O
Figures 3 to 5
Data Thief
Yes
Generated from
replicate means
Von Arnold, K., P. Weslien, et al. (2005) Fluxes of CO(2), CH(4) and N(2)O from
drained coniferous forests on organic soils.. Forest Ecology and Management
210(1-3): 239-254.
Asa
CH4
Figure 2 to 5 and
Tables 3, 4, 5 and
7
Data Thief
Yes
Time
Von Arnold, K., P. Weslien, et al. (2005) Fluxes of CO(2), CH(4) and N(2)O from
drained coniferous forests on organic soils.. Forest Ecology and Management
210(1-3): 239-254.
Asa
N2O
Figure 2 to 5 and
Tables 3, 4, 5 and
7
Data Thief
Yes
Time
Von Arnold, K., P. Weslien, et al. (2005) Fluxes of CO(2), CH(4) and N(2)O from
drained coniferous forests on organic soils.. Forest Ecology and Management
210(1-3): 239-254.
Asa
Rtot CO2
Figure 2 to 5 and
Tables 3, 4, 5 and
7
Data Thief
Yes
Time
Bois-des-Bel
CH4
Figures 3 and 4
and Table 2
Data Thief
Yes
Microform and
time
Bois-des-Bel
CH4
porewater
Figures 3 and 4
and Table 2
Data Thief
Yes
Microform and
time
Waddington, J. M., K. D. Warner, et al. (2002) Cutover peatlands: A persistent
source of atmospheric CO2.. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 16(1).
Quebec
Rtot CO2
Figure 5
Data Thief
Yes
Distance from
exposure (mean
only)
Waddington, J. M., K. Toth, et al. (2008) Dissolved organic carbon export from
a cutover and restored peatland.. Hydrological Processes 22(13): 2215-2224.
Bois-des-Bel
DOC
Figure 2 and
Table II
Data Thief
Yes
Time
Webster, K. L. (2010) Importance of the Water Table in Controlling Dissolved
Carbon along a Fen Nutrient Gradient. (Journal Article).
White River
DOC
Figures 2 and 3
and Table 1
Data Thief
Yes
Time
Waddington, J. M. and S. M. Day (2007) Methane emissions from a peatland
following restoration.. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences
112(G3).
Waddington, J. M. and S. M. Day (2007) Methane emissions from a peatland
following restoration.. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences
112(G3).