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Computer Concepts
Chapter Six: The Internet
A Guide to this Instructor’s Manual:
We have designed this Instructor’s Manual to supplement and enhance your teaching
experience through classroom activities and a cohesive chapter summary.
This document is organized chronologically, using the same heading in blue that you see in the
textbook. Under each heading you will find (in order): Lecture Notes that summarize the
section, Figures and Boxes found in the section (if any), Teacher Tips, Classroom Activities, and
Lab Activities. Pay special attention to teaching tips, and activities geared towards quizzing
your students, enhancing their critical thinking skills, and encouraging experimentation within
the software.
In addition to this Instructor’s Manual, our Instructor’s Resources CD also contains PowerPoint
Presentations, Test Banks, and other supplements to aid in your teaching experience.
For your students:
Our latest online feature, CourseCasts, is a library of weekly podcasts designed to keep your
students up to date with the latest in technology news. Direct your students to
http://coursecasts.course.com, where they can download the most recent CourseCast onto their
mp3 player. Ken Baldauf, host of CourseCasts, is a faculty member of the Florida State
University Computer Science Department, where he is responsible for teaching technology
classes to thousands of FSU students each year. Ken is an expert in the latest technology and
sorts through and aggregates the most pertinent news and information for CourseCasts so your
students can spend their time enjoying technology, rather than trying to figure it out. Open or
close your lecture with a discussion based on the latest CourseCast.
Table of Contents
Chapter Objectives
Section A: Internet Technology
Section B: Fixed Internet Access
Section C: Portable and Mobile Internet Access
Section D: Internet Services
Section E: Internet Security
Glossary of Key Terms
2
3
5
8
11
13
16
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Chapter Objectives
Students will have mastered the material in Chapter Six when they can answer the following
questions:
 Who created the Internet?
 How do cell phones and PDAs access the
 How does the Internet work?
Internet?
 What is TCP/IP?
 How do chat and instant messaging
 What are the differences between static
work?
IP addresses, dynamic IP addresses,
 Explain how Voice over IP works
private IP addresses, and domain names?
 What are grid and cloud computing?
 Can I find the actual speed of my Internet
 How is FTP different from file sharing
connection?
technologies such as BitTorrent?
 What is the best type of Internet service?
 How do hackers break into computers?
 Is there a difference between portable
 How can I protect my computer from
Internet access and mobile Internet
intrusions?
access?
READING ASSIGNMENT FASTPOLL T/F QUESTIONS:
060100 NAPs such as Earthlink and Comcast offer dial-up and cable Internet access. (Answer:
False) (303)
060200 TCP, IP, UDP, HTTP, and FTP are examples of protocols used on the Internet. (Answer:
True) (305)
060300 204.127.129.100 is an example of an IP address. (Answer: True) (305)
060400 .edu and .ca are examples of top-level domains. (Answer: True) (307)
060500 Internet-based servers can handle multiple tasks using different ports. (Answer: True)
(308)
060600 Utilities such as Ping and Traceroute help you gauge the speed of your Internet connection.
(Answer: True) (310)
060700 10 Mbps is a narrowband Internet connection. (Answer: False) (310)
060800 Dial-up, ISDN, and DSL provide Internet access using telephone cabling. (Answer: True)
(314)
060900 Cable Internet service is fast because it has lots of latency. (Answer: False) (318)
061000 WiMAX uses low-earth orbiting satellites to transport data to the Internet. (Answer: False)
(320)
061100 Portable Internet access includes Mobile WiMAX and Wi-Fi. (Answer: True) (324)
061200 UTMS, EDGE, and HSUPA are examples of broadband ISPs. (Answer: False) (326)
061300 VoIP uses circuit switching technology to send analog data. (Answer: False) (332)
061400 SETI@home is a popular Wi-Fi service provider for non-business consumers. (Answer:
False) (334)
061500 Cloud computing uses distributed grid computing to predict weather. (Answer: False)
(335)
061600 FTP makes it easy to anonymously use a search engine. (Answer: False) (336)
061700 BitTorrent is an Internet security protocol. (Answer: False) (338)
061800 Consumers should use port probes to encrypt data sent over the Internet. (Answer: False)
(341)
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061900 NATs are used by hackers to intercept packets traveling over the Internet. (Answer: False)
(344)
SECTION A: INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
SECTION A OPENER QUESTION:
062100 One reason the Internet works is because TCP/IP offers a global addressing standard.
Which one of the following is accurate in the context of Internet addresses?
a. IPv6 addresses such as 204.127.129.1 are dedicated to educational institutions.
b. Top level domains like EarthLink or AOL are adequate for most consumers.
c. A domain name, such as amazon.com corresponds to a unique IP address.
d. A dynamic IP address begins with www.
