Performance and Development Review (PDR) Scheme Guidance Notes Performance and Development Review (PDR) Scheme Guidance notes Contents 1. Aims of Newcastle University’s Performance and Development Review (PDR) Scheme .. 1 2. Potential Benefits of Performance and Development Reviews (PDRs) ............................. 2 3. Who is Reviewed? ............................................................................................................ 3 4. Frequency of PDRs ........................................................................................................... 3 5. Number of Reviews per Reviewer ..................................................................................... 3 6. Responsibilities ................................................................................................................. 3 7. Selection of Reviewers ...................................................................................................... 5 8. Training of Reviewers and Reviewees .............................................................................. 6 9. Confidentiality ................................................................................................................... 6 10. Newcastle University’s PDR Process .............................................................................. 7 11. The Performance & Development Review (PDR) Meeting .............................................. 9 12. After the Performance and Development Review (PDR) meeting .................................. 11 13. Performance and Development Review (PDR) Documentation ..................................... 12 14. Unresolved Issues......................................................................................................... 13 15. How the PDR Process relates to other HR Processes .................................................. 13 17. Maximizing Staff Development Opportunities ................................................................ 15 18. Monitoring the Performance and Development Review (PDR) process ......................... 16 19. Team Reviews .............................................................................................................. 16 1. Aims of Newcastle University’s Performance and Development Review (PDR) Scheme The University’s Performance and Development Review (PDR) scheme is based on the understanding that professional updating, development and training is an ongoing and important activity. This activity helps to maintain and improve the performance of individuals, academic/service units and the University. The purpose of the scheme is to review the performance, development needs and career aspirations of all members of staff. Reviews will reflect academic/service unit and institutional aims and priorities; and will ensure that appropriate steps are taken to optimise performance. The PDR scheme is integrated with the probation process so that there is a clear mechanism for assessment, feedback and development. All staff are required to take part in the PDR process. The University’s PDR scheme aims to: a) provide staff with the opportunity to evaluate their performance. The scheme will allow staff to give and receive informed and constructive feedback on their performance and that of their section/school; b) review the achievements of members of staff against their agreed objectives for the period under review/last 12 months; c) clarify for the individual, the University and the academic/service unit priorities and to agree personal objectives related to these; d) discuss staff development needs in relation to personal, academic/service unit and institutional objectives and agree how these development needs can be met; e) discuss short and long-term career aspirations in relation to current and potential future roles and within the resources available; f) Provide a framework within which the probation discussion can take place. Page 1 2. Potential Benefits of Performance and Development Reviews (PDRs) Well conducted PDRs can have significant benefits for individuals, academic/service units and the University. Benefits to the Individual PDRs provide an opportunity: a) b) to have an honest and constructive meeting about performance, development needs and career aspirations; to give constructive feedback to the reviewer; c) to agree challenging objectives for the next 12 months with the aim of increasing job satisfaction; d) to align the individual’s goals with those of the academic/service unit; e) to clarify the reviewee’s role within the academic/service unit; f) to give and receive praise and recognition; g) to discuss under-performance and identify areas for improving performance; h) to build the relationship between the reviewee and the reviewer; i) to allow uninterrupted time to discuss key issues with a line manager; j) to plan for personal development activities. Benefits to the Institution/Academic/Service Unit PDRs provide an opportunity: a) to align individual goals with those of the academic/service units and therefore optimise the performance of both; b) to improve communication within the academic/service unit and the institution; c) to develop the relationship between reviewer and the reviewee, allowing for the exchange of ideas; d) to facilitate mutual understanding of the reviewee’s role; e) to aid resource planning (for example, financial, human and physical); f) to gain commitment to the academic/service unit’s goals and standards; g) To consider the individual’s performance in line with the University’s probation policy. Page 2 3. Who is Reviewed? All categories of University staff, regardless of the nature of their contract, are covered by the PDR scheme. As such, all staff are reviewed annually. However, because the joint NHS Trust/University appraisal scheme is consistent with the principles of the University’s PDR scheme, clinical academics who are reviewed as part of the NHS Trust/University scheme and where there is a University reviewer present are exempt from the University’s PDR process. 