NATIONAL 5 LIFESKILLS
MATHEMATICS
Numeracy 5


Charts, Graphs and Tables
Probability
Graphs, Charts and Tables
Things you might need to be able to do with Graphs, Charts and
Tables
1. Read tables (with at least five categories of information)
2. Read a Graph/Chart and make decisions based on patterns and
trends or relationships in data and use evidence to justify descions.
(comparative/compound bar char, pie charts, maps, scatter graph,
line graph, stem and leaf)
1. Read tables
Example
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(with at least five categories of information)
Example 2
Look at the table shown below which gives the details of
holiday prices of two different hotels during July and
August. Prices shown are per person.
a)
How much would it cost for a holiday
for two adults and one child aged 7,
for 14 nights, to the Royal Seafront
Hotel arriving on the 12th of August?
b)
If two adults want to travel to the
Club Soleil Hotel for 7 nights on a
budget of £600. What travel date is
available to them?
Extra practise National 5 lifeskills MIA page 73 Exercise 4.3A Q1-5
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2. Read Charts and Graphs
(maps, bar charts, line graphs, scatter
graphs, pie charts, stem and leaf diagrams)
MIA pg 112-115
MIA pg 120-123
Examples
1. A scatter graph showing pupils test results in Maths and Science is shown
a) What would be the expected
Science score if a pupil scored
70 in Maths?
b) What would be the expected
Maths score if a pupil scored
84 in Science?
c) What would be the expected
Science score if a pupil scored
68 in Maths?
d) What would be the expected
Maths score if a pupil scored
86 in Science?
2. The age distribution for 4 different countries is presented in the following
compound bar chart.
a) Name the Country with the
highest percentage of
population below 15 years
old.
b) Name the country with the
lowest percentage of
population below 64 years
old.
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3. A back to back Stem and Leaf diagram shows the pulse rates of a group before and
after exercise.
a) What is the highest pulse
rate before exercise?
b) What is the highest pulse
rate after exercise?
c) What is the lowest pulse
rate recorded?
d) How many people where
tested?
e) How many people had scores in the 80’s after exercise?
4. The following conversion line graph is used to determine the cost of a taxi journey.
Given that the point ‘A’ shows
10km costs £7.
a) How much would 20 km cost?
b) How much would 5 km cost?
c) How much does it cost to
travel zero km?
d) How much does 1km cost?
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5.
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Probability
Things you might need to be able to do with Probability
1. Calculate Probability
2. P(A or B)
3. P(A and B)
4. Identify the effects of Bias
5. Use the evidence from interpretation of probability to
justify and make decisions.
What is Probability?…
•
Probability is the likelihood or chance of something happening.
•
And that something can be pretty much anything – from something
boring like getting a head when you toss a coin, to something much more
interesting, like the probability of a £300million space rocket returning
safely from it’s mission.
• We use probabilities every single day in the decisions we make without
even knowing it.
Vocabulary
Outcomes – these are all the different things that could happen in a
probability experiment. One question you must always ask yourself is:
“is every outcome equally likely to happen?”
Event – this just means the particular outcome or outcomes we are
interested in
1. Calculate Probability
Rule 4: Probability of something not happening = 1 – P(something happening)
P(not rolling a 6) = 1 – P(6) = 1 6|Page
1
6
6
=6−
1
6
5
=6
What each bit means:
P (event) – this is just a quick way of writing: “the probability of an event
happening”.
e.g. P (rain on Wednesday) means “the probability it will rain on Wednesday”
The number of ways the event could happen – you have to carefully count up
all the different ways there are of the event you are interested in actually
occurring
The total number of possible equally likely outcomes – this is the hardest
and most important bit. You must carefully count up all the total possible
things that could happen, but you must remember that they must all be equally
likely!
And when you get your answer using the formula, it will be a fraction, and you
should simplify if you can!
And everything you need to know about probability comes from this formula!
Example 1
Imagine, for some reason, someone has put each of the 26 letters of the alphabet on
identical tiles and chucked them in a bag. This person then decides it would be fun to get
you to close your eyes and pick tiles out of this bag. You are not so sure, but you decide to
give it a go as it will be a good way of learning about probability.
Question 1: What is the probability of picking out a vowel?
Question 2: What is the probability of picking out a letter?
Question 3: What is the probability of picking out a number?
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Example 2
The results of a maths test where displayed in a stem and leaf diagram, What is the
probability that a pupil chosen at random has scored:A) 35?
B) 11?
C) Above 40?
D) Below 25?
1
1
2
5
3
2
5
4
1
1
5
2
9
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8
5 8 9
3
9
4 6 7
2. P(A or B)
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Examples
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3. P(A and B)
P ( 6 and 6) =
On a single throw of a die P(6) = 1/6
For 2 dice the probability of 2 sixes is the same as 1/6 x 1/6 = 1/36
Can you see why multiplying the individual probabilities together for one event,
(rolling a die) gives us the correct results for 2 events, (rolling 2 dice)?
This is because for each outcome on one die there are 6 outcomes on the other
and so there are 6 x 6 = 36 outcomes in total.
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4. Bias
Example
A survey was conducted within the school Canteen.
Pupils where asked What do you think about school Dinners?
a) Like or b) Dislike
Why is this biased?
How should this survey have been carried out?
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Past Paper Questions
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