(Answer: c)
Background (302)
LECTURE NOTES
 Inform students that the Internet evolved from an experimental network called ARPANET, which
was developed in 1969 to help scientists communicate and share computing resources.
 Note that the Internet is estimated to have 500 million nodes and more than 1.5 billion users. It also
handles more than 1 exabyte of data per day. This is a good place to discuss what an exabyte is
(1.074 billion gigabytes) and just how large that is.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-1
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
 Assign a Project: To get a handle on just how large the Internet is, have the students perform
research on how much data is in the Library of Congress or their own library.
Internet Infrastructure (303)
LECTURE NOTES
 Use Figure 6-2 to discuss network access points and network service providers. Do the companies
that run these (Sprint and Verizon, for example) “own” the Internet? Make sure students
understand why this is not true.
 Explain that Internet service providers operate hardware and software that enable users to connect
to the Internet. These include modem banks, e-mail servers, and devices like domain name servers.
 Use the diagram in Figure 6-3 to discuss hardware.
 Discuss Figure 6-4 with the students and discuss the various hardware components and where they
might be found. For example, a modem may be built into their laptop and they don’t see it but it is
there just the same.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-2, Figure 6-3, Figure 6-4
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
 Assign a Project: Ask students to create a sketch illustrating their Internet connection. Tell them to
be sure to include their ISP in the sketch. Have them identify where each component may be
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found. Where is their ISP located? Where is their NSP located? See if they can research and find
this information.
Quick Quiz:
1. A(n) _______ contains circuitry that converts the data-carrying signals from your computer to
signals that can travel over various communications channels. (Answer: modem)
2. The ___________ is a network of high-capacity communications links that provides the main
routes for data traffic across the Internet. (Answer: Internet backbone)
3. NSP equipment and links are tied together by what? (Answer: Network access points or NAPs)
Internet Protocols, Addresses, and Domains (305)
LECTURE NOTES
 Define a protocol.
 Explain that TCP/IP is the protocol of the Internet.
 Use Figure 6-5 to discuss other Internet protocols such as HTTP and FTP.
 Explain the difference between IP addresses and domain names.
 Look at some IP addresses in context. You can examine the properties of an e-mail message to find
the IP addresses of the servers that transferred the message from one destination to another. In
Microsoft Outlook, for example, right-click a message and then click Options to open the Message
Options dialog box. Scroll through the Internet headers to see the IP addresses of the servers that
handled the e-mail messages.
 Explain that students don’t need to know their IP address to check e-mail, surf the Web, or do any
of their usual activities.
 Use Figure 6-7 to discuss top-level domains. You can have students research top-level domains to
discover which names have been proposed in addition to the ones listed in Figure 6-7.
 Go over the relationship between IP addresses and domain names, and the role of the domain name
server.
 Review the difference between domain names and URLs. A URL is an Internet address of a
document on a computer, whereas a domain name is the IP address of a computer.
 Visit www.register.com to learn how to select and register a domain name. Figure 6-9 illustrates
this process.
 Be sure and discuss the difference between dynamic and static IP address. Go over why you would
use each. Discuss what happens when you use dial-up in term of IP addresses.
TEACHER TIP
Go to several Internet addresses with different top-level domains. Go to some outside the country such as
Canada and the United Kingdom. Examine the relationship between the domain name and the IP address to
show that there is no relationship.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-5, Figure 6-6, Figure 6-7, Figure 6-8, Figure 6-9
Connection Speed (309)
LECTURE NOTES
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Explain that computers on the Internet know where to send a packet of data by using the IP address
of its destination. At each intersection on the backbone, the data’s IP address is examined by a
router, which forwards the data towards its destination.