4. Frequency of PDRs The head of unit determines the frequency of PDRs within their school, although this should be at least an annual activity with an informal mid-year review as appropriate. All reviewees can therefore expect an annual PDR. It is optional, though highly recommended to have a much shorter “how’s it going” review 6 months later. 5. Number of Reviews per Reviewer Preparing for and facilitating PDRs is a major undertaking calling for considerable commitment and goodwill from both reviewers and reviewees. Restricting the number of reviewees per reviewer is the most effective way to ensure that PDRs are conducted regularly, fairly and with sufficient preparation and consideration. Heads of academic/service units determine the PDR scheme structure within their schools and in doing so agree how many reviewees each reviewer will review. It is recommended that no reviewer is responsible for more than 10 reviewees at any one time. 6. Responsibilities Vice-Chancellor The Vice-Chancellor, through the Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Pro-Vice-Chancellors, Registrar, and directors of services, is directly responsible for ensuring that PDRs are conducted annually throughout the University. The Vice-Chancellor is reviewed by the Chair of Council and then conducts PDRs at the start of each academic year with the Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Pro-Vice-Chancellors, Provosts and Registrar. The Vice-Chancellor’s performance and development objectives therefore impact directly on the objectives of the senior management team. Pro Vice Chancellors and the Registrar Pro Vice-Chancellors and the Registrar hold PDRs with their directors of services/sections, heads of academic unit and deans annually. They also ensure that PDRs are being conducted throughout their areas of responsibility. Their own PDR objectives therefore impact directly on the objectives of their heads of academic/service unit/directors of services and deans. Usually these PDR meetings take place before Christmas each year so that objectives for the academic/service unit will be reflected in all subsequent PDRs and development needs can be budgeted for. Page 3 Heads of Academic/Service Units Heads of academic/service unit and directors of services are responsible for ensuring effective PDRs take place in their own academic/service unit. Heads may delegate the responsibility for conducting the PDR meetings, although they should agree who is responsible for reviewing each member of staff, the timing of the exercise and the design of the process and documentation. For the purpose of making a recommendation on probation it will need to be the line manager who carries out the PDR review. Heads are ultimately responsible for monitoring the performance of their academic/service unit and for ensuring that the academic/service unit delivers agreed objectives. The PDR process should help the heads of academic/service units to ensure that all staff are reviewed annually. Heads of academic or service units are encouraged to apply a sampling approach to ensure there is sufficient rigor and quality in the PDR process within their areas. They are also encouraged to ensure staff in their areas are recording the dates of when PDRs are being conducted. Reviewers Reviewers are responsible for implementing the academic unit or service unit’s PDR process annually and for using the appropriate PDR documentation with all of their reviewees. Reviewers are responsible for attending the appropriate PDR training and for ensuring adequate preparation for each review. The majority of PDRs are usually conducted during the period of January to April to ensure alignment with business planning and to allow for accurate budgeting for staff development activities. No reviewer should be expected to review more than ten reviewees per annum. Reviewers are responsible for recording that PDRs have taken place. Reviewers are also responsible for ensuring that, after the review meetings, the PDRs they have conducted for their team on SAP via Manager’s desktop. Reviewees Reviewees are responsible for preparing effectively for their PDR meetings, for contributing constructively at the meeting, and for agreeing their performance and development objectives. Clinical Academics Clinical Academics are expected to complete a joint Trust and University appraisal process: Joint Appraisal Form and Academic Staff in Medical Sciences PDR form are required to be completed. Page 4 Staff Development Unit The Staff Development Unit is responsible for offering support in the form of advice, guidance, training and coaching to academic/service units. Reviewers and reviewees must be familiar with the aims and operation of the PDR scheme before carrying out reviews, and initial awareness training is obligatory for reviewers and highly recommended for reviewees. Advice and guidance is available from the Staff Development Unit on all staff development planning and resourcing issues. The Unit is also available to help reviewers and reviewees with training and/or development needs that are identified as part of the PDR process. The Staff Development Unit organises an Open Programme each year to provide a wide range of workshops and can design and deliver tailor-made development activities for individuals and/or, academic/service units as appropriate. The Staff Development web pages hold a range of useful resources and documentation including a short, online film which can be viewed as a useful refresher of the PDR process. Human Resources Section The Human Resources Section will have a role in supporting PDR activity however it is the University senior managers, and heads of academic/service units who are expected to take clear ownership of the scheme. The senior team’s management of the PDR process will be monitored by the Vice-Chancellor. The Vice-Chancellor is ultimately responsible for the University’s PDR scheme and may routinely ask academic units or service units for information on PDR completion in their areas. 