[CHP. 20- ROMANTICISM: THE 18TH AND EARLY 19TH CENTURIES]
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Overview
Painting
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ideas set "long ago in faraway places"
encompassed a variety of past styles
considered first modern art movement
The Romantic Movement
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Emphasized democratic attitudes
Created for the people of the time
Looked toward the future
Used dynamic color; fluid, irregular curves; exotic subjects
Showed disdain for lofty messages
ideas set "long ago in far away places"
encompassed a variety of past styles
considered first modern art movement
Edmund Burke
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philosopher and social critic who wrote about the "sublime"
he saw unfinished and preparatory works as superior to finished works because they allowed a viewer to include their own thoughts
Comparison of Neoclassicism and Romanticism
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Neoclassicism: Rational
Romanticism: Emotional
Romanticism
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Romanticism emphasized democratic attitudes
It was meant to be art and literature created for and by contemporaries
Unlike Neoclassicisms, which looked to the past, romanticism was an art of the present – looking toward the future rather than the past
Whereas Neoclassicism emphasized lofty, unpredictable, rational virtues, Romanticism maximized dynamic color, fluid, irregular curves,
and exploited exotic subjects while showing disdain for lofty messages
Key word for Neoclassicism – rational
Key word for Romanticism – emotional
Romanticism placed emphasis on sensitivity, passion, subjective, personal experience, and human feelings in general.
Eugene Delacroix, a French romantic painter, combined an emotional approach with almost brutal realism-which was a quality
unthinkable to the contemporary
Neoclassicists, such as David and Ingres
Ingres, in fact, considered Delacroix the devil incarnate while Delacroix labeled Ingres paintings as tinted drawings
To further anger the Romantics, Ingres referred to Rubens, the hero of the Romantic artists as “That Flemish meat merchant”
Although Neoclassicism and Romanticism were radically different in style- one rational and the other emotional-they had one vital
tendency in common-namely the preference for what were considered important subjects and interesting stories or events
Neoclassical and Romantic artists shared a conviction that only certain elevate, exotic or unusual subjects were fit themes for painting,
and generally looked upon the world as divisible into the significant and the commonplace.
Both schools considered everything that was ordinary or prosaic as unfit for artistic treatment, but that changes with the Realists.
Part 6: Unit Exam Essay Questions
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Compare the Romantic movement with Neoclassicism. How are they similar? What are the differences?
[CHP. 20- ROMANTICISM: THE 18TH AND EARLY 19TH CENTURIES]
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(Rubenistes or Poussinistes?) Using your text, study these two paintings and the artists who created them:
1. The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus
Peter Paul Rubens
1617
2.
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The Burial of Phocion
Nicolas Poussin
1648
Choose the painting you like most. Analyze it in terms of subject, technique, and space. Be prepared to discuss how you
made your choice. .Must be written in essay form—not just an outline. Should be approximately 250–300 words.
Compare the Romantic movement in art and literature with Neoclassicism. How are they similar? What are the differences?
Discuss the new developments in the field of psychology and their relationship to nineteenth-century Romanticism.
How does Goya create sympathy with or aversion to his painted figures? Use examples from this chapter.
What qualities of Romanticism can you identify in Cole, Hicks, and Goya?
Characterize what is meant by "sublime," and discuss the qualities of the sublime in Friedrich's Two Men Contemplating the Moon.
Discuss how Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People combines allegory with politics.
Chapter Outline
ROMANTICISM: THE LATE 18th AND EARLY 19th CENTURIES
Music and poetry; architectural revival styles
Burke on the Sublime (1757)
Artists
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England: Blake; Constable; Turner
France: Rude; Géricault; Delacroix
Germany: Friedrich
Spain: Goya
American Transcendentalism: Emerson; Thoreau
Painters in the United States: Cole; Bingham; Bierstadt; Catlin; Hicks
Key Terms
aquatint
fête galante
binder, binding medium
Romanticism
gouache
Poussinistes
ground
age of revolutions (American, French, and Greek)
luminism
Rubénistes
monolith
Crenellation
rosin
Madame de Pompadour
wash
the great rivals: Ingres vs. Delacroix
watercolor
Prix de Rome
Rococo
the Salon
Enlightenment
Neoclassicism
Thoughts on the Imitation of Greek Art in Painting and salon
Delacroix’s trip to North Africa and journals
Sculpture by Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1755)
excavations at Herculaneum (begun in 1738) and Pompeii (begun in
1748)
Encyclopédie by Denis Diderot (1713‐1784) History of Ancient Art by
Johann Joachim Winckelmann the Grand Tour (1764)
Industrial Revolution
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769‐1821)
Hudson River School
[CHP. 20- ROMANTICISM: THE 18TH AND EARLY 19TH CENTURIES]
Other topics to consider:
Compare the Romantic movement in art and poetry with Neoclassicism. How are they similar? What are the differences?
Discuss the new developments in the field of psychology and their relationship to nineteenth-century Romanticism.
Characterize what is meant by "sublime," and discuss the qualities of the sublime in Friedrich's Moonrise over the Sea.
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