Discuss the factors that may affect the speed of your Internet connection.
Describe the Ping and Traceroute utilities.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-10
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
 Assign a Project: Have the students do their own ping. On page 301, the second page of this chapter,
there is a Try It section on how to use ping. Have the student do this exercise as well as ping the
school Web page and compare the times. Discuss why the times are different.
 Assign a Project: Have the student do a Traceroute like the one on page 310.
SECTION B: FIXED INTERNET ACCESS
SECTION B OPENER QUESTION:
062200 Although ISPs offer Internet access though dial-up, satellites, WiMAX, ISDN, and DSL,
cable Internet is currently the preferred access method. Why?
a. It is the least expensive.
b. It is the fastest and most widely available technology.
c. It has the highest latency.
d. It was the original Internet access technology.
(Answer: b)
Dial-up Connections (312)
LECTURE NOTES
 Discuss how dial-up connections take place.
 Many students wonder why some pages load more quickly than others do, or why some sites seem
slower during certain times of the day when the speed of their modem remains constant. Review
with students the difference between connection speed and transfer rate, and discuss the reasons
why data is not always transferred at their modem’s highest speed.
 Discuss the difference between analog and digital. Use a digital and analog clock to show the
difference.
 Discuss the function of the modem. Use Figure 6-12 to demonstrate. Explain that the computer is
digital and cannot use analog signals. Use the idea that a light switch cannot be half on. It must be
either on or off.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-11, Figure 6-12, Figure 6-13
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
 Class Discussion: Ask students if they have experience using a dial-up connection. How does its
performance compare to other connections?
DSL, ISDN, and Dedicated Lines (314)
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LECTURE NOTES
 Discuss digital technology. The advantage these connection lines offer is that they are completely
digital, so data does not have to be converted from analog to digital as it does when you use a dialup connection.
 Discuss the difference between a modem and a terminal adapter. Make the point that adapters do
not change the signals from digital to analog and vice versa.
 Note the simultaneous use of voice and data. You can be connected to the Internet, and still talk on
the telephone.
 Explain that although ISDN lines can be affordable, they are most often used by businesses with
small LANs. ISDN connections are also faster than a dial-up connection, but not as fast as DSL or
cable modems. Find out if ISDN is available to customers in your area.
 Describe how DSL works.
 Discuss the speed of DSL.
 Point out that DSL installations typically require a modem and filters.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-14, Figure 6-15, Figure 6-16
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
 Class Discussion: What types of Internet connections are available to students? If students are not
already aware of the fact that not all types of connections are available in all locations, point that
out. Have students compare the performance of different Internet connections they’ve used.
 Quick Quiz:
1. What does DSL stand for? (Answer: digital subscriber line)
2. ____ is a high-speed, digital, always-on, Internet access technology that runs over standard
phone lines. (Answer: DSL)
3. True/False: You need a modem to use ISDN. (Answer: False)
Cable Internet Service (316)
LECTURE NOTES
 Use Figure 6-18 to go over how to set up a cable modem connection.
 Explain that many cable TV companies are also Internet service providers, although they will
usually only provide service to those who also utilize their cable TV services. Since most
communities have only one major cable provider, your local provider choices may be limited.
 Discuss the pros and cons of dial-up and cable modem connections. For example, what advantages
does the cable modem’s always-on connection provide? What risks does this type of connection
introduce?
TEACHER TIP
Do local cable companies offer cable modem access? Ask students to research a local cable television service
provider on the Internet to see if they provide Internet access. If they do, students should report on what
the company requires (for example, must you have a cable modem or will they provide one), what kinds of
services they provide, and how much they charge for the services.
FIGURES
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Figure 6-17, Figure 6-18
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
 Quick Quiz:
1. What does DOCSIS stand for? (Answer: Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)
2. True/False: Most cable Internet service is asymmetric. (Answer: True)
3. True/False: A cable modem can plug directly into a coaxial cable wall jack. (Answer: True)
Satellite Internet Service (318)
LECTURE NOTES
 Discuss who should use satellite Internet service. Communication with satellite Internet service is a
good choice for rural areas.