7. Selection of Reviewers Reviewers are selected by the head of academic/service unit. Normally, line managers will review the staff in their own area of responsibility. It is acknowledged, however, that occasionally there may be a more appropriate reviewer and this should be discussed with, and agreed by, the Head of academic unit/service unit Normally the reviewer will be a person who: a) understands the work of the reviewee and their areas of responsibility; b) is aware of the needs and requirements of the academic/service unit and the University; c) is able to influence the allocation of the resources needed to implement any plans made during the review; d) has been trained in the skills and knowledge needed for the effective operation of the PDR scheme; e) Will be making the final recommendation re the completion of probation. Page 5 8. Training of Reviewers and Reviewees Reviewers All reviewers who review the performance and development of others must attend obligatory awareness training in the PDR process, its aims, and its documentation. Some, especially first time reviewers, will also need skills training to ensure their PDR meetings are effective – for example, training in giving constructive feedback to reviewees. Regular workshops are available on the Open Programme offered by the Staff Development Unit. Tailored activities can also be organised to meet specific needs of an academic or service unit and the PDR online film is also available to view as a useful refresher on the Staff Development Unit’s webpage. Reviewees It is strongly recommended that staff being reviewed under the PDR scheme for the first time should also attend awareness training. Short, practical workshops, which encourage reviewees to maximise the benefit from their PDRs, are also available on the SDU’s Open Programme as well as a PDR online film available through SDU’s Learning Resource Centre . 9. Confidentiality Confidentiality is essential if the University’s PDR scheme is to succeed and if staff are to feel comfortable being honest during review meetings. The PDR Form is a summary of the main points of the meeting, not the fine detail of the confidential discussion. The form is confidential to the reviewee, the reviewer and the next level of management (or with the agreement of the reviewee, another senior manager).Where a PDR review involves discussion for probation purposes, the line manager of the staff member will complete a separate probation page and forward to Human Resources. Relevant information from the PDR may be included with the probation page. PDR Forms are not sent to the Human Resources Section or the Staff Development Unit. Any training and development needs can be discussed with the Staff Development Unit. All forms are available from the SDU’s webpage. Page 6 10. Newcastle University’s PDR Process University Level The following flow chart (figure 1) illustrates how the University’s PDR process starts with the Vice-Chancellor and cascades throughout the institution from the most senior managers through to all other staff members. Target dates are included to ensure that staff development needs can be identified in time for them to be included in the school’s/section’s budget planning process. VC reviewed by the Chairman of Council (Usually September) VC reviews Pro Vice Chancellors and Registrar Pro Vice-Chancellors and Registrar review directors of services, heads of academic/service unit, deans and heads of research institutes Directors of services, heads of academic/service unit review their reviewees (maximum of 10) Managers/reviewers review their reviewees Academic/service unit staff development plans produced in time for budget planning Plans to address local actions agreed and actioned throughout the year Training and development needs that can be addressed locally are actioned throughout the year and other staff development needs are collated into an academic/service unit plan Page 7 Figure 2 below illustrates how PDR progresses for an individual reviewee Reviewer and reviewee agree the date, venue and documentation for the PDR meeting at least four weeks prior to the meeting Both reviewer and reviewee prepare for the PDR meeting by using the PDR form as a guide PDR meeting takes place (approximately one hour) and where appropriate the date of mid-year review is agreed and put into both diaries PDR review meeting date is recorded on SAP via Manager’s desktop Summary of the main points of the PDR meeting is drawn up into the PDR form template Copy of agreed PDR Form sent to head of academic/service unit or the next level of management for comments where appropriate Final copy, (including head of academic/service unit comments where appropriate) sent back to reviewer Reviewer ensures reviewee receives the final PDR Form and keeps a copy for their own records Plans to address local actions agreed and addressed throughout the year Training and development needs that can be addressed locally are actioned throughout the year Providers of T&D activities, including SDU and Health & Safety work closely with the academic/service units to meet generic staff development needs throughout the year Page 8 11. The Performance & Development Review (PDR) Meeting The review meeting is a very important part of the PDR process and should involve a two-way discussion between the reviewer and the reviewee. Both parties should prepare for the meeting and allow sufficient time (one to one and a half hours is typical). The timing and venue of the meeting should be agreed at least four weeks before the meeting takes place. The venue should provide privacy, freedom from interruptions and, if possible, informality. Role of the Reviewers Reviewers are strongly advised to seek advice and guidance on conducting PDR meetings, particularly for the first time, but briefly the reviewer should: a) explain the purpose of the meeting at the outset; b) put the reviewee at ease and encourage them to talk freely about their work; c) set a tone of joint responsibility and helpfulness by remembering that the PDR meeting is ‘owned’ by the reviewee. Therefore, the reviewee should do most of the talking, not the reviewer; d) assure the reviewee of confidentiality as set out in these guidance notes; e) listen and co-operate, considering the individual’s point of view; f) remember that problems should not be aired for the first time at a PDR meeting. The discussion should contain no surprises; g) use the documentation as the agenda for the meeting and work through each of the main headings, listening, note taking and sharing views and ideas; h) provide a balanced view of their perceptions of the review period and future goals in relation to the school’s/section’s priorities; i) explain in detail the priorities and direction of the academic/service unit; j) concentrate on the individual and their role using specific examples rather than generalisations; k) ask ‘open’ questions to probe and encourage the reviewee to contribute; l) be prepared to address any problem areas constructively and use a joint problem-solving approach to generate solutions; m) praise specific examples of excellent performance and point out specific examples of underperformance where improvements are necessary; n) avoid interrupting but retain the initiative throughout the meeting; o) agree an action plan with the reviewee for new objectives and any development needs/actions for career progression. If agreement cannot be reached the reviewer will set the objectives to be achieved. Guidance on this part of the process is strongly recommended for new Reviewers and is available from the Staff Development Unit; Page 9 p) close the meeting by re-reading the objectives and summarizing progress throughout the review period; q) where appropriate agree a interim review date with the reviewee (30 minutes to one hour maximum) and put into diaries of both reviewer and reviewee; r) Where appropriate, explain to the reviewee what recommendation will be made regarding their probation, based on their performance during the probation period. Role of the Reviewee Detailed advice and guidance on contributing to PDR meetings for reviewees is available from the Staff Development Unit in the form of short workshops throughout the year, but briefly the reviewee should: a) have prepared for the PDR meeting; b) remind themselves of the purpose of the meeting prior to attending; c) feel comfortable about asking for clarification on any aspect of the PDR – such as the process, documentation, or confidentiality; d) talk freely, for example, about their work, skills, difficulties, or future; e) remember that it is the reviewee’s meeting and as such they should do most of the talking, not the reviewer; f) promote a tone of joint responsibility and helpfulness; g) listen and try to understand the reviewer’s points of view; h) use the documentation as the agenda for the meeting and work systematically through each of the main headings. This will involve listening, and sharing views, hopes and concerns; i) provide a balanced view of their perceptions of the review period and their future goals in the context of the school’s/section’s/University’s priorities; j) discuss their achievements and successes during the review period; k) concentrate the discussion on their role and future, using specific examples; l) raise any problem areas constructively and using a joint problem-solving approach to generate solutions; m) give specific examples of excellent performance and specific examples of where performance could be improved; n) be honest with the reviewer, providing specific examples of how the reviewer could help more, where appropriate; o) be confident enough to ask for more support, guidance or resources; Page 10 p) agree an action plan with the reviewer. This will include new objectives and any development needs/actions for career progression. Ensure that this part of the meeting is accurately recorded as it will form the basis of the mid-year review; q) agree the final objectives and summarise progress with the reviewer at the end of the meeting If agreement is not reached the reviewer will set the objectives; r) where appropriate, agree an interim review date with the reviewer (30 minutes to one hour) and put into diary. 12. After the Performance and Development Review (PDR) meeting Completing the PDR Documentation Follow-up action after the PDR meeting is crucial if the process is to be effective and credible. Either the reviewer or the reviewee can commit to completing the PDR Form. It is recommended that the reviewee completes the form after the key points have been agreed during the review meeting. The documentation is designed to be short and simple. It is essential, however, that the discussion is documented whilst it is still fresh in the minds of both parties and completion should normally be within two weeks. Reviewers must confirm on their own PDR form that they have completed the PDRs of all staff they supervise. Reviewers are responsible for ensuring that, after the review meetings, the PDRs they have conducted for their team are recorded on SAP via Manager’s desktop. Interim Review This is a brief informal meeting to check progress against agreed objectives and the individual’s development plan. Interim reviews should be recorded by the Reviewer on SAP via Manager’s Desktop. Copies of PDR Documentation The completed PDR Form which