 Note that satellite Internet service is subject to delays caused by weather, and is slow upstream with
latency delays of 1 or more seconds.
 Explain that a geosynchronous satellite is a satellite whose orbital track on the Earth repeats
regularly over points on the Earth over time. If such a satellite's orbit lies over the equator, it is
called a geostationary satellite. The orbits of the satellites are known as the geosynchronous orbit
and geostationary orbit.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-19, Figure 6-20, Figure 6-21
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
 Assign a Project: Ask students to research whether satellite Internet service is available in their
geographic location.
 Quick Quiz:
1. True/False: Equipment and installation costs for satellite Internet service are higher than other
Internet services. (Answer: True)
2. True/False: Satellite service typically averages 1.0 to 1.5 Mbps downstream speed but only 100
to 256 Kbps upstream. (Answer: True)
3. True/False: In many urban areas, satellite Internet service is the only alternative to a dial-up
connection. (Answer: False)
Fixed Wireless Service (320)
LECTURE NOTES
 Discuss broadband access.
 In areas without pre-existing physical cable or telephone networks, WiMAX may be a viable
alternative for broadband access.
 Discuss the equipment needed for WiMAX.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-22
TEACHER TIP
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Explain that many cable, wireless, and traditional telephone companies are closely examining WiMAX for
“last mile” connectivity at high data rates. This could result in lower pricing for both home and business
customers as competition lowers prices.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
 Class Discussion: Point out Figure 6-22, which shows a WiMAX tower, and ask students if they’ve
ever seen one. Had they heard of WiMAX before this discussion?
 Quick Quiz:
1. What does WiMAX stand for? (Answer: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)
2. True/False: A WiMAX system transmits data to and from WiMAX antennas mounted on towers.
(Answer: True)
3. True/False: Under ideal conditions, WiMAX can transmit data at 700 Mbps. (Answer: False)
Fixed Internet Connection Roundup (321)
LECTURE NOTES
 Use Figure 6-23 to provide a good overview of almost every type of fixed Internet access. You could
use this table throughout the chapter as you discuss the various options.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-23
SECTION C: PORTABLE AND MOBILE INTERNET ACCESS
SECTION C OPENER QUESTION:
062300 What is the difference between portable Internet access and mobile Internet access?
a. With portable access you cannot work online while moving very far.
b. Mobile access is less expensive than portable access.
c. Portable access requires cables, whereas mobile access does not.
d. Portable access requires a cell phone, whereas mobile access requires a notebook computer.
(Answer: a)
Internet to Go (322)
LECTURE NOTES
 Explain that portable Internet access is the ability to easily move your Internet service from one
location to another.
 Explain that mobile Internet access offers a continuous Internet connection as you are walking or
riding in a car.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-24
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
 Class Discussion: Ask students to relay their experiences with portable or mobile Internet access. Do
any students own an iPhone or other device with which to access the Internet while on the go?
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Quick Quiz:
1. _______ Internet access can be defined as the ability to easily move your Internet service from
one location to another. (Answer: Portable)
2. _______ Internet access offers a continuous Internet connection as you are walking or riding in
a bus, car, train, or plane. (Answer: Mobile)
3. _______ Internet access includes Wi-Fi, mobile WiMAX, and cellular broadband service.
(Answer: Mobile)
Wi-Fi Hotspots (323)
LECTURE NOTES
 Discuss what a hotspot is.
 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of hotspots.
 Discuss free hotspots. Note that hotspots continue to grow; wireless networks that cover entire
cities, such as Municipal broadband, have mushroomed. More than 300 metropolitan projects have
been started nationwide.
TEACHER TIP
Point out some locations or facilities in your area that provide free Wi-Fi. Have students discuss their use of
Wi-Fi.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-25
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
 Assign a Project: Have students visit www.jiwire.com and locate Wi-Fi hotspots in their location.
 Quick Quiz:
1. A(n) _______ is an area in which the public can access a Wi-Fi network that offers Internet
service. (Answer: Wi-Fi hotspot)
2. True/False: Wi-Fi typically provides acceptable mobile Internet access. (Answer: False)
3. True/False: The speed of a hotspot is related to the speed of the wired line that connects it to the
Internet. (Answer: True)
Portable and Mobile WiMAX (324)
LECTURE NOTES
 Discuss with the students the idea of “Just plug in and jump online anywhere with the service area”
as related mobile WiMAX.
 Discuss the advantages and disadvantage of mobile WiMax.
 Discuss how mobile WiMAX is an up-and-coming standard because it is designed to offer Internet
access with seamless handoff from the one tower to another. This would be a good place to discuss
how handoff occurs.
 Explain that given the limited wired infrastructure in some developing countries, the costs to install
a WiMAX station in conjunction with an existing cellular tower or even as a solitary hub are likely
to be small in comparison to developing a wired solution.
 Explain that areas of low population density and/or flat terrain are particularly suited to WiMAX
and its range. For countries that have skipped wired infrastructure as a result of prohibitive costs
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and unsympathetic geography, WiMAX can enhance wireless infrastructure in an inexpensive,
decentralized, deployment-friendly, and effective manner.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-26
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
 Quick Quiz:
1. True/False: Mobile WiMAX could make it possible for you to deal with a single service provider
for all your cell phone and Internet access needs. (Answer: True)
2. True/False: With WiMAX, you use the same Internet service provider whether you are at home
or on the road. (Answer: True)
Portable Satellite Service (325)
LECTURE NOTES
 Discuss why you might consider using a portable satellite service. Where might it be used?
(Campgrounds are a good example).
 Discuss the need to readjust the dish to assure it is aimed correctly.
 Discuss the price factor. Note that price is a significant consideration.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-27, Figure 6-28
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
 Class Discussion: Have students discuss the possible uses of portable satellite service. How does its
high price tag limit its usefulness?
Cellular Data Service (326)
LECTURE NOTES
 Explain that cellular phones, PDAs, and notebook and tablet computers can be configured for
mobile Internet access.
 Discuss Figure 6-29 with an emphasis on how the generation of the technology impacts the features.
See how many different devices the students have. Have the student compare their cellular phones
and classify them into a generation.
 Discuss WAP and its advantages and disadvantages.
 Discuss the kinds of services offered by cellular data services. Page 327 provides an overview of
many of them. Ask if students take advantage of any of these services.
 Discuss Internet service on a handheld device. If you or a student has one, demonstrate its use.
 Discuss how you can use the modem in your phone as a modem for your computer.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-29, Figure 6-30, Figure 6-31, Figure 6-32, Figure 6-33, Figure 6-34
LAB ACTIVITY
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Refer students to the New Perspectives Web site for a Student Edition Lab called “Connecting to the
Internet.”
LAB ACTIVITY
What Internet options are available with your students’ cell phone services? Ask students to use the
Internet to visit their cellular phone service provider’s Web site and learn about what Internet services
they could subscribe to, if they don’t already. How much does the service cost?
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
 Quick Quiz:
1. _______________ is a communications protocol that provides Internet access from handheld
devices, such as cell phones. (Answer: WAP)
2. ___________ is a 3.5G cellular technology with theoretical maximum speeds in excess of 5
Mbps.
a. WAPX
c. EV-DO
b. EDGE
d. HSUPA
(Answer: d.)
SECTION D: INTERNET SERVICES
SECTION D OPENER QUESTION:
062400 On the Internet, application protocols provide consumers with many useful services. Which
one of the following correctly describes an Internet-based application protocol?
a. Chat and Instant messaging use Internet VoIP protocol.
b. Files can be shared over the Internet using FTP or BitTorrent protocols.
c. Cloud protocols such as SETI control distributed processing grids.
d. P2P is used to encrypt personal information to keep it private.
(Answer: b)
Real-Time Messaging (330)
LECTURE NOTES
 Ask students what instant messaging systems they use. AOL? Yahoo? Google Talk? Discuss what
students see as the differences among the clients. What are the criteria they used for choosing their
system?
 Remind students that it is possible to save a conversation, in order to refer to it later, which is not
possible by telephone. Also note that instant messages typically get logged in a local message
history. Note that students should be careful what they put into an instant message because it can
be retrieved for later use.
 Discuss the security aspects of messaging. Messages can be intercepted so care should be given on
the content of the messages.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-35, Figure 6-36
Voice over IP (332)
LECTURE NOTES
 Discuss the drawbacks of using VoIP.