is signed by both the reviewer and reviewee to confirm that the document is an accurate record of the main points of the discussion, is sent to the head of academic unit/service unit or other appropriate senior manager where applicable who will make their comments. The form is then returned to the reviewer. The reviewer ensures that the reviewee sees the completed document. Copies should then be kept by both the reviewer and reviewee. Heads of academic/service unit are responsible for ensuring that PDRs take place within their academic/service units each year. They should use this opportunity to gain an annual ‘academic/service unit-wide’ view of the career aspirations, Page 11 development needs and any performance issues within their academic/service units. It is also intended that by overseeing the process the heads of academic/service unit can help to ensure that the scheme is being operated openly and equitably. Actioning Staff Development Needs Many of the staff development needs raised during PDR meetings will be best met within the academic/service unit or by attendance at an external workshop. Reviewers and reviewees should agree how such needs will be actioned most appropriately and who will be responsible. A note of what is agreed should be made on the PDR form. The Staff Development Unit can also help with development needs. The reviewer and reviewee should agree and record who will contact the Staff Development Unit to discuss and implement such development activities. 13. Performance and Development Review (PDR) Documentation The University’s generic PDR documentation has been kept short and simple and designed in such a way that it can meet the needs of all categories of staff. The forms are available electronically from the Staff Development Unit and Human Resources websites and can be lengthened and shortened as needed. Where academic/service units have designed their own PDR documentation, the paperwork is made available locally. The PDR form will be the primary documentation upon which recommendations under the probation procedure will be based and recorded. The PDR form can be used in two ways: Step One: PDR Preparation It is important that both the reviewer and reviewee prepare for the PDR review meeting by reflecting on the last 12 months, analysing successes and difficulties as well as considering objectives and development needs for the individual for the next 12 months. To help with this preparation both parties can either use the actual PDR form as a guide. Reviewers and reviewees should decide whether to share their preparation notes prior to the meeting to help to generate an agenda for the discussion. For academic staff MyImpact can be used prior to the PDR meeting and a copy of the information is can be sent to the reviewer with an up-to-date CV. Step Two: Record of the Meeting The PDR form is designed as a summary record of the PDR meeting. It is completed after the review meeting and should be a summary of the main points of the discussion. It should not be a lengthy, detailed narrative and most typically would be a series of key bullet points under each section heading plus a list of objectives and some notes on development needs. Page 12 Keeping the PDR paperwork short and simple is another way in which the University is working to keep the reviewer’s workload manageable. It is more important that the review meetings are conducted regularly, fairly and with sufficient preparation than lengthy reports produced. Completing a PDR Form should take no longer than one hour. It is important to agree at the PDR meeting who will complete the form and by when. Any additional information can be attached to the PDR form to avoid duplication. The probation page at the end of the PDR form is only applicable to staff who are in their probationary period. Further information can be found in Section 15 14. Unresolved Issues On the rare occasions when reviewers and reviewees fail to agree on issues raised during the review meeting, such issues should be taken to the next most senior manager in the academic/service unit. This may be a PVC/Head of academic/service unit and very occasionally the Vice-Chancellor. 15. How the PDR Process relates to other HR Processes Newcastle University’s PDR process has been designed to complement the existing Human Resources processes. Effective PDRs should therefore save time, duplication of effort and add value to the: a) promotions procedure; b) probation process. Promotion /Advancement The PDR scheme applies to all University staff, not just those seeking promotion or advancement. However a PDR process like Newcastle University’s, which facilitates an honest discussion about performance, professional updating, training and development, may help with career development. Therefore members of staff can include all or part of their most recent PDR document with their portfolio for promotion or advancement if they wish. Probation Procedure As part of induction the employee’s line manager should meet them during the first few weeks of employment to formulate an initial work plan which will include any agreed development needs and the objectives and quality measures against which their performance will be measured. These are subsequently reviewed as part of the Performance and Development Review process. The initial work plan and development needs discussion should be recorded as a PDR, by the Reviewer, on SAP via Manager’s desktop. Page 13 Therefore the timing of the PDRs for those staff on probation is driven by the probation processes. For instance: Staff Category First Formal Review Final Review Academic Staff (up to and including grade H) 12 months 22 months Non-Academic Staff (Grades A-E) N/A 5 months Non-Academic Staff (Grades F-H) N/A 10 months Research Staff (F-H) N/A 10 months After completing the probationary period staff move onto the