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Note that the quality and overall reliability of the phone connection is entirely reliant upon the
quality, reliability, and speed of the Internet connection that it is using.
Discuss how shortcomings with Internet connections and Internet service providers (ISPs) can
cause a lot of grief with VoIP calls.
Explain that higher overall network latencies can lead to significantly reduced call quality and cause
certain problems such as echoing.
Using Figure 6-37, discuss the various ways in which phones are connected to enable use of VoIP.
Note that ATAs are used by many VoIP companies selling VoIP service, where the device is used to
replace a user's connection to an existing telephone company.
Explain that when sold in connection with a VoIP service like Vonage, the ATA is usually locked so
it cannot be used with another company, and the user can only partly change its configuration.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of VoIP. In particular, discuss the concerns of 911
services.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-37, Figure 6-38
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
 Ask students if any of them are using or have used VoIP. If so, how did it work? Would they do so
again?
Grid Computing (334)
LECTURE NOTES
 Note that, like the Internet, grid computing evolved from the computational needs of “big science.”
 Explain that grid computing can be viewed as an extension or application of the Internet framework
to create a more generic resource sharing context.
 Discuss some of the projects using grid computing.
 Discuss cloud computing and how it differs from grid computing.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-39, Figure 6-40, Figure 6-41
FTP (336)
LECTURE NOTES
 Discuss concerns about FTP, especially security concerns.
 Explain that passwords and file contents are sent in clear text, which can be intercepted by
eavesdroppers. (There are protocol enhancements that circumvent this.)
 Note that FTP also uses multiple TCP/IP connections, one for the control connection, and one for
each download, upload, or directory listing, and as a result, firewall software needs additional logic
to account for these connections.
 Note that FTP is a high latency protocol due to the number of commands needed to initiate a
transfer.
 Explain that FTP offers no integrity check on the receiver side. If transfer is interrupted the receiver
has no way to know if the received file is complete or not.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-42, Figure 6-43
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CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
 Demonstrate the use of FTP to transfer files. If the student has FTP available, have them transfer a
file.
File Sharing (337)
LECTURE NOTES
 Explain that file transfer is one of the original applications of the Internet, preceding even e-mail.
 Discuss how P2P works.
 Note that file sharing first came into the public eye with the popularization of MP3 files in the midto late 1990s.
 Discuss how BitTorrent works and how P2P is used in its operation.
 Discuss copyright implications. File sharing (such as with the Gnutella and Napster networks) grew
in popularity with the proliferation of high speed Internet connections, relatively small file size,
and high-quality MP3 audio format. Although file sharing technology has legal uses, many users use
it to download copyrighted materials without explicit permission: copyright infringement or
“piracy.” This has led to attacks against file sharing in general from some copyright owners.
TEACHER TIP
What are the risks of file sharing? Some file sharing software comes bundled with malware such as spyware
or adware. Sometimes this malware remains installed on the system even if the original file sharing
software is removed, and can be very difficult to eliminate. In many cases, such malware can interfere with
the correct operation of Web browsers, anti-virus software, anti-spyware, and software firewalls, and can
cause degraded performance on affected systems. Such malware is typically bundled with proprietary
software, and not those in open source.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-44
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
 Class Discussion: Survey students about their use of P2P file sharing. Have students ever used
Napster, Gnutella, or BitTorrent? What kinds of files have they exchanged using these resources?
 Quick Quiz:
1. A(n) __________ computing system is a network of diverse computers in which each computer
contributes processing resources to solving a single problem. (Answer: grid )
2. ________ is a file sharing protocol that distributes the role of file server across a collection of
dispersed computers.
a. BitTorrent
c. ISDN
b. ARPANET
d. VoIP
(Answer: a.)
SECTION E: INTERNET SECURITY
SECTION E OPENER QUESTION:
062500 Securing your computer from Internet-based intrusions is an important aspect of computer
security. Which one of the following is NOT a useful security technique?
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a. Setting up NAT on a router
b. Activating firewall software
c. Checking the status of software ports
d. Activating your computer’s file sharing options
(Answer: d)
Intrusion Attempts (340)
LECTURE NOTES
 Explain what an intrusion is.