academic/service unit’s regular annual PDR cycle alongside other, longer-serving staff. Further information on the Probation Policy can be found on the Human Resources Website. Entirely separate procedures exist for disciplinary issues. Disciplinary and Grievance Procedure Disciplinary and grievance matters should always be discussed immediately in line with the University’s advice on disciplinary procedures and under no circumstance should be reserved for the annual PDR meeting. Separate procedures exist for disciplinary action and these are kept distinct from the PDR process. PDRs are not used as part of any disciplinary procedure. MyImpact As part of their preparation for a PDR meeting, academic and research staff should normally submit their most up to date CV and any information from MyImpact to their reviewer. Student feedback and other sources of evidence of performance may also be submitted. Contract research staff can use the training and development section of the PDR Form as the Personal Development Agreement, required by the Concordat. Confidentiality within HR Processes Maintaining the confidentiality of the PDR process is essential. Therefore, it is not acceptable for a recruiting manager to ask to see a PDR of someone they are thinking of appointing. Only the reviewer, the reviewee and the next level of management (or with the agreement of the reviewee, another senior manager) have sight of PDR documentation. However staff moving into new posts are encouraged to share their previous PDR Forms, particularly their current and future development needs that still need addressing. For probation purposes an additional (removable) page is included on the form available from the Staff Development Unit’s webpage which will be completed giving details of the recommendation and this will be sent to HR. This may be supplemented by extracting certain information from the PDR. No other information from the PDR form will need to be sent to HR. Page 14 Pay Review Whilst it is recognised that the same evidence is likely to inform decisions on pay, there is not a direct link between pay reviews and PDRs. Although positive PDRs are not a guarantee of a pay award, an honest discussion about performance, development and career aspirations may ultimately help with promotion prospects. Support Heads of academic/service units will be provided with appropriate T&D support from SDU when they are planning to‘re-energise’ the PDR process in their area. 17. Maximizing Staff Development Opportunities As part of the PDR process reviewers and reviewees will explore the reviewee’s training and development needs and consider the best ways of meeting these. Reviewers can consider a range of development options including: delegating more challenging work to reviewees short periods of work shadowing short courses/workshops (in-house and external) open/e-learning reading materials skills coaching mentoring longer formal development programmes professional qualifications inclusion on a working party responsibility for a new area of work secondments job swaps teaching fellowships study/research leave servicing on or supporting a committee Whilst many of the training and development needs that emerge from PDR meetings can be met within the academic/service units or by attendance at external workshops, reviewers/reviewees will also benefit from the central staff development provision. The Staff Development Unit offers a range of generic workshops and facilitates large numbers of tailor-made events for individuals, schools and sections. One-to-one coaching and mentoring can also be arranged. It is recommended that once the PDR process is complete for all of their staff: Heads of Units collate all of the emerging staff training and development needs into an academic/service unit Staff Development Plan. This working document which is available on the Staff Development Unit’s website helps the head of academic/service unit to plan, prioritise and budget for development activities. It also highlights where help, advice and funds can be sought over the coming 12 months. Page 15 18. Monitoring the Performance and Development Review (PDR) process The University’s senior management, Pro Vice-Chancellors and heads of academic/service unit are expected to take clear ownership of the PDR scheme. Their performance in this area is monitored by the Vice-Chancellor, who is ultimately responsible for the PDR process. 19. Team Reviews It may be appropriate in some academic/service units of the University to build on the benefits of the PDR scheme by introducing team reviews. Such reviews can enhance existing teams by enabling a specific work team to discuss progress and plans in areas such as: a) a review of the team’s effectiveness; b) recognition of the team’s achievements; c) planning the team’s goals and objectives; d) identifying the team’s development needs. The head of academic/service unit (or their nominee) is the key figure in facilitating the process and it should be stressed that not all University teams will benefit from the process. Typically teams with the following characteristics benefit most: a) teams where there is enough overlap for common goals to be identifiable and meaningful; b) teams of appropriate size that have a shared identity; c) teams where members are sensitive towards colleagues. It is not intended that team reviews should replace the one-to-one PDR meetings, but experience shows that where team reviews have taken place, the subsequent one-to-one meetings with individuals tend to be more focussed and are often shorter. Where an individual is completing a probationary period they will need to have a separate PDR meeting as well as any team review that takes place. Effective Date Approval Policy/Procedure Owner Last Reviewed 19 October 2002 Staff Committee Veryan Johnston, Executive Director of HR 30 July 2013 Page 16