 Explain that to port scan a host is to scan for multiple listening ports on a single target host.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-46, Figure 6-47
Securing Ports (342)
LECTURE NOTES
 Classify firewalls. One classification of firewalls is as personal or network.
 Discuss personal firewalls, a software application that normally filters traffic entering or leaving a
single computer.
 Discuss network firewalls, normally running on a dedicated network device or computer positioned
on the boundary of two or more networks or DMZs (demilitarized zones). Such a firewall filters all
traffic entering or leaving the connected networks.
 Discuss closing ports that are not in use.
 Discuss turning off computers when not in use if an “always-on” connection is being used.
TEACHER TIP
Explain the firewall protection used by your school’s network.
LAB ACTIVITY
The New Perspectives Lab “Securing Your Connection” deals with issues that relate to this section of
the textbook. You might want to go through the lab during class time if you have a computer with a
projection device. Or, assign this lab for students to do on their own.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-48, Figure 6-49, Figure 6-50
Routers and NAT (343)
LECTURE NOTES
 Discuss how routers and NATs work. One easy illustration for the different functions of routers and
switches is to think of switches as neighborhood streets, and the router as intersections with street
signs.
 Discuss IP addressing schemes and how private IP addresses work.
 Discuss network address translation and how it is used to transfer your packets.
FIGURES
 Figure 6-51, Figure 6-52
New Perspectives on Computer Concepts 2011 Instructor’s Manual
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Virtual Private Networks (345)
LECTURE NOTES
 Note that VPN is a secure way for different corporations to provide user access to the corporate
network and for remote networks to communicate with each other across the Internet.
TEACHER TIP
Point out that VPNs are frequently used by people who work from home or are frequently on the road.
LAB ACTIVITY
Refer students to the New Perspectives Web site for a Student Edition Lab called “Protecting Your
Privacy Online.”
FIGURES
 Figure 6-53
WHAT DO YOU THINK ?
063100 Should governments be allowed to block access to Web sites based on local religions, politics,
and customs?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Not sure
063200 Do you believe that a privately held Internet service provider like AOL has the right to censor
the data posted on Web sites it hosts?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Not sure
063300 Should companies like Microsoft, Yahoo!, and Cisco Systems provide blocking technology to
foreign governments?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Not sure
063400 Would you use filtering software that was preprogrammed to block pornographic and nuisance
Web sites?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Not sure
New Perspectives on Computer Concepts 2011 Instructor’s Manual
Glossary of Key Terms
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Always-on connection, 307
Anonymous FTP, 337
Asymmetric Internet connection, 311
ATA, 332
BitTorrent, 338
Cable Internet service, 316
Cable modem, 317
Chat, 330
Cloud computing, 335
Dial-up connection, 312
DOCSIS, 317
Domain name, 307
Domain name server, 308
Domain Name System, 308
Downstream speed, 311
DSL, 314
DSL filter, 315
DSL modem, 315
Dynamic IP address, 306
EDGE, 327
EV-DO, 327
Firewall, 342
Fixed Internet access, 311
Fixed wireless Internet service, 320
FTP, 336
FTP client, 336
FTP server, 336
Grid computing system, 334
HSUPA, 327
ICANN, 309
Instant messaging, 330
Internet backbone, 303
Internet service provider, 303
Intrusion, 340
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IP (IPv4 and IPv6), 305
ISDN, 314
ISDN terminal adapter, 314
Latency, 309
Mobile broadband, 327
Mobile Internet access, 311
Modem, 304
Network access point, 303
Network address translation, 344
Network service provider, 303
P2P file sharing, 337
Ping, 310
Port, 308
Port probe, 341
Portable Internet access, 311
Private IP address, 344
Protocol suite, 305
Real-time messaging system, 330
Routable IP address, 344
Satellite Internet service, 318
Satellite modem, 319
Static IP address, 306
Symmetric Internet connection, 311
TCP, 305
TCP/IP, 305
Top-level domain, 307
Traceroute, 310
Upstream speed, 311
Virtual private network, 345
Voiceband modem, 312
VoIP, 332
WAP, 327
Wi-Fi hotspot, 323
WiMAX, 320
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